Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
117 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Abdominal pain, ascites, hepatomegaly
|
Budd-Chiari syndrome (posthepatic venous thrombosis)
|
|
|
Achilles tendon xanthoma
|
Familial hypercholesterolemia (decrease LDL receptor signaling)
|
|
|
Adrenal hemorrhage, hypotension, DIC
|
Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome (meningococcemia)
|
|
|
Arachnodactyly, lens dislocation, aortic dissection, hyperflexible joints
|
Marfan's syndrome (fibrillin defect)
|
|
|
Athlete with polycythemia
|
Erythropoietin injection
|
|
|
Back pain, fever, night sweats, weight loss
|
Pott's disease (vertebral tuberculosis)
|
|
|
Bilateral hilar adenopathy, uveitis
|
Sarcoidosis (noncaseating granulomas)
|
|
|
Blue sclera
|
Osteogenesis imperfecta (collagen defect)
|
|
|
Bluish line on gingiva
|
Burton's line (lead poisoning)
|
|
|
Bone pain, bone enlargement, arthritis
|
Paget's disease of bone (increase osteoblastic and osteoclastic
activity) |
|
|
Bounding pulses, diastolic heart murmur, head bobbing
|
Aortic regurgitation
|
|
|
"Butterfly" facial rash and Raynaud's phenomenon in a young female
|
Systemic lupus erythematosus
|
|
|
Cafe-au-lait spots, Lisch nodules (iris hamartoma)
|
Neurofibromatosis type I (+ pheochromocytoma, optic gliomas)
Neurofibromatosis type II (+ bilateral acoustic neuromas) |
|
|
Cafe-au-lait spots, polyostotic fibrous dysplasia, precocious puberty
|
McCune-Albright syndrome (mosaic G-protein signaling mutation)
|
|
|
Calf pseudohypertrophy
|
Muscular dystrophy (most commonly Duchenne's) : X-linked recessive deletion of dystrophin gene
|
|
|
"Cherry-red spot" on macula
|
Tay-Sachs (ganglioside accumulation) or Niemann-Pick
(sphingomyelin accumulation), central retinal artery occlusion |
|
|
Chest pain on exertion
|
Angina (stable: moderate exertion; unstable: minimal exertion)
|
|
|
Chest pain, pericardial effusion/friction rub, persistent fever following MI
|
Dressler's syndrome (autoimmune-mediated post-MI fibrinous pericarditis, 1-12 weeks after acute episode)
|
|
|
Child uses arms to stand up from squat
|
Cowers' sign (Duchenne muscular dystrophy)
|
|
|
Child with fever develops red rash on face that spreads to body
|
"Slapped cheeks" (erythema infectiosum/fifth disease: parvovirus B19)
|
|
|
Chorea, dementia, caudate degeneration
|
Huntington's disease (autosomal-dominant CAG repeat expansion)
|
|
|
Chronic exercise intolerance with myalgia, fatigue, painful cramps, myoglobinuria
|
McArdle's disease (muscle glycogen phosphorylase deficiency)
|
|
|
Cold intolerance
|
Hypothyroidism
|
|
|
Conjugate lateral gaze palsy, horizontal diplopia
|
Internuclear ophthalmoplegia (damage to MLF; bilateral [multiple sclerosis], unilateral [stroke))
|
|
|
Continuous "machinery" heart murmur
|
PDA (close with indomethacin; open with misoprostol)
|
|
|
Cutaneous/dermal edema due to connective tissue deposition
|
Myxedema (caused by hypothyroidism, Graves’ disease [periorbital])
|
|
|
Dark purple skin/mouth nodules
|
Kaposi's sarcoma (usually AIDS patients [gay men]: associated with HHV-8)
|
|
|
Deep, labored breathing/hyperventilation
|
Kussmaul breathing (diabetic ketoacidosis)
|
|
|
Dermatitis, dementia, diarrhea
|
Pellagra (niacin [vitamin B3] deficiency)
|
|
|
Dilated cardiomyopathy, edema, polyneuropathy
|
Wet beriberi (thiamine (vitamin B1] deficiency)
|
|
|
Dog or cat bite resulting in infection
|
Pasteurella multocida (cellulitis at inoculation site)
|
|
|
Dry eyes, dry mouth, arthritis
|
Sjogren's syndrome (autoimmune destruction of exocrine glands)
|
|
|
Dysphagia (esophageal webs) , glossitis, iron deficiency anemia
|
Plummer-Vinson syndrome (may progress to esophageal squamous cell carcinoma)
|
|
|
Elastic skin, hypermobility of joints
|
Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (type III collagen defect)
|
|
|
Enlarged, hard left supraclavicular node
|
Virchow's node (abdominal metastasis)
|
|
|
Erythroderma, lymphadenopathy, hepatosplenomegaly, atypical T cells
|
Sézary syndrome (cutaneous T-cell lymphoma) or mycosis fungoides
|
|
|
Facial muscle spasm upon tapping
|
Chvostek's sign (hypocalcemia)
|
|
|
Fat, female, forty, and fertile
|
Acute cholelithiasis (bile duct blockage)
|
|
|
Fever, chills, headache, myalgia following antibiotic treatment for syphilis
|
Jarisch-Herxheimer reaction (rapid lysis of spirochetes results in toxin release)
|
|
|
Fever, cough, conjunctivitis, coryza, diffuse rash
|
Measles (Morbillivirus)
|
|
|
Fever, night sweats, weight loss
|
B symptoms (lymphoma)
|
|
|
Fibrous plagues in soft tissue of penis
|
Peyronie's disease (connective tissue disorder)
|
|
|
Gout, mental retardation, self-mutilating behavior in a boy
|
Lesch-Nyhan syndrome (HGPRT deficiency, X-linked recessive)
|
|
|
Green-yellow rings around peripheral cornea
|
Kayser-Fleischer rings (copper accumulation from Wilson’s disease)
|
|
|
Hamartomatous GI polyps, hyperpigmentation of mouth/feet/hands
|
Peutz-Jeghers syndrome (genetic benign polyposis can cause bowel obstruction; increase cancer risk)
|
|
|
Hepatosplenomegaly, osteoporosis, neurologic symptoms
|
Gaucher's disease (glucocerebrosidase deficiency)
|
|
|
Hereditary nephritis, sensorineural hearing loss, cataracts
|
Alport syndrome (mutation in alfa chain of collagen IV)
|
|
|
Hypercoagulability (leading to migrating DVTs and vasculitis)
|
Trousseau's sign (adenocarcinoma of pancreas or lung)
|
|
|
Hyperphagia, hypersexuality, hyperorality, hyperdocility
|
Klüver-Bucy syndrome (bilateral amygdala lesion)
|
|
|
Hyperreflexia, hypertonia, positive Babinski sign
|
UMN damage
|
|
|
Hypertension, hypokalemia, metabolic alkalosis
|
Conn's syndrome
|
|
|
Hyporeflexia, hypotonia, atrophy
|
LMN damage
|
|
|
Hypoxemia, polycythemia, hypercapnia
|
"Blue bloater" (chronic bronchitis: hyperplasia of mucous cells)
|
|
|
Indurated, ulcerated genital lesion
|
Nonpainful: chancre (1º syphilis, Treponema pallidum)
Painful, with exudate: chancroid (Haemophilus ducreyi) |
|
|
Infant with failure to thrive, hepatosplenomegaly, neurodegeneration
|
Niemann-Pick disease (genetic sphingomyelinase deficiency)
|
|
|
Infant with hypoglycemia, failure to thrive, and hepatomegaly
|
Cori's disease (deb ranching enzyme deficiency)
|
|
|
Infant with microcephaly, rocker-bottom feet, clenched hands, and structural heart defect
|
Edwards' syndrome (trisomy 18)
|
|
|
Keratin pearls on a skin biopsy
|
Squamous cell carcinoma
|
|
|
Large rash with bull's-eye appearance
|
Erythema chronicum migrans from Ixodes tick bite (Lyme disease: Borrelia)
|
|
|
Lucid interval after traumatic brain injury
|
Epidural hematoma (middle meningeal artery rupture)
|
|
|
Male child, recurrent infections, no mature B cells
|
Bruton's disease (X-linked agammaglobulinemia)
|
|
|
Mucosal bleeding and prolonged bleeding time
|
Glanzmann's thrombasthenia (defect in platelet aggregation due to lack of Gpllb/Illa)
|
|
|
Multiple colon polyps, osteomas/soft tissue tumors, impacted/supernumerary teeth
|
Gardner's syndrome (subtype of FAP)
|
|
|
Myopathy (infantile hypertrophic cardiomyopathy), exercise intolerance
|
Pompe's disease (lysosomal alfa-1,4-glucosidase deficiency)
|
|
|
Necrotizing vasculitis (lungs) and necrotizing glomerulonephritis
|
Wegener's (c-ANCA positive) and Goodpasture's syndromes
(anti-basement membrane antibodies) |
|
|
Neonate with arm paralysis following difficult birth
|
Erb-Duchenne palsy (superior trunk [C5-C6] brachial plexus injury: "waiter's tip")
|
|
|
No lactation postpartum, absent menstruation, cold intolerance
|
Sheehan's syndrome (pituitary infarction)
|
|
|
Nystagmus, intention tremor, scanning speech, bilateral internuclear ophthalmoplegia
|
Multiple sclerosis
|
|
|
Oscillating slow/fast breathing
|
Cheyne-Stokes respirations (central apnea in CHF or increase intracranial pressure)
|
|
|
Painful blue fingers/toes, hemolytic anemia
|
Cold agglutinin disease (autoimmune hemolytic anemia caused by Mycoplasma pneumoniae, infectious mononucleosis)
|
|
|
Painful, pale, cold fingers/toes
|
Raynaud's syndrome (vasospasm in extremities)
|
|
|
Painful, raised red lesions on palms and soles
|
Osler's node (infective endocarditis)
|
|
|
Painless erythematous lesions on palms and soles
|
Janeway lesions (infective endocarditis)
|
|
|
Painless jaundice
|
Cancer of the pancreatic head obstructing bile duct
|
|
|
Palpable purpura on buttocks/legs, joint pain, abdominal pain (child)
|
Henoch-Schönlein purpura (IgA vasculitis affecting skin and kidneys)
|
|
|
Pancreatic, pituitary, parathyroid tumors
|
MEN 1 (autosomal dominant)
|
|
|
Pink complexion, dyspnea, hyperventilation
|
"Pink puffer" (emphysema: centroacinar [smoking], panacinar [alfa 1-antitrypsin deficiency])
|
|
|
Polyuria, acidosis, growth failure, electrolyte imbalances
|
Fanconi's syndrome (proximal tubular reabsorption defect)
|
|
|
Positive anterior "drawer sign"
|
Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury
|
|
|
Ptosis, miosis, anhidrosis
|
Horner's syndrome (sympathetic chain lesion)
|
|
|
Pupil accommodates but doesn’t react
|
Argyll Robertson pupil (neurosyphilis)
|
|
|
Rapidly progressive leg weakness that ascends (following GI/upper respiratory infection)
|
Guillain-Barré syndrome (autoimmune acute inflammatory
demyelinating polyneuropathy) |
|
|
Rash on palms and soles
|
Coxsackie A, 2º syphilis, Rocky Mountain spotted fever
|
|
|
Recurrent colds, unusual eczema, high serum IgE
|
Hyper-IgE syndrome (Job’s syndrome: neutrophil chemotaxis abnormality)
|
|
|
Red "currant jelly" sputum in alcoholic or diabetic patients
|
Klebsiella pneumoniae
|
|
|
Red, itchy, swollen rash of nipple/areola
|
Paget's disease of the breast (represents underlying neoplasm)
|
|
|
Red urine in the morning, fragile RBCs
|
Paroxysmal nocturnal
hemoglobinuria |
|
|
Renal cell carcinoma (bilateral), hemangioblastomas, angiomatosis, pheochromocytoma
|
von Hippel-Lindau disease (dominant tumor suppressor gene mutation)
|
|
|
Resting tremor, rigidity, akinesia, postural instability
|
Parkinson's disease (nigrostriatal dopamine depletion)
|
|
|
Retinal hemorrhages with pale centers
|
Roth's spots (bacterial endocarditis)
|
|
|
Severe jaundice in neonate
|
Crigler-Najjar syndrome (congenital unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia)
|
|
|
Severe RLQ pain with rebound tenderness
|
McBurney's sign (appendicitis)
|
|
|
Short stature, increase incidence of tumors/leukemia, aplastic anemia
|
Fanconi's anemia (genetic loss of DNA crosslink repair; often progresses to AML)
|
|
|
Single palm crease
|
Simian crease (Down syndrome)
|
|
|
Situs inversus, chronic sinusitis, bronchiectasis, infertility
|
Kartagener's syndrome (dynein arm defect affecting cilia)
|
|
|
Skin hyperpigmentation
|
Addison's disease (1º adrenocortical insufficiency causes increase ACTH and alfa-MSH production)
|
|
|
Slow, progressive muscle weakness in boys
|
Becker's muscular dystrophy (X-linked missense mutation in dystrophin; less severe than Duchenne's)
|
|
|
Small, irregular red spots on buccal/lingual mucosa with blue-white centers
|
Koplik spots (measles; rubeola virus)
|
|
|
Smooth, flat, moist white lesions on genitals
|
Condylomata lata (2° syphilis)
|
|
|
Splinter hemorrhages in fingernails
|
Bacterial endocarditis
|
|
|
"Strawberry tongue"
|
Scarlet fever, Kawasaki disease, toxic shock syndrome
|
|
|
Streak ovaries, congenital heart disease, horseshoe kidney, cystic hygroma at birth
|
Turner syndrome (45XO, short stature, webbed neck, lymphedema)
|
|
|
Sudden swollen/painful big toe joint, tophi
|
Gout/podagra (hyperuricemia)
|
|
|
Swollen gums, mucous bleeding, poor wound healing, spots on skin
|
Scurvy (vitamin C deficiency: can't hydroxylate proline/lysine for collagen synthesis)
|
|
|
Swollen, hard, painful finger joints
|
Osteoarthritis (osteophytes on PIP [Bouchard's nodes], DIP [Heberden's nodes])
|
|
|
Systolic ejection murmur (crescendo-decrescendo)
|
Aortic valve stenosis
|
|
|
Thyroid and parathyroid tumors, pheochromocytoma
|
MEN 2A (autosomal dominant ret mutation)
|
|
|
Thyroid tumors, pheochromocytoma,
ganglioneuromatosis |
MEN 2B (autosomal dominant ret mutation)
|
|
|
Toe extension/fanning upon plantar scrape
|
Babinski sign (UMN lesion)
|
|
|
Unilateral facial drooping involving forehead
|
Bell's palsy (LMN CN VII palsy)
|
|
|
Urethritis, conjunctivitis, arthritis in a male
|
Reactive arthritis associated with HLA-B27
|
|
|
Vascular birthmark (port-wine stain)
|
Hemangioma (benign, but associated with Sturge-Weber
syndrome) |
|
|
Vomiting blood following esophagogastric lacerations
|
Mallory-Weiss syndrome (alcoholic and bulimic patients)
|
|
|
"Waxy" casts with very low urine flow
|
Chronic end-stage renal disease
|
|
|
WBC casts in urine
|
Acute pyelonephritis
|
|
|
Weight loss, diarrhea, arthritis, fever, adenopathy
|
Whipple's disease (Tropheryma whippelii)
|
|
|
"Worst headache of my life"
|
Subarachnoid hemorrhage
|
