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49 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
What is Self Aid?
Emergency treatment one applies to oneself
Name some items that you might use as a splint from your military equipment
* Bayonet
* Rifle
* Entrenching tool
* Tent poles and stakes
* Web belt
What is the quickest way to splint a broken leg?
Tie the broken leg securely to the unbroken leg
How many pressure points, which can be used to control bleeding with fingers, thumbs or hands are there on the human body?
11
What is the object of first aid?
1. To stop bleeding
2. Overcome shock
3. Relieve pain
4. Prevent infection
What FM covers first aid for soldiers?
FM 4-25.11
What is First Aid?
It is the first care given to casualties before treatment by medical personnel can be made available
What is the unique feature of type "O" blood?
It is a universal donor
When would you not remove a casualties clothing to expose a wound?
If in a chemical environment or if the clothing is stuck to the wound
What soldiers are most likely to suffer heat injuries?
Soldiers not accustomed to the heat, overweight soldiers, prior heat casualties, and soldiers already dehydrated due to alcohol use, diarrhea, or lack of water (insufficient use of)
How high should an injured limb be elevated above the heart to control bleeding?
2 to 4 inches
What are the lifesaving steps? (The ABC's of medical treatment)
1. Open the airway and restore breathing
2. Stop the bleeding / Protect the wound
3. Prevent shock
Whose first aid dressing should be used on a casualty?
Use the casualty’s field dressing.
What is manual pressure?
If bleeding continues after applying the sterile field dressing, direct manual pressure may be used to help control bleeding. Apply such pressure by placing a hand on the dressing and exerting firm pressure for 5 to 10 minutes. The casualty may be asked to do this himself if he is conscious and can follow instructions.
Should a casualty be given water to drink?
He should not eat or drink
Why should you dress and bandage the wound as soon as possible?
To protect the wound from further contamination of germs, and also to control the bleeding
What should you do to indicate that a casualty has received a tourniquet?
Mark his or her forehead with a T and if possible, note the time of the application of the tourniquet
Should you ever remove or loosen a tourniquet?
No, only qualified medical personnel can do that
Where is a tourniquet applied?
Place the tourniquet around the limb, between the wound and the body trunk (or between the wound and the heart). Never place it directly over a wound, a fracture, or joint. Tourniquets, for maximum effectiveness, should be placed on the upper arm or above the knee on the thigh.
Name 3 categories of heat injuries
1. Heat cramps
2. Heat exhaustion
3. Heat stroke
If a casualty were suspected of having a neck/spinal injury or severe head trauma, which method would you use for opening an airway?
The jaw thrust technique, because in most cases it can be done without extending the neck
What are two basic types of fractures?
1. Open (compound)
2. Closed (simple)
What are some signs of an open fracture?
* Bleeding.
* Bones sticking through the skin.
* Check for pulse.
With an open fracture, what should you do first?
Stop the bleeding
What is the basic proven principle in splinting fractures?
"Splint them where they lie"
What are the three types of bleeding?
1. Arterial- Blood is bright red and will spurt with each heart beat
2. Venous- Blood is dark red and flows in a steady stream
3. Capillary- Blood oozes from the wound
What are some signs/symptoms of shock?
* Clammy skin (cool, pale and damp)
* Restlessness and nervousness
* Thirst
* Loss of blood
* Confusion
* Fast breathing
* Nausea or vomiting
* Blotched or bluish skin (especially around the mouth and lips)
* Often perspires freely
* May pass out.
What is the treatment for shock?
“P.E.L.C.R.N.” (Pronounced Pell-Crin)

* Position the casualty on their back
* Elevate the Legs
* Loosen clothing at neck waist or wherever it is binding
* Climatize (prevent too hot or too cold)
* Reassure (keep the casualty calm)
* Notify medical personnel (Help, Get a medic!!)
How do you stop bleeding?
* Apply a field dressing
* Manual pressure
* Elevate the limb
* Apply a pressure dressing
* Digital Pressure
* Apply a tourniquet
What is CPR?
Cardiopulmonary resuscitation, it is used to restore a heart beat
Name two types of rescue breathing
1. Mouth to mouth
2. Mouth to nose
When should a casualty not be placed in the shock position?
When the casualty has a:
* Head injury
* Abdominal wound
* Fractured (unsplinted) leg
How long is direct manual pressure applied to control bleeding?
5 to 10 minutes
What should you do prior to leaving an unconscious casualty?
Turn their head to the side to prevent them from choking on their own vomit
When should a tourniquet be used to stop bleeding?
As a last resort when everything else has failed or when an arm or leg has been severed off
What does COLD stand for?
It is a key word in cold weather protection, it stands for Keep it CLEAN, Avoid OVERHEATING, Wear it LOOSE and in layers and Keep it DRY
What are the 8 steps in evaluating a casualty?
Check for:
1. Responsiveness
2. Breathing
3. Pulse
4. Bleeding
5. Shock
6. Fractures
7. Burns
8. Possible concussions (head injuries)
What is the first indication of frostbite?
Skin becomes numb and white particles/patches form on it
What do you do to treat frostbite?
Remove clothing from the affected area, warm with body heat, dress the area and seek additional medical help
How should you position a casualty with an open abdominal wound?
On his back with his knees up to relieve abdominal pressure
When should an airtight dressing be applied to a sucking chest wound?
As the individual breathes out
What do you do with exposed abdominal organs?
Wrap them in dry clean material and place on top of the abdomen (never try to put them back in)
How do you take the Carotid pulse?
Carotid pulse. To check the carotid pulse, feel for a pulse on the side of the casualty’s neck closest to you. This is done by placing the tips of your first two fingers beside his Adam’s apple.
In reference to carrying a casualty, what are the two-man methods?
* Two-Man Support Carry
* Two-Man Arms Carry
* Two-Man Fore-and Aft-Carry
* Four-Hand Seat Carry
* Two-Hand Seat Carry
In reference to carrying a casualty, what are the one-man methods?
* Fireman's carry
* Supporting carry
* Arms Carry
* Saddleback carry
* Pack-strap carry
* Pistol belt carry
* Pistol belt drag
* Neck drag
* LBE Carry Using Bearers LBE
* LBE Carry Using Casualty’s LBE
* Cradle Drop Drag
Name the four types of burns
1. Thermal
2. Electrical
3. Chemical
4. Laser
What is the primary objective in the treatment of burns?
Lessen or prevent shock and infection
What are the three categories used in medical evacuation?
1. Urgent- within 2 hours
2. Priority- within 4 hours
3. Routine- within 24 hours
What are the 2 prescribed methods for opening an airway?
1. The jaw thrust
2. Head tilt/chin lift methods