First Aid Biochem 1

Front 1

DNA polymerase III vs I

Back 1

III--5'->3' synthesis, 3'->5' exonuclease (proofread); I--degrades RNA primer (5'->3' exonuclease), fills in gap w/DNA

Hint 1

None

Front 2

nucleotide excision repair vs base excision repair

Back 2

nuc--releases damaged OLIGOnucleotides (ex, in XP); base--specific glycosylases recognize and remove damaged BASES

Front 3

alpha-amanitin

Back 3

poison from a mushroom; inhibits euk RNA pol II (mRNA); initially GI problems, rapidly results in death

Front 4

different RNAs of the euk RNA polymerases

Back 4

RNA pol I--rRNA; RNA pol ii--mRNA; RNA pol III--tRNA

Front 5

mRNA stop codons

Back 5

UGA, UAG, UAA

Front 6

site where negative gene expression regulators bind

Back 6

operator

Front 7

amino acid binds to which end of tRNA?

Back 7

3' end (CCA end)

Front 8

I cell dz

Back 8

failure of addition of mannose-6-phosphate to lysosome enzymes-->enzymes secreted outside cell; get coarse facial features, clouded corneas, restricted jnt movement, high plasma lysosomal enzymes; often fatal in childhood

Front 9

vesicular trafficking protein--COPI-->

Back 9

retrograde, Golgi->ER

Front 10

vesicular trafficking protein COPII--> ?

Back 10

anterograde, RER->cis-Golgi

Front 11

vesicular trafficking protein clathrin--> ?

Back 11

trans-Golig-> lysosome, plasma membrane-> endosomes

Front 12

type III collagen

Back 12

reticulin; in skin, blood vessels, uterus, fetal tissue, granulation tissue. Most common type of Ehrlos-Danlers involves this

Front 13

type IV collagen found where?

Back 13

basement membrane, basal lamina

Front 14

steps of collagen synthesis

Back 14

1. synthesis of preprocollagen (rER); 2. hydroxylation (ER, requires vit C); 3. glycosylation (Golgi); 4. exocytosis (still as procollagen); 5. proteolytic processing (tropocollagen); 6. crosslinking (lysyl oxidase, collagen fibrils)

Front 15

which type of osteogenesis imperfecta is fatal in utero or in neonate?

Back 15

type II

Front 16

vimentin stains?

Back 16

connective tissue

Front 17

desmin stains?

Back 17

muscle

Front 18

cytokeratin stains?

Back 18

epithelial cells

Front 19

all enzymes except 1 of TCA are WHERE and where/what is the exception?

Back 19

all but succinate DH are in mitochondrial MATRIX; succinate DH is in inner mitochondrial membrane (along with ETC)

Front 20

irreversible enzymes in gluconeogenesis (4)

Back 20

pyruvate carboxylase (mit; pyruvate->oxaloacetate); PEP carboxykinase (cyt; oxalo->PEP); F1,6BPase (cyt; F1,6BP->F6P); G6Pase (er, G6P->glucose)

Front 21

most potent activator of PFK? (rate limiter of glycolysis)

Back 21

F2,6BP (overrides inhibition by ATP, citrate)

Front 22

what are the only purely ketogenic amino acids?

Back 22

lysine, leucine

Front 23

how much ATP produced per acetyl CoA in TCA cycle?

Back 23

12 (3/NADH, 2/FADH2, 1/GTP)

Front 24

what is rotenone

Back 24

fish poison that complexes with NADH DH (complex I of ETC); NADH accumulates; but can still get electrons into ETC from FADH2

Front 25

what is antimycin A?

Back 25

abx that blocks passage of electrons through cytochrome b-c1 complex (ETC)

Front 26

why is cyanide poisonous?

Back 26

combines with cytochrome oxidase and blocks electrons->O2 in ETC; (CO does this also)

Front 27

what is dinitrophenol (2,4DNP)?

Back 27

ionophore that uncouples ETC

Front 28

what is the enzyme of the irrerversible/oxidative reaction of PPP (HMP shunt)?

Back 28

glucose phosphate DH

Front 29

what is the enzyme of the reversible/nonoxidative reaction in PPP (HMP shunt)?

Back 29

transketolase (requires thiamine)

Front 30

essential fructosuria

Back 30

defect in fructokinase (F->F1P); however, this is benign and asymptomatic, only get fructose in blood and urine

Front 31

aldolase B deficiency--> ?

Back 31

(AR) fructose intolerance; F1P accumulates and decreases available phosphate. This inhibits glycogenolysis, gluconeogenesis; get hypoglycemia, jaundice, cirrhosis, vomiting

Front 32

which 5 essential amino acids are glucogenic?

Back 32

met, thr, val, arg, his
(Argh, This Here Mnemonic is Vile)

Hint 32

None

Front 33

which essential amino acids are glucogenic and ketogenic?

Back 33

Ile, Phe, Trp

Front 34

Phe is precursor for?

Back 34

tyrosine, thyroxine, DOPA, melanin, DA, NE, Epi

Front 35

Tryptophan is precursor for?

Back 35

niacin, serotonin, melatonin

Front 36

glycine is precursos for?

Back 36

porphyrin; (succinyl CoA+ glycine-> ALA, via ALA synthetase)

Hint 36

None

Front 37

arginine is precursor for?

Back 37

creatine, NO, urea

Front 38

glutamate is precursor for?

Back 38

GABA, your mom

Front 39

cystinuria is inherited defect for renal transport of which amino acids?

Back 39

cystine, ornithine, lysine, arginine

Front 40

which GLUT is insulin responsive?

Back 40

GLUT 4 (adipose, sk mm)

Front 41

which GLUT is in RBCs, brain?

Back 41

GLUT 1

Front 42

GLUT 2 is where?

Back 42

beta islet cells, liver, kidney

Front 43

which enzyme affected in a)Pb poisoning b) AIP c) PCT

Back 43

a)ferrochelatase, ALA dehydrase; b) porphobilinogen deaminase (formerly known as: uroporphyrinogen I synthase); c) uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase

Hint 43

None