First Aid

Front 1

What is Self Aid?

Back 1

Emergency treatment one applies to oneself

Front 2

How many pressure points, which can be used to control bleeding with fingers, thumbs or
hands are there on the human body?

Back 2

11

Front 3

What is the object of first aid?

Back 3

1. To stop bleeding
2. Overcome shock
3. Relieve pain
4. Prevent infection

Front 4

What FM covers first aid for Soldiers?

Back 4

FM 4-25.11

Front 5

What is First Aid?

Back 5

It is the first care given to casualties before treatment by medical personnel can be made
available

Front 6

When would you not remove a casualty’s clothing to expose a wound?

Back 6

If in a chemical environment or if the clothing is stuck to the wound

Front 7

What Soldiers are most likely to suffer heat injuries?

Back 7

Soldiers not accustomed to the heat, overweight Soldiers, prior heat casualties, and Soldiers
already dehydrated due to alcohol use, diarrhea, or lack of water (insufficient use of)

Front 8

How high should an injured limb be elevated above the heart to control bleeding?

Back 8

2 to 4 inches

Front 9

What are the lifesaving steps? (The ABC's of medical treatment)

Back 9

1. Open the airway and restore breathing
2. Stop the bleeding / Protect the wound
3. Prevent shock

Front 10

When applying splint, where should the bandages be tied?

Back 10

The bandages should be tied with knots against the splint

Front 11

How should the ends of an improved pressure dressing be tied?

Back 11

Tie the ends together in a nonslip knot, directly over the wound site. DO NOT tie so tightly that it
has a tourniquet-like effect.

Front 12

What is manual pressure?

Back 12

If bleeding continues after applying the sterile field dressing, direct manual pressure may be used
to help control bleeding. Apply such pressure by placing a hand on the dressing and exerting firm
pressure for 5 to 10 minutes. The casualty may be asked to do this himself if he is conscious and
can follow instructions.

Front 13

Should a casualty be given water to drink?

Back 13

The casualty should not eat or drink

Front 14

Why should you dress and bandage the wound as soon as possible?

Back 14

To protect the wound from further contamination of germs, and also to control the bleeding

Front 15

What should you do to indicate that a casualty has received a tourniquet?

Back 15

Mark his or her forehead with a T and if possible, note the time of the application of the tourniquet

Front 16

Where is a tourniquet applied?

Back 16

Place the tourniquet around the limb, between the wound and the body trunk (or between the
wound and the heart). Never place it directly over a wound, a fracture, or joint. Tourniquets, for
maximum effectiveness, should be placed on the upper arm or above the knee on the thigh.

Front 17

How can you prevent athlete's foot?

Back 17

Keep your feet clean, use foot powder and change socks daily

Front 18

Name 3 categories of heat injuries

Back 18

1. Heat cramps
2. Heat exhaustion
3. Heat stroke

Front 19

What are the signs and symptoms of heat cramps?

Back 19

1. Cramping in the extremities (arms and legs)
2. Abdominal cramps (stomach)
3. Excessive sweating

Front 20

What is the treatment for heat cramps?

Back 20

1. Move the casualty to a cool, shady area or improvise shade if none is available.
2. Loosen his clothing (if not in a chemical environment)
3. Have him slowly drink at least one canteen full of water. (The body absorbs cool water faster than
warm or cold water; therefore, cool water is preferred if it is available.)
4. Seek medical assistance should cramps continue.

Front 21

What are the signs and symptoms of heat exhaustion?

Back 21

1. Excessive sweating with pale, moist, cool skin
2. Headache
3. Weakness
4. Dizziness
5. Loss of appetite
6. Cramping
7. Nausea (with or without vomiting)
8. Urge to defecate
9. Chills (Gooseflesh)
10. Rapid breathing
11. Tingling of hands/feet
12. Confusion

Front 22

What would the treatment be for heat exhaustion?

Back 22

1. Move the casualty to a cool, shady area or improvise shade if none is available.
2. Loosen or remove his clothing and boots (unless in a chemical environment); pour water on him
and fan him.
3. Have him slowly drink at least one canteen of water.
4. Elevate his legs.
5. If possible, the casualty should not participate in strenuous activity for the remainder of the day.
6. Monitor the casualty until the symptoms are gone, or medical assistance arrives.

Front 23

What are the signs and symptoms of heat stroke?

Back 23

1. Skin is red, hot and dry
2. Weakness
3. Dizziness
4. Confusion
5. Headaches
6. Seizures
7. Nausea
8. Stomach pains or cramps
9. Respiration and pulse may be rapid and weak.
10. Unconsciousness and collapse may occur suddenly.

Front 24

What would the treatment be for heat stroke?

Back 24

Cool casualty immediately by—
1. Moving him to a cool, shady area or improvising shade if none is available.
2. Loosening or removing his clothing (except in a chemical environment).
3. Spraying or pouring water on him; fanning him to permit the coolant effect of evaporation.
4. Massaging his extremities and skin, which increases the blood flow to those body areas, thus
aiding the cooling process.
5. Elevating his legs.
6. Having him slowly drink at least one canteen full of water if he is conscious.
7. Seek medical assistance immediately

Front 25

If a casualty were suspected of having a neck/spinal injury or severe head trauma, which
method would you use for opening an airway?

Back 25

The jaw thrust technique, because in most cases it can be done without extending the neck

Front 26

What are two basic types of fractures?

Back 26

1. Open (compound)
2. Closed (simple)

Front 27

What are some signs of an open fracture?

Back 27

 Bleeding.
 Bones sticking through the skin.
 Check for pulse.

Front 28

What are some signs of a closed fracture?

Back 28

 Swelling.
 Discoloration.
 Deformity.
 Unusual body position.
 Check for pulse.

Front 29

With an open fracture, what should you do first?

Back 29

Stop the bleeding

Front 30

What is the basic proven principle in splinting fractures?

Back 30

"Splint them where they lie"

Front 31

How tight should tourniquet be?

Back 31

Tightened until the bright red bleeding has stopped.

Front 32

What are the three types of bleeding?

Back 32

1. Arterial- Blood is bright red and will spurt with each heart beat
2. Venous- Blood is dark red and flows in a steady stream
3. Capillary- Blood oozes from the wound

Front 33

Name 4 common points for checking pulse

Back 33

1. Carotid- The side of the neck
2. Femoral- The groin
3. Radial- The wrist
4. Posterial Tibial- Ankle

Front 34

What are some signs/symptoms of shock?

Back 34

 Clammy skin (cool, pale and damp)
 Restlessness and nervousness
 Thirst
 Loss of blood
 Confusion
 Fast breathing
 Nausea or vomiting
 Blotched or bluish skin (especially around the mouth and lips)
 Often perspires freely
 May pass out.

Front 35

What is the treatment for shock?

Back 35

 Position the casualty on their back
 Elevate the Legs
 Loosen clothing at neck waist or wherever it is binding
 Climatize (prevent too hot or too cold)
 Reassure (keep the casualty calm)
 Notify medical personnel (Help, Get a medic!!)

Front 36

What is a heat injury?

Back 36

A loss of water and salt, loss of sweat while personnel work in the heat, a general dehydration of
the body

Front 37

What is the greatest preventive measure for disease?

Back 37

cleanliness

Front 38

How do you stop bleeding?

Back 38

 Apply a field dressing
 Manual pressure
 Elevate the limb
 Apply a pressure dressing
 Digital pressure
 Apply a tourniquet

Front 39

When can measures taken to restore breathing in an individual be discontinued?

Back 39

 When a doctor tells you to stop
 When others relieve you
 When you cannot physically continue
 When the casualty starts to breath on his own

Front 40

When should a casualty not be placed in the shock position?

Back 40

When the casualty has a:
 Head injury
 Abdominal wound
 Fractured (unsplinted) leg

Front 41

How long is direct manual pressure applied to control bleeding?

Back 41

5 to 10 mins

Front 42

What should you do prior to leaving an unconscious casualty?

Back 42

Turn their head to the side to prevent them from choking on their own vomit

Front 43

What does COLD stand for?

Back 43

It is a key word in cold weather protection, it stands for Keep it CLEAN, Avoid OVERHEATING,
Wear it LOOSE and in layers and Keep it DRY

Front 44

What are the 8 steps in evaluating a casualty?

Back 44

Check for:
1. Responsiveness
2. Breathing
3. Pulse
4. Bleeding
5. Shock
6. Fractures
7. Burns
8. Possible concussions (head injuries)

Front 45

What is the first indication of frostbite?

Back 45

Skin becomes numb and white particles/patches form on it

Front 46

What do you do to treat frostbite?

Back 46

Remove clothing from the affected area, warm with body heat, dress the area and seek additional
medical help

Front 47

When should an airtight dressing be applied to a sucking chest wound?

Back 47

As the individual breathes out

Front 48

How should you position a casualty with an open abdominal wound?

Back 48

On his back with his knees up to relieve abdominal pressure

Front 49

What do you do with exposed abdominal organs?

Back 49

Wrap them in dry clean material and place on top of the abdomen (never try to put them back in)

Front 50

Name the four types of burns

Back 50

1. Thermal
2. Electrical
3. Chemical
4. Laser

Front 51

What is the primary objective in the treatment of burns?

Back 51

Lessen or prevent shock and infection

Front 52

What are the three categories used in medical evacuation?

Back 52

1. Urgent- within 2 hours
2. Priority- within 4 hours
3. Routine- within 24 hours

Front 53

What is the first step in the first aid of a burn victim?

Back 53

Remove the casualty from the source of the burn

Front 54

What are the 2 prescribed methods for opening an airway?

Back 54

1. The jaw thrust
2. Head tilt/chin lift methods