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31 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What important gene is at the zone of polarizing and involved in anterior and posterior axis?
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Sonic Hedgehog gene
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Gene produced at the apical ectodermal ridge and needed for organizing along the doral-ventral axis?
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Wnt-7 gene
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What is the Rule of 2s for the 2nd week of development? 3
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2 germ layers: epiblast and hypoblast
2 cavities: amniotic and yolk 2 components to the placenta: cytotrophoblast and syncytiotrophoblast |
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What is the Rule of 3s for the 3rd week of development? 1
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3 germ layers: ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm
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What is the Rule of 4s for the 4th week of development? 2
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4 heart chambers
4 limb buds grow |
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What is a benign Rathke's pouch tumor with cholesterol crystals and calcifications?
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Craniopharyngioma
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What do aminoglycosides do to a fetus?
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CN VIII toxicity.
A mean guy hit the baby in the hear. |
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What effect does warfarin have on the fetus?
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- bone deformitis
- fetal hemorrhage - abortion opthalmologic abnormalities Do not wage warfare on the baby; keep it heppy with heparin. ( Doesn't cross placenta) |
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What supplies the fetus with oxygenated blood from placenta; drains to IVC?
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umbilical vein
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What is the urachal duct and what are 2 abnormalities that involve it?
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3rd wk yolf sac forms the allantois which extends int othe rurogenital sinus. The Allantois becomes the urachus a duct between bladder and yolk sac.
1. Patent urachus - urine discharge from the umbilicus 2. Vesicourachal diverticulum - outpouching of the bladder |
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What is the vitelline duct and what 2 abnormalities?
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also known as the omphalomesenteris duct = connects yolk sac to the midgut lumen.
1. Vitelline Duct Fistula = failure of duct to clsoe => meconium discharges from umbilicus 2. Meckel's diverticulum = partial closure with pain |
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How does the interatrial septum develop? 6
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1. Foramen primum narrows as it grows toward endocardial cushions
2. Septum Primum forms 3. Foramen Secundum forms a hole in Septum Primum 4. Foramen ovale develops 5. Septum secundum develops 6. Foramen ovale closes after birth with INC LA pressure |
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Name where and when fetal erythropoisis occurs?
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1. Yolk sac - 3-8
2. Liver 6-30 3. Spleen 9-28 4. Bone marrow 28 onward Young liver synthesis blood. fetal hemeglobin: alpha2y2 adult: alpha2beta2 |
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What are 3 important fetal shunts to be aware of?
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1. Ductus venosus - blood enter the fetus through the umbilical vein into the IVC and bypass the hepatic circulation
2. Foramen ovale - oxygenated blood from IVC is diverted through the foramen ovale and pumped into the aorta 3. Ductus arteriosus - deoxy blood from the SVC is expelled into this |
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What closes the foramen ovale (now fossa ovalis) and ductus arteriosus?
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First breath dec resistance in pulmonary vasculature causes INC left atrial pressure and foramen ovale closes
INC O2 leads to dec prostanglandins which closes ductus arteriosus |
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WHat does this become?
1. Umbilical vein? 2. Ductus Arteriosus? 3. Urachus? |
1. ligamentum teres hepatis - falciform ligament
2. ductus arteriosus - ligamentum arteriosum 3. urachus - allantoic duct between bladder and umbilicus |
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Posterior fossa malformation with large posterior fossa, absent cerebellar vermis with cystic enlargement of the 4th ventricle => leads to hydrocephalus and spina bifida.
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Dandy-Walker
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Posterior fossa malformation with cerebellar tonsillar herniation through foramen magnum with aqueductal stenosis and hydrocephaly. Often presents with syringomyelia and thoraco-lumbar myelomeningocele...what is it?
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Chiari II
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A pt presents with a cape-like bilateral loss of pain and temp. sensation in upper extremities with preservation of touch...what do they have and why?
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Syringomyelia ( superman wears a cape)
enlargement of central canal of spinal cord |
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What do the 6 aortic arches turn into?
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1. Maxillary artery
2. (s is second) Stapedial and hyoid artery 3. Carotid is the third letter in the alphabet 4. L = aortic arch; R = right subclavian 6. Pulmonary arteries |
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Branchial pouch derivatives? Ear, Tonsils, Bottom to Top.
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1 - ear
2. - tonsils 3 bottom = inferior parathyroid 3 ventral to thymus 4 top superior parathyroids |
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Extrusion of abdominal contents through abds w/o peritoneum is what?
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Gastroschisis - lateral fold defect?
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Guts outside of body through umbilical cord and with peritoneum due to defective lateral fold is what?
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Omphalocele
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An infant presents with cyanosis, choking, and vomiting with feeding. Air bubble are seen on CXR along with a failure to pass an NG tube into the stomach and pneumonitis. What does this pt have?
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Tracheoesophageal fistula
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A 1st born 2wk yo male presents to your office with nonbilious projectile vomiting and a palpable olive mass in his epigastric region...what does he have?
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Congenital pyloric stenosis
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Babies who can't pee develop Potter's syndrome. What is Potter's syndrome?
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Bilateral renal agenesis -> limb deformities, fascial deformities, pulmonary hypoplasia caused by malformation of ureteric bud.
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What gene on the Y chromosome produces testical determining factors?
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SRY and Mullerian inhibitory factor from Sertoli cells
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The Mesonephric or Wolddian duct becomes what?
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male internal structures -> SEED
1. Seminal vesicles 2. Epididymis 3. Ejaculatory duct 4. Ductus Deferens |
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Paramesonephric (Mullerian Duct) Duct becomes what?
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female internal structures
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What deficiency results in male internal genitalia and ambiguous external genitalia until puberty?
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5alpha-reductase deficiency
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hypospadias vs. Epispadias?
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Hypospadias = abnormal penile opening below penis
Epispadias = Top of penis = You hit your EyE when you pEE with Epispadias. |
