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49 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What is Self Aid?
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Emergency treatment one applies to oneself
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Name some items that you might use as a splint from your military equipment
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* Bayonet
* Rifle * Entrenching tool * Tent poles and stakes * Web belt |
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What is the quickest way to splint a broken leg?
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Tie the broken leg securely to the unbroken leg
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How many pressure points, which can be used to control bleeding with fingers, thumbs or hands are there on the human body?
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11
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What is the object of first aid?
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1. To stop bleeding
2. Overcome shock 3. Relieve pain 4. Prevent infection |
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What FM covers first aid for soldiers?
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FM 4-25.11
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What is First Aid?
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It is the first care given to casualties before treatment by medical personnel can be made available
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What is the unique feature of type "O" blood?
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It is a universal donor
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When would you not remove a casualties clothing to expose a wound?
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If in a chemical environment or if the clothing is stuck to the wound
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What soldiers are most likely to suffer heat injuries?
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Soldiers not accustomed to the heat, overweight soldiers, prior heat casualties, and soldiers already dehydrated due to alcohol use, diarrhea, or lack of water (insufficient use of)
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How high should an injured limb be elevated above the heart to control bleeding?
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2 to 4 inches
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What are the lifesaving steps? (The ABC's of medical treatment)
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1. Open the airway and restore breathing
2. Stop the bleeding / Protect the wound 3. Prevent shock |
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Whose first aid dressing should be used on a casualty?
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Use the casualty’s field dressing.
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What is manual pressure?
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If bleeding continues after applying the sterile field dressing, direct manual pressure may be used to help control bleeding. Apply such pressure by placing a hand on the dressing and exerting firm pressure for 5 to 10 minutes. The casualty may be asked to do this himself if he is conscious and can follow instructions.
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Should a casualty be given water to drink?
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He should not eat or drink
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Why should you dress and bandage the wound as soon as possible?
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To protect the wound from further contamination of germs, and also to control the bleeding
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What should you do to indicate that a casualty has received a tourniquet?
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Mark his or her forehead with a T and if possible, note the time of the application of the tourniquet
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Should you ever remove or loosen a tourniquet?
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No, only qualified medical personnel can do that
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Where is a tourniquet applied?
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Place the tourniquet around the limb, between the wound and the body trunk (or between the wound and the heart). Never place it directly over a wound, a fracture, or joint. Tourniquets, for maximum effectiveness, should be placed on the upper arm or above the knee on the thigh.
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Name 3 categories of heat injuries
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1. Heat cramps
2. Heat exhaustion 3. Heat stroke |
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If a casualty were suspected of having a neck/spinal injury or severe head trauma, which method would you use for opening an airway?
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The jaw thrust technique, because in most cases it can be done without extending the neck
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What are two basic types of fractures?
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1. Open (compound)
2. Closed (simple) |
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What are some signs of an open fracture?
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* Bleeding.
* Bones sticking through the skin. * Check for pulse. |
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With an open fracture, what should you do first?
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Stop the bleeding
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What is the basic proven principle in splinting fractures?
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"Splint them where they lie"
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What are the three types of bleeding?
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1. Arterial- Blood is bright red and will spurt with each heart beat
2. Venous- Blood is dark red and flows in a steady stream 3. Capillary- Blood oozes from the wound |
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What are some signs/symptoms of shock?
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* Clammy skin (cool, pale and damp)
* Restlessness and nervousness * Thirst * Loss of blood * Confusion * Fast breathing * Nausea or vomiting * Blotched or bluish skin (especially around the mouth and lips) * Often perspires freely * May pass out. |
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What is the treatment for shock?
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“P.E.L.C.R.N.” (Pronounced Pell-Crin)
* Position the casualty on their back * Elevate the Legs * Loosen clothing at neck waist or wherever it is binding * Climatize (prevent too hot or too cold) * Reassure (keep the casualty calm) * Notify medical personnel (Help, Get a medic!!) |
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How do you stop bleeding?
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* Apply a field dressing
* Manual pressure * Elevate the limb * Apply a pressure dressing * Digital Pressure * Apply a tourniquet |
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What is CPR?
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Cardiopulmonary resuscitation, it is used to restore a heart beat
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Name two types of rescue breathing
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1. Mouth to mouth
2. Mouth to nose |
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When should a casualty not be placed in the shock position?
When the casualty has a: |
* Head injury
* Abdominal wound * Fractured (unsplinted) leg |
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How long is direct manual pressure applied to control bleeding?
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5 to 10 minutes
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What should you do prior to leaving an unconscious casualty?
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Turn their head to the side to prevent them from choking on their own vomit
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When should a tourniquet be used to stop bleeding?
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As a last resort when everything else has failed or when an arm or leg has been severed off
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What does COLD stand for?
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It is a key word in cold weather protection, it stands for Keep it CLEAN, Avoid OVERHEATING, Wear it LOOSE and in layers and Keep it DRY
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What are the 8 steps in evaluating a casualty?
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Check for:
1. Responsiveness 2. Breathing 3. Pulse 4. Bleeding 5. Shock 6. Fractures 7. Burns 8. Possible concussions (head injuries) |
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What is the first indication of frostbite?
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Skin becomes numb and white particles/patches form on it
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What do you do to treat frostbite?
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Remove clothing from the affected area, warm with body heat, dress the area and seek additional medical help
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How should you position a casualty with an open abdominal wound?
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On his back with his knees up to relieve abdominal pressure
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When should an airtight dressing be applied to a sucking chest wound?
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As the individual breathes out
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What do you do with exposed abdominal organs?
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Wrap them in dry clean material and place on top of the abdomen (never try to put them back in)
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How do you take the Carotid pulse?
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Carotid pulse. To check the carotid pulse, feel for a pulse on the side of the casualty’s neck closest to you. This is done by placing the tips of your first two fingers beside his Adam’s apple.
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In reference to carrying a casualty, what are the two-man methods?
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* Two-Man Support Carry
* Two-Man Arms Carry * Two-Man Fore-and Aft-Carry * Four-Hand Seat Carry * Two-Hand Seat Carry |
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In reference to carrying a casualty, what are the one-man methods?
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* Fireman's carry
* Supporting carry * Arms Carry * Saddleback carry * Pack-strap carry * Pistol belt carry * Pistol belt drag * Neck drag * LBE Carry Using Bearers LBE * LBE Carry Using Casualty’s LBE * Cradle Drop Drag |
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Name the four types of burns
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1. Thermal
2. Electrical 3. Chemical 4. Laser |
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What is the primary objective in the treatment of burns?
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Lessen or prevent shock and infection
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What are the three categories used in medical evacuation?
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1. Urgent- within 2 hours
2. Priority- within 4 hours 3. Routine- within 24 hours |
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What are the 2 prescribed methods for opening an airway?
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1. The jaw thrust
2. Head tilt/chin lift methods |