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218 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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First aid is the ________ care given to a person
who is injured or suddenly becomes ill |
-temporary
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One of the primary principles of first aid is to ________.
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-activate the EMS system
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You should provide basic life support first to __________
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- the most seriously injured
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If you are alone, you should provide rescue support to a child for ________ before telephoning for help
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-two minutes
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The temporary and immediate care given to a person who is injured or suddenly becomes ill
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- first aid
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The legal obligation to give aid or perform first aid care
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- duty to act
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Duty to act means you have a ________ to give aid.
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- legal obligation
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The reasonable-man test shows that you acted as a normal, prudent person would have acted under the _______
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- same circumstances
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Laws that protect health care personnel and provide guidelines for care
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- Good Samaritan laws
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Acting with carelessness, inattention, disregard, inadvertence, or avoidable oversight
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- negligence
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Did the First aider act the same wat a normal, prudent person with similar training would have acted under the same circumstances?
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- reasonable-man test
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Consent from a victim who is alert, oriented, and able to make an informed decision about his or her care; considered valid if given verbally
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-Actual (or informed) consent
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The assumption that a victim of life-threatening injury or illness would give consent if able
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- implied consent
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_______ means you acted with carelessness inattention,disregard, or oversight
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- negligence
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A disease that can be transmitted from one host (person, animal, or insect)
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- infectious disease
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Precautions taken to prevent exposure to disease, based on the risks and potential risks observed while providing care
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- body substance isolation
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To prevent the risk of bloodborne infection, you should always wear _________ when caring for a victim
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- protective gloves
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Use a _______ when giving mouth to mouth resuscitation
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- pocket mask
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The best protection you have against disease is to ________
after giving treatment |
- wash your hands
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Your first priority at the scene of an accident is _________
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- staying safe
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You should call the fire department in case of ________
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- any fire
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One of the greatest threats to safety from a motor vehicle accident is _______
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- oncoming traffic
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You can touch a downed power line ________
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- only after the power company has turned off the power
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If a victim is hostile, __________
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- call the police
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(T/F) One in five Americans is injured each year
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F
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(T/F) Two important words in a definition of first aid are "immediate and temporary"
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T
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(T/F) Activating the EMS system is an important part of first aid
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T
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(T/F) The first thing to do for an injured person is to control bleeding
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F
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(T/F) One of the main concerns of a First Aider is to prevent added injury or death
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T
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(T/F) You should not activate the EMS system until you have rendered all possible first aid care
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F
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(T/F) A person who receives first aid training is required by law to stop and help at an accident scene
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F
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(T/F) You have to receive a person's consent for treatment before you can render first aid care
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T
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(T/F)A First Aider should take specific precautions against infectious disease
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T
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(T/F)If you wear protective gloves while treating a victim, you dont need to wash your hands
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F
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First aid is the immediate action taken to
a) care for the injured until medical help is available b) supplement proper medical or surgical treatment c) preserve vitality and resistance to disease d) rescue and transport the injured |
a) Care for the injured until medical help is available
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When administering first aid, the condition that should be cared for first is
a) the most painful one b) the most life-threatening one c) the most obvious one d) bleeding |
b) The most life threatening one
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The most correct definition of first aid is
a) immediate care given to someone who is ill or injured b) care fiven in the ambulance c) rescue and transport or ill or injured people d) all the above |
a) Immediate care given to someone who is ill or injured
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Under normal circumstances, the best first contact for help in case of accident is the
a) hospital ER b) first response department c) police or highway patrol d) Emergency Medical Services (EMS) system |
d) Emergency Medical Services (EMS) system
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The reasonable-man test is
a) given to First Aiders to test their skills b) given to First Aiders to test personality traits c) used to ascertain whether a First Aider provided care that was fair, reasonable, and unbiased d) used to ascertain whether a First Aider acted as a normal, prudent person with first aid training would have acted |
d) Used to ascertain whether a First Aider acted as a normal, prudent person with first aid training would have acted
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Infectious diseae is a disease that
a) always causes permanent disability or death b) can be spread from one person to another c) must be reported to state or federal agencies d) cannot be prevented |
b) can be spread from one person to another
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What is some info the dispatchers will need
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- Exact location of the victim
- Phone number to be reached - Info about the victim |
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All body fluids should be considered ______
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- infectious
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A victim with any of the following should be considered infectious:
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- a rash or skin lesion
- an open sore - diarrhea - vomiting - coughing or sneezing - draining or oozing wounds - headache with stiff neck - yellowish skin or eyes |
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What is the most common type of hepatitis; a viral infection of the liver ?
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- Hepatitis B
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What virus can also lead to permanent liver damage or cancer of the liver ?
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- Hepatitis C
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What virus suppresses the immune system and interferes with the body's ability to defend itself against other diseases ?
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- HIV
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What is a cell?
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- basic unit of all living tissue
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What is a group of organs that work together to perform a specific function?
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- System
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What deals with the structure of the body and the relationship of its parts to each other?
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- Anatomy
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What is Physiology?
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- deals with the function of the living body and its parts
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Standing erect with the arms down at the sides, the palms facing forward
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- anatomical position
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Lying face up on the back
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- supine position
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Lying face down on the stomach
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- prone position
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Lying on the right or left side with the lower arm in front of the body, with the head dependent; also known as the recovery, or coma, position
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- Lateral recumbent position
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Extend the arm, logroll the victim on his side, rest his head on the extended arm, bend the knees to stabilize his body
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- Modified HAINES recovery position
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Above, or higher than, a point of reference
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-Superior
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Below, or lower than, a point of reference
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- inferior
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Toward the front
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- anterior
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Toward the back
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- posterior
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Toward the midline (center) of the body
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- medial
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To the right or left of the midline (center) of the body; away from the midline
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- lateral
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Near the surface
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- superficial
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Remote from the surface
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- deep
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Inside
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- internal
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External
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- outside
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Bones are held together by ______
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- ligaments
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What connects muscle to bone ?
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- Tendons
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What are bones richly supplied by ?
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- nerves and blood vessels
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What is the largest opening called at the bottom of the skull?
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- foramen magnum
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How many bones does the spinal column(vertebrae) contain?
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- thirty three
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The spinal cord is responsible for carrying impulses _____________
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- to and away from the brain
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What are the five sections of the spinal column ?
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1) Cervical
2) Thoracic 3) Lumbar 4) Sacrum 5) Coccyx |
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What bone is the longest and strongest of the body?
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- femur
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______ is the strongest joint of the body
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- knee
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Voluntary muscle ?
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- Skeletal Muscle
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Involuntary muscle ?
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- Smooth Muscle
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To fit into each other
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- articulate
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Fracture
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- a break in the bone
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Muscle that is under direct voluntary control of the brain
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- skeletal muscle
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The muscles found in the walls of the internal organs and blood vessels; generally not under voluntary control
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- smooth muscle
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Smooth muscle over which a person has no voluntary or conscious control
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- involuntary muscle
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The muscle that makes up the heart
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- cardiac muscle
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Smallest branches of an artery
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- arterioles
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Smallest branches of a vein
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- venules
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What carries oxygen-depleted blood back to the heart ?
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- Veins
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____________ supply oxygenated blood and nutrients to the heart
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- Coronary arteries
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Where can major pulses be felt?
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- wrist (thumb side)
- upper arm (btwn bicep & tricep) - thigh (femoral) - ankle (posterior tibial) - neck (carotid) |
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What is blood composed of ?
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- Red Blood Cells
- White Blood Cells - Platelets - Plasma |
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Red Blood Cells are responsible for __________
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- carrying oxygen to the tissues and cells throughout the body
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White Blood Cells play a role in _______
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- fighting infections
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Platelets are a component in ________
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- clotting process
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What is the liquid portion of the blood that is responsible for suspending and transporting the RBC, WBC, and platelets ?
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- plasma
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The mechanical process of moving (breathing) air into and out of the lungs
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- ventilation
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The act of breathing in (inspiration), or the drawing or air or other gases into the lungs
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- inhalation
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The act of breathing in (inhalation)
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- inspiration
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Exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the lungs and in the cells
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- respiration
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What is the average breathing rate at rest in adults, children, and infants ?
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~ 12-20 bpm
~ 15-30 bpm ~ 25-50 bpm |
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(T/F) In the supine position, the victim is lying face down
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- False
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(T/F) The location of a joint determines how much it is able to move
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- False
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(T/F) Smooth muscle is also known as voluntary muscle
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- False
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(T/F) Cardiac muscle can generate its own impulse to contract even without the nervous system
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- True
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(T/F) An important function of the skin is to regulate body temp.
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- True
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Because of the possibility of severe blood loss, a fracture of what bone
would be considered a critical injury ? a) cranium b) pelvis c) fibula d) tarsals |
b) pelvis
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Which is an example of an involuntary muscle ?
a) eye muscle b) intestinal muscle c) heart muscle d) leg muscle |
b) intestinal muscle
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The mechanical process of moving air into and out of the lungs is known as ?
a) inhalation b) ventilation c) respiration d) exhalation |
b) ventilation
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Which system permits the body to eliminate certain waste materials filtered from the blood ?
a) endocrine system b) lymphatic system c) exocrine system d) urinary system |
d) urinary system
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The peripheral nervous system is made up of
a) nerves within the spinal cord b) special ganglia within the cerebrum c) the pons and medulla d) nerves located outside the brain and spinal cord |
d) nerves located outside the brain and spinal cord
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Which of the following is the outer layer of the skin?
a) dermis b) sebaceous gland c) endodermis d) epidermis |
d) epidermis
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A victim lying flat, with face up, is in which position?
a) lateral recumbent b) anatomical c) prone d) supine |
d) supine
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The front of the body is also referred to as
a) anterior b) medial c) posterior d) lateral |
a) anterior
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A system of sorting victims into categories by treatment priority
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- triage
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What are the three C's ?
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- Competence
- Confidence - Compassion |
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What is Cyanosis?
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- bluish discoloration from lack of oxygen
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What is "ABCD's" ?
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- Airway
- Breathing - Circulation - Disability |
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The pulse at the wrist on the thumb side
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- radial pulse
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The pulse at the groove on either side of the neck
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- Carotid pulse
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What is the most common air blockage ?
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- tongue
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Things you can observe about the victim, such as bleeding
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- signs
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Things the victim describes to you, such as abdominal pain
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- symptoms
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What may "Paleness" (whitetone) be caused by ?
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- shock, poor circulation, or heart attack
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What may "Redness" be caused by ?
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- high blood pressure, spinal cord injury, alchohol abuse, sunburn, heat stroke, fever, or infectious disease
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What may "Blueness" (cyanosis" be caused by ?
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- suffocation, lack of oxygen, heart attack, or poisoning
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Where does cyanosis usually appear first?
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- fingertips and around the mouth
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List what each letter means:
D O T S |
- Deformity
- Open wounds - Tenderness - Swelling |
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(T/F) if a choking person is unable to speak, you should assume the emergecy is life threatening
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True
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(T/F) when resuscitating infants or small children, use more frequent, less powerful puffs of air into the mouth and nose simultaneously
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True
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(T/F) to check the effectiveness of artificial ventilation, you should watch to make sure the stomach is bulging
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False
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(T/F) An adult victim should be given one breath every 8 to 9 seconds
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False
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(T/F) You should do artificial ventilation for only as long as 30 minutes; after that, it is no good if the victim has not responded
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False
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(T/F) Barrier devices help prevent disease transmission from victim to rescuer
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True
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The purpose of artificial ventilation is to
A) prevent the tongue from being swallowed B) provide a method of air- exchange C) clear an upper-airway obstruction D) clear a lower-airway obstruction |
B) provide a method of air exchange
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Which of the following combination of techniques is appropriate for an infant with a complete obstruction ?
A) head-tilt/chin lift, abdominal thrusts B) back slaps, abdominal thrusts C) back slaps, chest thrusts D) no action, observe until EMS arrives |
C) back slaps, chest thrusts
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You can tell you are performing mouth-to-mouth or mouth-to-mask ventilation correctly if you can
A) see the victims chest rise and fall B) Feel resistance as you blow air in C)feel air escaping from the victims mouth as he/she exhales D) all of the above |
A) see the victims chest rise and fall
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When you are giving mouth-to-mouth resuscitation, you should
A) hold the victims nostrils closed while breathing into the mouth B) avoid touching the nostrils unless cardiopulmonary resuscitation is being given at the same time C) pinch the nostrils as you lift your mouth from the victims mouth D) keep nostrils open |
A) hold the victims nostrils closed while breathing into the mouth
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The preferable method of opening the airway is the
A) jaw thrust B) neck lift/ jaw thrust C) head tilt / jaw thrust D) head tilt / chin lift |
D) head tilt chin lift
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The artificial ventilation rate for an infant is
A) once every 3 seconds B) once every second C) once every 5 seconds D) 12-20 breaths per minute |
A) once every 3 seconds
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The most common source of upper-airway obstruction is
A) fluid B) food C) the tongue D) swelling |
C) the tongue
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The most reliable indication of a blocked airway in a conscious person is
A) the inability to talk B) a compression accident C) partially digested food in the mouth D) cherry-red skin |
A) the inability to talk
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(T/F) Chest compression on an adult man should depress the sternum less than 2 inches
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False
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(T/F) The best way to find out if a person has stopped breathing is to check the carotid pulse
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False
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(T/F) You should start chest compressions as soon as you find out the victim is not breathing adequately and is unresponsive
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False
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(T/F) For adult CPR, proper hand placement on the chest is two finger widths above the xiphoid process
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True
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(T/F) When performing one-rescuer CPR, deliver compressions at the rate of 60 per minute
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False
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(T/F) The compression rate for infants is atleast 100 per minute
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True
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(T/F) Determine heartbeat in an infant by palpating the brachial pulse
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True
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The correct hand position for administering CPR to an infant is
A) two fingers above the substernal notch B) at the base of the sternum C) in the lower third of the sternum D) two fingers placed just below an imaginary line drawn between the nipples |
D) two fingers placed just below an imaginary line drawn between the nipples
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After each chest compression, your hands should
A) come completely off the chest B) apply a small amount of pressure on the chest C) rest on the chest in the normal CPR position D) none of the above |
C) rest on the chest in the normal CPR position
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If you are alone and giving CPR, you should give _______ compressions at a rate of at least
A) 80 per minute B) 100 per minute C) 120 per minute D) 160 per minute |
B) 100 per minute
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Basic life support is best described as
A) recognizing cardiac arrest and providing artificial circulation B) checking for breathing and applying rescue breathing C) checking for heartbeat and applying artificial circulation D) checking for heartbeat and applying rescue breathing |
A) recognizing cardiac arrest and providing artificial circulation
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CPR must begin when a need for it is recognized an must continue until all of the following occur EXCEPT
A) the victim is declared dead by the first aider B) the victim is resuscitated C) the rescuer can no longer go on D) a qualified medical person takes over |
A) the victim is declared dead by the first aider
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To check the carotid pulse for circulation, as a health care provider,
A) use your thumb B) take the pulse on the opposite side of the trachea so that you can feel air exchange in the trachea C) check the pulse with your fingertips after you give two full rescue breaths D) none of the above |
C) check the pulse with your fingertips after you give two full rescue breaths
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You should periodically stop and check to see whether the heartbeat has returned by
A) checking the pupils B) assessing for signs of life C) listening for a heartbeat with a stethoscope D) never stop CPR unless the victim is obviously revived |
B) assessing for signs of life
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(T/F) Elevation is the first step in controlling bleeding
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False
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(T/F) blood from a vein flows in spurts with each heartbeat
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False
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(T/F) Bleeding from capillaries rarely clots spontaneously
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False
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(T/F) A victim with internal bleeding can develop life-threatening shock before the bleeding is apparent
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True
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(T/F) a completely severed artery can sometimes constrict and seal itself off
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True
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(T/F) internal bleeding usually results from blunt trauma or fractures
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True
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(T/F) normally, the lower extremities should be elevated to treat for shock
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True
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(T/F) During shock, the oxygen supply is decreased because the heart needs less oxygen
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False
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(T/F) losing fluid from the circulatory system is one of the primary causes of shock
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True
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(T/F) Give a shock victim fluids if he/she is conscious
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False
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Which of the following is the best method for controlling severe bleeding and should be applied first ?
A) elevation B) pressure point C) direct pressure D) tourniquet |
C) direct pressure
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List the three methods of controlling bleeding in order
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1) direct pressure at the wound
2) elevation 3) tourniquet |
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What condition may cause a person to bleed to death from a minor wound?
A) anemia B) leukemia C) hypochondria D) hemophilia |
D) hemophilia
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Do not try to stop a nosebleed if to suspect
A) a broken nose B) a fractured skull C) a fractured jaw D) high blood pressure |
b) a fractured skull
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A victim with a nosebleed should
A) lean forward and then pinch the nostrils to apply pressure B) blow the nose until the bleeding stops C) tilt the head back or lie flat while applying pressure to the bridge of the nose D) lean forward, pack the nostrils, and apply heat |
a) lean firward and then pinch the nostrils to apply pressure
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(T/F) Always thoroughly clean a wond before dressing and bandaging it
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False
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(T/F) Avulsed parts or flaps of skin should not be folded back into place; this causes more contamination
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False
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(T/F) Nine out of ten animal bites are inflicted by dogs
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True
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(T/F) Do not attempt to remove objects embedded in a wound
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True
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(T/F) Proper handling of a severed body part may allow it to be reattaches successfully
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True
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(T/F) Always break or cut off an impaled object before the victim is transported
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False
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(T/F) Objects impaled in the neck should be removed
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False
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(T/F) Objects impaled in the cheek should rarely be removed
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False
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(T/F) Be patient with clamping injuries of the finger - the longer a finger is stuck, the easier it will be to remove
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False
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What type of wound has as its greatest danger severe bleeding and cut tendons and nerves?
a) incision b) laceration c) contusion d) puncture |
A) incision
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An open wound characterized by jagged skin edges and free bleeding is a/an
a) laceration b) incision c) contusion d) puncture |
A) laceration
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What type of wound has the greatrest danger of infection?
a) incision b) laceration c) contusion d) puncture |
D) puncture
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When a puncture wound is caused by an impaled object,
a) remove the object, and cover the wound with a sterile dressing b) stabilize the object with a bulky dressing c) apply slight pressure on the object to control bleeding d) always shorten the object so that it will be easier to move the victim |
B) stabilize the object with a bulky dressing
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A serious injury in which large flaps of skin and tissues are torn loose or pulled off is called an
a) abrasion b) amputation c) avulsion d) incision |
C) avulsion
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Most clamping injuries involve the
a) hands b) feet c) arms d) legs |
A) hands
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What type of wound has as its greatest danger severe bleeding and cut tendons and nerves?
a) incision b) laceration c) contusion d) puncture |
A) incision
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An open wound characterized by jagged skin edges and free bleeding is a/an
a) laceration b) incision c) contusion d) puncture |
A) laceration
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What type of wound has the greatrest danger of infection?
a) incision b) laceration c) contusion d) puncture |
D) puncture
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When a puncture wound is caused by an impaled object,
a) remove the object, and cover the wound with a sterile dressing b) stabilize the object with a bulky dressing c) apply slight pressure on the object to control bleeding d) always shorten the object so that it will be easier to move the victim |
B) stabilize the object with a bulky dressing
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A serious injury in which large flaps of skin and tissues are torn loose or pulled off is called an
a) abrasion b) amputation c) avulsion d) incision |
C) avulsion
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Most clamping injuries involve the
a) hands b) feet c) arms d) legs |
A) hands
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(T/F) Both eyes should be bandaged if a foreign object is lodged in just one eye
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TRUE
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(T/F) It is always best to try gently to remove an object lodged in the eyeball
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FALSE
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(T/F) If a victim has a chemical burn of the eye, the eye should be irrigated for approximately five minutes
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FALSE
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(T/F) Never force the eyelids open in an attempt to irrigate a chemical burn
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FALSE
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(T/F) Never use cold compresses on injuries to the globe
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FALSE
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(T/F) If the eyelids do not cover the eyeball in a lid injury, use a light, moist dressing to prevent drying
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TRUE
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(T/F) Do not try to remove contact lenses, especially in a chemical burn
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FALSE
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(T/F) Do not remove blood or blood clots from the eye
|
TRUE
|
|
|
(T/F) A victim of trauma to the mouth and face should have the head and neck immobilized
|
TRUE
|
|
|
(T/F) If you find a missing tooth, scrub it thoroughly, and pack it in ice
|
FALSE
|
|
|
___________ If foreign body in the eye
|
Flush the eye with clean water
|
|
|
__________ If injury to the eye sockets
|
Check all possible eye movement
|
|
|
___________ If Lid injuries
|
Cover eyes with sterile, moist dressing
|
|
|
___________ If eyeball injuries
|
Cover the eyes with a light dressing (moist)
|
|
|
_________ If chemical burns
|
Irrigate continuously for at least thirty minutes
|
|
|
___________ If object impaled in the eye
|
Position a cup or cone over the injured eye; then bandage
|
|
|
(T/F) Traumatic asphyxia occurs from sudden compression of the chest wall
|
TRUE
|
|
|
(T/F) Flail chest most often occurs when two or more adjacent ribs are broken in two or more places
|
TRUE
|
|
|
(T/F) In paradoxial movement, the injured chest wall moves in, and the uninjured chest wall moves out
|
TRUE
|
|
|
(T/F) Stabilize a flail chest qith pads or a pillow
|
TRUE
|
|
|
(T/F) Position a flail chest victim so that the flail segment is not against any external support
|
FALSE
|
|
|
(T/F) Do not tape the ribs or use continuous strapping on a flail chest victim
|
TRUE
|
|
|
(T/F) Common signs and symptoms of abdominal injury include slow, shallow breathing and rapid pulse
|
FALSE
|
|
|
(T/F) Do not remove penetrating or impaled objects from the abdomen
|
TRUE
|
|
|
(T/F) Most hernias occur in or just below the groin
|
FALSE
|
|
|
(T/F) A dull, pulsating pain is the most common symptom of a hernia
|
FALSE
|
|
|
_________ If air enters the chest cavity through a sucking wound
|
Open pneumothorax
|
|
|
________ If Blood leaks into the pleural space and allows the lung to collapse
|
Hemothorax
|
|
|
_______ If Air pressure collapses the injured lung and compresses the heart, uninjured lung, and large vessels in the chest
|
Tension pneumothorax
|
|
|
__________ If Sudden compression of the chest wall disturbs ventilation and blood flow
|
Traumatic asphyxia
|
