First Aid

Front 1

Sunburn

Back 1

Symptoms: Redness, Swelling, and Blistering of skin
Prevention: Shade, SPF 15+, Hat with brim, Sunglasses with UV protection
Treatment:Cool wet Towels on skin, Cool skin and keep it moist

Front 2

Dehydration

Back 2

The body does not take in enough fluids to replace the loss of fluids.
Symptoms: Thirst, loss of appetite, nausea, drymouth, dizziness, headache, difficulty breathing, skin turns bluish, poor speech, inablity to walk, cramping legs and stomach
Prevention: Drink Water, Aviod Caffenee, Alchol
Treatment: Remove from heat and sun, seek prompt medical attention

Front 3

Heat Rash

Back 3

Rash on the skin, Caused by working in hot humid climates, it is the break down of the body ablity to perspire and use evaporative cooling
Symptoms: red lesions, skin irritation, iching
Prevention: Rotate Crew members
Treatment: remove from heat, aply cool wet towels

Front 4

Heat Cramps

Back 4

Heat cramps are painful contractions caused by excessive salt and water depletion.
Sypmtoms:The victim’s legs will be drawn up into the fetal position and excessive sweating will occur. The victim may grimace and cry out in pain.
Prevention: Drink water
Treatment: Move to cool area lie in comfortable position, Drink water

Front 5

Heat Exhaustion

Back 5

In heat exhaustion, sweat does not evaporate as it should, possibly because of high humidity or too many layers of clothing. As a result, the body is not cooled effectively.
Symptons: collapses and sweats profusely, pale skin, a pounding heart, nausea, headache, acts restless.
Prevention: Drink Water
Treatment: First Aid, immediate seek medical care for the person

Front 6

Heat stroke

Back 6

Heat stroke is a major medical emergency and results from the complete breakdown of the body’s sweating and heat regulatory mechanisms.
Symptons:Red hot dry skin, body temp above 105, headache, weak rapid pulse,confussion, lack of coordination
Prevention: Drink Water
Treatment: Carefully remove the victim to a cooler environment and seek medical assistance immediatly (heat stroke is an immediate threat to life!!)

Front 7

Shock

Back 7

Shock is a depressed physiological or mental state.
Some events that typically cause shock are:
• Trauma (bleeding, blunt (e.g., a fall, being struck by a blunt object, etc.), fractures, and burns).
• Allergic reactions.
• Hypothermia.
• Drugs.
• Toxins.
• Heart attack.
• Illnesses such as diabetes.
• Emotional.

Front 8

Common Symptoms of Shock

Back 8

Strong signs and symptoms of shock can be identified by skin color, pulse rate, monitoring respiration, and a victim’s level of consciousness.

Sweaty Cool Pale skin
Restlessness Nervousness
Thirst
Weak rapid pulse
dialated pupils
Irregular breathing
Conscious?

Front 9

Shock Treatment

Back 9

• Check for “medic alert” or other information tags.
• Obtain history for medical problems.
• Notify Station or Group to obtain help and transport as advised.
• Provide specific treatment if advised and trained to do so.
• If there is not a head injury or breathing trouble, place victim flat on back and elevate the lower extremities about 8 to 10 inches. Be careful of any other injuries.
• Perform cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), if indicated and trained to provide.
• Warm with blankets. If hot, do not warm.
• If conscious, moisten lips, if requested.
• Do not allow patient to eat or drink.
• Never give alcohol.
• Handle gently.

Front 10

Anaphylactic shock

Back 10

Anaphylactic shock is a rapid, extreme allergic reaction.
caused by eating fish or shellfish, ingesting particular types of berries or oral drugs such as penicillin. Insect stings from yellow jackets, hornets, wasps, etc., injected drugs, exercise, cold, and inhaled substances such as pollen or dust may also cause sensitivity reactions.

Front 11

Signs of Anaphylactic shock

Back 11

• Skin: itching, hives (raised rash), flushing (redness).
• Swelling of lips, tongue, feet, throat, hands.
• Respiratory tract: wheezing, shortness of breath, coughing.
• Gastrointestinal: nausea and vomiting, abdominal cramps, diarrhea.
• Headache.
• Altered mental status.
• Loss of consciousness.

Front 12

Treatment of Anaphylactic shock

Back 12

shock can be very serious resulting in death within a few minutes.
epinephrine kit (if avialbe)
Treat like shock

Front 13

Direct Pressure Method

Back 13

the palm of a gloved hand should be placed over the wound,
injury should be raised so that it is at a level higher than the heart,
use pressure points if this does not control bleeding

Front 14

Tourniquet 1

Back 14

Place the tourniquet two to three inches above the wound, but not touching the wound edges. If the wound is in a joint area or just below a joint, place the tourniquet directly above the joint.

Front 15

Tourniquet 2

Back 15

Wrap the tourniquet band tightly around the limb twice and secure it in place.

Front 16

Tourniquet 3

Back 16

Attach a note to the victim giving the location of the tourniquet and the time that it was applied. Always leave the tourniquet exposed to view. If it is not possible to attach a note, write the letter “T” on the patient’s forehead with a grease pen, lipstick, or other suitable marker, and show the time it was applied.

Front 17

Tourniquet 4

Back 17

After making the decision, and applying a tourniquet, DO NOT LOOSEN IT.

Front 18

Tourinquet 5

Back 18

Continue to treat for shock and obtain medical attention IMMEDIATELY.

Front 19

Tourniquet Quick

Back 19

place above wound 2", wrap around limb twice, denote on victim time, DO NOT LOOSEN, MEDICAL ATTENTION ASAP!!!

Front 20

First Degree Burn

Back 20

Mildest, only outer layer of skin, redness, tenderness, warmth, mild pain

Front 21

Second Degree Burn

Back 21

thourgh all outer layers of skin and some inner layers, enough to prevent rapid regeneration, severe pain, redness, blisters, warmth

Front 22

Third Degree Burn

Back 22

penetrate all layers of skin, destroying inner and outer layers,color from white/lifless to chared/black, scaring of tissue, requires skin grafts and months of healing

Front 23

Minor burn Treatment

Back 23

• Immerse in cool water until pain is relieved.
• Flush chemical burns for a least 20 minutes.
• Cover with clean or sterile dressing.
• Do not break open any blisters.
• Cover with a dry, sterile, non-adhesive dressing.
• For deep second-degree burns, follow the procedures for third-degree burns.

Front 24

Severe Burn Treatment

Back 24

• Cover the burn to reduce exposure to air.
• Cool the burn.
• Do not remove clothing unless smoldering.
• Treat for shock even if not apparent.
• Always obtain medical care.
• Monitor the patient’s airway.
• Assess vital signs every 5 minutes.
• Give nothing to eat or drink.
• Do not place ice on the burn.
• Do not apply ointments to the burn.
• Burns of the respiratory tract are always a medical emergency.

Front 25

Chemical Burns treatment

Back 25

Flush eyes/skin for twenty minutes with lots of water, first aid for shock,if chemical is a powder brush off before flushing

Front 26

Signs and symptoms of Hypothermia

Back 26

• Cold skin.
• May simulate or accompany shock.
• Low body temperature.
• Low blood pressure.
• Shivering.
• Clouded mental capacity (may seem disoriented).
• Slow and labored breathing.
• Weak and slow pulse (may be irregular or absent).
• Dilated pupils.
• Slurred speech (may seem intoxicated).

Front 27

Treatment for Hypothermia

Back 27

Aviod rough handling, CPR if needed, Activate EMS, Lay Face up, watch breathing, if blankets available remove wet clothing, don't get anything orally, do not rub frozen areas, treat for shock.
Hypothermia patients are very prone to burns. Hot packs, heating pads, and
hot water bottles may cause third degree burns and must be administered
with extreme care.

Front 28

Factors that increase the possibility of hypothermia

Back 28

• Prolonged exposure to cold-water temperatures.
• Sea spray.
• Air temperature.
• Wind chill.

Front 29

Preventative measures used to increase the chances for cold water survival

Back 29

• Put on as much warm clothing as possible, making sure to cover head, neck, hands and feet.
• If the hypothermia protective clothing does not have inherent flotation, put on a PFD.
• Avoid entering the water if possible. If it is necessary to jump into the water, hold elbows close to sides, cover nose and mouth with one hand while holding the wrist or elbow firmly with the other hand.
• Before entering the water, button up clothing, turn on signal lights (only at night), locate your survival whistle and make any other preparations for rescue.