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15 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the Cortex of the Adrenal Gland derived from?
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Mesoderm.
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What is the Medulla of the Adrenal Gland derived from?
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Neural Crest cells.
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Describe the most common tumor of the Adrenal Medulla found in adults. What is the most common tumor of the Adrenal Medulla found in children?
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The most common tumor of the Adrenal Medulla found in adults is Pheochromocytoma. In children it is a Neuroblastoma.
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Where are Oxytocin and ADH made in the body? Where are they released into the main blood stream from? What is the tissue of this releasing organ derived from?
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ADH and Oxytocin are made in the Hypothalamus and are shipped to the Posterior Pituitary Gland. The Pituitary is derived from Neuroectoderm.
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What is another name for the Anterior Pituitary? What tissue is it derived from?
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Adenohypophisis; derived from Oral Ectoderm
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What is another name for this Posterior Pituitary? What tissue is it derived from?
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Neurohypophyisis; derived from Neuroectoderm.
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Where are most of the Islet of Langerhans cells found in the pancreas?
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In the tail.
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What tissues of the body depend on insulin for glucose uptake? What glucose transporter do these tissues use?
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Skeletal muscle and Adipose are insulin dependent tissues that use the GLUT4 transporter, which is upregulated in response to insulin.
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Do brain tissue and RBC's depend on insulin for glucose uptake? What glucose transporter do they use? When do RBC's not need glucose?
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Brain tissue and RBC's take up glucose using the GLUT1 transporter, independent of insulin. RBC's always need glucose.
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What feature of the adrenal gland is shared by all congenital adrenal enzyme deficiencies? Why?
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All congenital adrenal enzyme deficiencies are characterized by an enlargement of the adrenal glands due to an increase in ACTH stimulation because of the decreased levels of Cortisol.
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What are the 4B's of T3 Hormone?
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T3 functions include:
-Brain maturation -Bone growth -Beta adrenergic effects -BMR increase |
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What are the three types of Multiple Endocrine Neoplasms (MEN)? Describe the mode of inheritance associated with all three MEN. Which gene is associated with two of the MEN?
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The three types of MEN are MEN 1, MEN 2A and MEN 2B. All MEN syndromes have autosomal dominant inheritance MEN 2A and 2B are associated with the Ret gene.
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What are two of the main symptoms associated with Hypoparathyroidism?
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Hypocalcemia and tetany.
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What are two sign's that are associated with Hypoparathyroidism? Describe them.
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Chvostek's sign- tapping of the facial nerve --> contraction of the facial muscles
Trosseau's sign of latent tetany- occlusion of the brachial artery with BP cuff --> carpal spasm |
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What is the most common reason that diabetics develop DKA? Which ketoacid predominates in the serum?
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This is usually due to increased insulin requirements from increased stress. B-hydroxybutyrate >> acetoacetate in the the serum.
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