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343 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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"Abdominal pain, acites, hepatomegaly"
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Budd-Chiari Syndrome (posthepatic venous thrombosis)
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Achilles tendon xanthoma
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Familial hypercholesterolemia
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"Adrenal hemorrhage, hypotension, DIC"
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Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome (meningococcemia)
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"Arachnodactyly, lenns dislocation, aortic dissection, hyperflexible joints"
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Marfan's syndrome (fibrillin defect)
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"Back pain, fever, night sweats, weight loss"
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Pott's disease (vertebral tuberculosis)
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Big toe extension/fanning upon plantar scrape
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Babinski's sign (UMN lesion)
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"Bilateral hilar adenopathy, uveitis"
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Sarcoidosis (noncaseating granulomas)
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Blue sclera
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Osteogenisis imperfecta (collagen defect)
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Bluish line on gingiva
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Burton's line (lead poisoning)
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"Bone pain, bone enlargement, arthritis"
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Paget's disease of bone (Increased osteoblastic and osteoclastic activity)
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"Café-au-lait spots, Lisch nodules (iris hamaratoma)"
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Neurofibromatosis type I (+ bilateral acoustic neuromas = type II)
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Calf pseudohypertrophy
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Muscular dysrophy (most commonly duchenne's)
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"""Cherry red spot"" on macula"
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"Tay-Sachs (ganglioside accumulation, no hepatosplenomegaly) or Neimann-Pick (lysosomal storage disease)"
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"Chest pain, pericardial effusion/friction rub. Persisten fever following MI"
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Dressler's syndrome (autoimmune-mediated post MI fibrinous pericarditis)
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Child uses arms to stand up from squat
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Gower's sign (Duchenne muscular dystrophy: X linked recessive deleted dystrophin gene)
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Child with fever developes red rash on face that spreads to body
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"""Slapped cheecks"" (erythema infectiosum/fifth disease: parvovirus B19)"
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"Chorea, dementia, caudate degeneration"
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Huntington's disease (autosomal dominant CAG repeat expansion)
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"Chronic exercise intolerance with myalgia, fatigue, painful cramps"
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McArdle's disease (muscle phosphorylase deficiency)
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Cold intolerance
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Hypothyroidism
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Conjugate lateral gaze palsy horizontal diplopia
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"Internuclear opthalmoplegia (damage to MLF; bilateral [multiple sclerosis], unilateral [stroke])"
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"Continuous ""machinery"" heart murmur"
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PDA (close with indomethacin; open with misoprostol)
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Cutaneous/dermal edema due to connecive tissue deposition
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"Myxedema (hypothyroidism, Graves' disease)"
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Dark purple skin/mouth nodules
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Kaposi's sarcoma (usually AIDS patients [gay men]: associated with HHV-8)
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Deep labored breating/hyperventilation
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Kussmaul breathing (diabetic ketoacidosis)
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"Dermatitis, dementia, diarrhea"
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Pallagra (niacin [vitamin B3] deficiency)
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"Dialted cardiomyopathy, edema, polyneuropathy"
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Wet beriberi (thiamine [vitamin B1] deficiency)
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Dog or cat bite resulting in infection
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Pasturella multicoda
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"Dry eyes, dry mouth, arthritis"
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Sjogren's syndrome (autoimmune destruction of exocrine glands)
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"Dysphagia (esophageal webs), glossitis, iron deficiency anemia"
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Plummer-Vinson syndrome (may progress to esophageal squamous cell carcinoma)
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"Elastic skin, hypermobility of joints"
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Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (collagen defect)
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"Enlarged, hard left supraclavicular node"
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Virchow's node (abdominal metastasis)
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"Erythroderma, lymphadenopathy, hepatosplenomegaly, atypical T cells"
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Sezary syndrome (cutaneous T-cell lymphoma) or mycosis fungoides
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Facial muscle spasm upon tapping
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Chvostek's sign (hypocalcemia)
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"Fat, female, forty, and fertile"
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Acute cholecystitis (bile duct blockage)
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"Fever, chills, headache, myalgia following antibiotic treatment for syphilis"
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Jarisch-Herxheimer reaction (rapid lysis of spirochetes results in toxin release)
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"Fever, cough, conjunctivitis, coryza, diffuse rash"
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Measles (Morbillivirus)
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"Fever, night sweats, weight loss"
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B symptoms (lymphoma)
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Fibrous plaques on soft tissue of penis
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Payronie's disease (connective tissue disorder)
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"Gout, mental retardation, self mutilating behavior in a boy"
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Lesch-Nyhan syndrome (HGPRT deficiency)
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Green-yellow rings around peripheral cornea
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Kayser-Fleischer rings (copper accumulation from Wilson's disease)
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"Hamartomatous GI polyps, hyperpigmentation of mouth/feet/hands"
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Peutz-Jegers syndrome (genetic benign polyposis can cause bwel obstruction; Increased cancer risk)
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"Hepatosplenomealy, osteoporosis, neurological symptoms"
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Gaucher's disease (glucocerebrosidase deficiency)
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"Hereditary nephritis, sensorineural hearing loss, cataracts"
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Alport's syndrome (collagen mutation)
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Hypercoagulability (leading to migrating DVTs and vasulitis)
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Trousseau's sign (adenocarcinoma of pancreas or lung)
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"Hyperphagia, hypersexuality, hyperorality, hyperdocility"
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Kluver-Bucy syndrome (bilateral amygdala lesion)
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"Hypertension, hypokalemia, metabolic acidosis"
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Conn's syndrome (primary hyperaldosteronism)
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"Hypoxemia, polycythemia, hypercapnia"
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"""Blue bloater"" (chronic bronchitis: hyperplasia of mucous cells)"
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"Indurated, ulcerated genital lesion (nonpainful)"
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Chancre (primary syphilis: Treponema pallidum)
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"Infant with failure to thrive, hepatosplenomegaly, neurodegeneration"
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Neimann-Pick disease (genetic sphingomyelinase deficiency)
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"Infant with hypoglycemia, failure to thrive and hepatomegaly"
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"Cori's disease (debranching enzyme deficiency, type III glycogen storage disease)"
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"Infant with microcephaly, rocker bottom feet and structural heart defect"
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Edwards syndrome (trisomy 18)
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"Jaundice, RUQ pain, fever"
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Charcot's triad 2 (ascending cholangitis)
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Keratin pearls on a skin lesion
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Squamous cell carcinoma
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Lage reash with bull's eye appearance
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Erythema chronicum migrans from tick bite (Lyme disease: Borrelia)
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Lucid interval after treaumatic brain injury
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Epidural hematoma
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"Male child, recurrent infections, no mature B-cells"
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Bruton's disease (X-linked agammaglobulinemia)
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Mucosal bleeding and prolonged bleeding time
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Glanzmann's thrombasthenia (defet in platelet aggregation due to lack of GpIIb/IIIa)
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"Multiple colon polyps, osteomas/soft tissue tumors, impacted/supernumary teeth"
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"Gardner's syndrome (Autosomal dominant, type of FAP, predisposes to colon cancer)"
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Necrotizing vascultits (lungs) and necrotizing glomerulonephritis
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Wegner's and Goodpasture's syndromes (hemoptysis and glomerular dsease)
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Neonate with arm paralysisfollowing difficult birth
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"Erb-duchenne palsy (superior trunk [C5-C6] brachial plexus injury ""waiter's tip"")"
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"No lactation post-partum, absent menstration, cold intolerance"
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Sheehan's syndrome (pituitary infarction
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"Nystagmus, intention tremor, scanning speech"
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Charcot's triad 1 (multiple sclerosis)
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Oscillating slow/fast breathing
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Cheyne-Stokes respirations (central apnea in CHF of increased intracranial pressure)
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"Painful, blue fingers/toes, hemolytic anemia"
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"Cold agglutinin disease (autoimmune hemolytic anemia caused by Mycoplasma pneumonia, infectious mononucleosis)"
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"Painful, pale, cold fingers/toes"
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Raynaud's syndrome (vasospasm in extremities)
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"Painful, raised red lesions on palms and soles"
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Osler's node (infective endocarditis)
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Painless Jaundice
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Cancer of the pancreatic head obstructing bile duct
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"Palpable purpura, joint pain, abdominal pain (child)"
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Henoch-Scholein purpura (IgA vasculitis affecting skin and kidneys)
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"Pancreatic, pituitary, parathyroid tumors"
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"Wermer's syndrome (MEN I, Autosomal dominant)"
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"Pink complexion, dyspnea, hyperventilation"
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"""Pink puffer"" (emphysema: centroacinar [smoking], panacinar [a1-antitrypsin deficiency])"
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"Polyostic fibrous dysplasia, precocious puberty, café-au-lait spors, short stature in a young girl"
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McCune-Albright syndrome (mosaic G-protein signaling mutation [GNAS1])
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"Polyuria, acidosis, growth failure, electrolyte imbalances"
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"Fanconi's syndrome (proximal tubular reabsorption defect), Bicarbonate loss can lead to renal tubular acidosis"
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"Positive anterior ""drawer sign"""
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Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury
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"Ptosis, miosis, anhidrosis"
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Horner's syndrome (sympathetic chain lesion)
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Pupil accommodate but does not react
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"Argyll Robertson pupil (neurosyphilis), Prostitute's pupil"
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Rapidly progressive leg weakness that ascends (following GI/upper respiratory infection)
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Guillain-Barre syndrome (autoimmune acute inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy)
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Rash on palms and soles
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"Secondary syphilis, Rocky mountain spotted fever"
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"Recurrent colds, unusual eczema, high serum IgE, ""cold"" staph infections"
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Job's syndrome (hyper-IgE syndrome: neutrophil chemotaxis abnormality [IFN-gamma deficiency])
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"Red ""currant jelly"" sputum"
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Klebsiella pneumoniae
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"Red, itchy, swollen rash of nipple.areola"
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Paget's disease of the breast (represents underlying neoplasm)
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Red urine in the morning
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Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria
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"Renal cell carcinoma, hemangioblastomas, angiomatosis, pheochromocytoma"
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von Hippel-Lindau disease (dominant tumor suppressor gene mutation [chromesome 3p25)
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"Resting tremor, rigidity, akinesia, postural instability"
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Parkinson's disease (nigrostriatal dopamine depletion)
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"Restrictive cardiomyopathy (juvenile form: cardiomegaly), exercise tolerance, hepatomegaly"
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Pompe's disease (lysosomal glucosidase deficiency [glycogen storage disease type II])
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Retinal hemorrages with pale centers
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Roth's spots (bacterial endocarditis)
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Severe jaundice in neonate
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Crigler Najjir syndrome (congenital unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia)
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Severe RLQ pain with rebound tenderness
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McBurney's sign (apendicitis)
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"Short stature, increased incidence of tumors/leukemia, aplastic anemia"
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Fanconi's anemia (genetically inherited [AR]; often progresses to AML)
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Single palm crease
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Simian crease (Down syndrome)
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"Situs inversus, chronic sinusitis, bronchiectasis"
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Katagener's syndrome (dynein defect affecting cilia)
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Skin hyperpigmentation
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Addison's disease (primary adrenocortical insufficiency of autoimmune or infectious etiology)
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"Slow, progressive muscle weakness in boys"
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"Becker;s muscular dystrophy (X-linked, defective dystropin; less severe than Duchenne's)"
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"Small, irregular red spots on buccal/lingual mucosa with blue-white centers"
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Koplik spots (measles)
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"Small, nontender, erthematous lesions on palms/soles"
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Janeway lesions (infective endocarditis)
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"Smooth, flat, moist white lesions on genitals"
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Condylomata lata (secondary syphilis)
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Splinter hemorrhages in fingernails (bacterial endocarditis)
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Bacterial endocarditis
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"""Strawberry tongue"""
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"Scarlet fever, Kawasaki disease, toxic shock syndrome"
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"Stread ovaries, congenital heart disease, horseshoe kidney"
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"Turner syndrome (XO, short staure, webbed neck, lymphedema) Coartation of aorta, bicuspid aortic valve"
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"Sudden swollen/painful big toe joint, tophi"
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Gout/podagra (hyperuricemia)
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"Swollen gums, mucous bleeding, poor wound healing, spots on skin"
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Scurvy (vitamin C deficiency: can't hydroxylate proline/lysine for collagen synthesis)
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"Swollen, hard, painful finger joints"
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"Ostearthritis (osteophytes on PIP [Bouchard's nodules], DIP [Heberden's nodules])"
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Systolic ejection murmur (crescendo-decrescendo)
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Aortic valve stenosis
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"Thyroid, parathyroid, adrenal tumors"
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Sipples syndrome (MEN 2A [AD])
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Ulcerated genital lesion with exudate (painful)
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Chancroid (Haemophilus ducreyi [gram negative coccobacilus])
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Unilateral facial drooping
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(Bell's palsy (LMN CN VII palsy)
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"Urethritis, conjuntivitis, arthritis in a male"
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Reiter's syndrome (reactive arthritis associated with HLA-B27)
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Vascular birthmark (port-wine stain)
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"Hamgioma (benign, but associated with Sturge-Weber syndrome)"
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Vasculitis from exposure to endotoxin causing glomerular thrombosis
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Schwartzman reaction (following second exposure to endotoxin)
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Vomiting blood folloing esophagogastric lacerations
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Mallory-Weiss syndrome (alcoholics and eating disorders)
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"""Waxy"" casts with very low urine flow"
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Chronic end stage renal disease
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WBC casts in urine
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Acute pyelonephritis
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"Weight loss, diarrhea, arthritis, fever, adenopathy"
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Whipple disease (Tropheryma whippelii)
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"""Worst headache of my life"""
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Berry aneurism (associated with adult polycystic kidney disease
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Anticentromere antibodies
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Scleroderma (CREST)
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Antidesmoglein (epithelial) antibodies
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Pemphigus vulgaris (blistering)
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Anti-glomerular basement membrane antibodies
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Goodpasture's syndrome (glomerulonephritis and lung hemorrhage)
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Antihistone antibodies
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Drug-induced SLE
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Anti-IgG antibodies
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"Rheumatoid arthritis (systemic inflammation, joint pannus, boutoniere deformity)"
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Antimitochondrial antibodies (AMAs)
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"Primary biliary cirrhosis (female, chelestasis, portal hypertension)"
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Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCAs)
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"Vasculitits (Wegner's, microscopic polyangiitis, glomerulonephritis)"
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Antinuclear antibodies (ANAs: anti-Smith and anti-dsDNA)
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SLE (type III hypersensitivity)
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Antiplatelet antibodies
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Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) (bleeding diathesis)
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Anti-topoisomerase antibodies
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Diffuse systemic scleroderma
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Anti-transglutaminase/antigliadin antibodies
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"Celiac disease (diarrhea, distension, weight loss)"
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Azurophilic granular needles in leukemic blasts
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Auer rods (acute myelogenous lesukemia: especially the promyelocytic type)
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"""Bamboo spine"" on x-ray"
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Ankylosing spondylitis (chronic inflammatory arthritis: HLA-B27)
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Basophilic nuclear remnants in RBCs
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Howell-Jolly bodies (due to spenectomy or nonfunctional spleen)
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Basophilic stippling of RBCs
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Lead poisoning or sideroblastic anemia
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Bloody tap on LP
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Subarachnoid hemrrhage
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"""Boot-sheped"" heart on x-ray"
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"Tetralogy of Fallot, RVH"
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"Branching gram-positive rods with yellow pigment in cells (pus, not sulfur?)"
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Actinomyces israelii
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Bronchogenic apical lung tumor
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Pancoast's tumor (can compress sympathetic ganglion and cause Horner's syndrome)
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"""Brown"" tumor of bone"
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"Hemorrage (hemosiderin causes brown color of osteolytic cysts.
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Cardiomegaly with apical atrophy
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Chagas' diseas (Trypanosoma cruzi)
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Cellular crescents in Bowman's capsule
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Rapidly progressve crescentic glomerulonephritis
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"""Chocolate cyst"" of ovary"
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Endometriosis (frequently involves both ovaries)
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Circular grouping of dark tumor cells surrounding pale neurofibrils
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"Homer Wright rosettes (neuroblastoma, medulloblastoma, retinoblastoma)"
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Colonies of mucoid Pseudomonas in lungs
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Cystic fibrosis (CFTR mutation in Caucasians resulting in fat-soluble vitamin deficiency and mucous plugs)
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Degeneration of dorsal column nerves
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Tabes dorsalis (Tertiary syphilis)
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Depigmentation of neurons in substancia nigra
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"Parkinson's disease (basal ganglia disorder: rigidity, resting tumor, bradykinesia)"
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Desquamated epithelium casts in sputum
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Curshmann's spirals (bronchial asthma; can result in whorled mucous plugs)
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Disarrayed granulosa cells in eosinophilic fluid
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Call-Exner bodies (granulosa-theca cell tumor of the ovary)
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Dysplastic squamous cervical cells with nuclear enlargement and hyperchromasia
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Koilocytes (HPV: predisposes to cervical cancer)
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Enlarged cells with intranuclear inclusion bodies
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"""Owl's eye"" appearance of CMV"
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Enlarged thyroid cells with ground-glass nuclei
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"""Orphan Annie"" eye nuclei (papillary carcinoma of the thyroid)"
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Eosinophilic cytoplasmic inclusion in liver cell
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Mallory bodies (alcoholic liver disease)
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Eosinophilic cytoplasmic inclusion in nerve cell
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Lewey body (Parkinson's disease)
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Eosinophilic globule in liver
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"Councilman body (toxic or viral hepatitis, often yellow fever)"
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Eosinophilic inclusion bodies in cytoplasm of hippocampal nerve cells
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Rabies virus (Lyssavirus)
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Extracellular amyloid deposition in gray matter of brain
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Senile plaques (Alzheimer's disease)
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"Giant B cells with bilobed nuclei with prominent inclusions (""owl's eye"")"
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Reed-Sternberg cells (Hodgkin's lymphoma)
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Glomerulus-like structure surrounding vessel in germ cells
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Schiller-Duval bodies (yolk-sac tumor)
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"""Hair-on-end"" (crew-cut) appearance on x-ray"
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"B-thalassemia, sickle cell anemia (extramedullary hematopoesis)"
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hCG elevated
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"Choriocarcinoma, hydratidiform mole (occurs with and without embryo)"
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Heart nodules (inflammatory)
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Aschoff bodies (rheumatic fever)
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Heterophile antibodies
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Infectious mononucleosis (EBV)
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"Hexagonal, double pointed, needle-like crystals in bronchial secretions"
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Bronchial asthma (Charcot-Leyden crystals: eosinophilic granules)
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High level of D-dimers
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"DVT, pulmonary embolism, DIC"
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"""Honeycomb lung"" on x-ray"
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Interstitial fibrosis
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Hypersegmented neutrophils
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"Megaloblastic anemia (B12, folate deficiency)"
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"Hypochromic, microcytic anemia"
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"Iron deficiency anemia, lead poisoning, thalassemia (HbF sometimes present)"
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Increases a-fetoprotein in amniotic fluid/maternal serum
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"Anencephaly, spina bifida (neural tube defects)"
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Increased uric acid levels
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"Gout, Lesch-Nyhan syndrome, myeloproliferative disorders, loop and thiazide diuetics"
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Intranuclear eosinophilic droplet-like bodies
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Cowdry type A bodies (HSV or yellow fever)
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Iron containing nodules in alveolar septum
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Ferruginous bodies (abestosis: increased chance of mesothelioma)
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"Large lysosomal vesicles in phagocytes, immunocompromised"
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Chediak-Higashi disease (failure of phagolysosome formation [defect in microtubular function])
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Low serum ceruloplasm
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Wilson's disease (hepatolenticular degeneration)
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"Lumpy-bumpy"" appearance of glomeruli on immunofluorescence"
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Poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis
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"Lytic (""hole-punched"") one lesions on x-ray"
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Multiple myeloma
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"Mammary gland (""blue-domed"") cyst"
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Fibrocystic change of the breast
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Monoclonal antibody spike
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"(1) Muliple Myeloma (called the M protein; usually IgG or IgA)
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Monoclonal globulin protein in blood/urine
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"Bence Jones proteins (multiple myeloma [kappa or lambda Ig light chains in urine]), Waldemstom's macroglobinemia (IgM)"
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Mucin filled cell with peripheral nucleus
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Signet ring (gastric carcinoma)
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Narrowing of bowel lumen on barium enema
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"""String sign"" (Crohn's diesese) "
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Needle shaped negatively birefringent crystals
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Gout (hyperuricemia)
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Nodular hyaline deposits in glomeruli
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Kimmelsteil-Wilson nodules (diabetic nephropathy)
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"""Nutmeg"" appearance of liver"
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Chronic passive congestion of liver due to right heart failure
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"""Onion skin"" periosteal reaction"
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Ewing's sarcoma (malignant round cell tumor)
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"Periosteum raised from bone, creating triangular area"
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"Codman's triangle on x-ray (osteosarcoma, Ewing's sarcoma, pyogenic osteomyelitis)"
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Podocte fusion on EM
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Minimal change disease (child with nephrotic syndrome)
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"Polished ""ivory-like"" appearance of bone at cartilage erosion"
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Eburnation (osteoarthritis resulting in bony sclerosis)
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Protein aggregates in neurons from hyperphosphorylation of protein tau
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Neurofibrillary tangles (Alzheimer's disease and CJD)
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Pseudopalisade tumor cell arrangement
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Glioblastoma multiforme
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RBC casts in urine
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Acute glomerulonephritis
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"Rectangular, crystal-like inclusions in Leydig cells"
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Reinke crystals (Leydig cell tumor)
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Renal epithelial casts in urine
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Acute toxic/viral nephrosis
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"Rhomboid crystals, positively bifringent"
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Pseudogout (calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate)
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Rib notching
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Coartation of aorta
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"Sheets of medium-sized lymphoid cells (""starry sky"" appearance on histology) "
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"Burkitt's lymphoma (t[8:14] c-myc activation, associated with EBV)"
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Silver staining spherical aggregation of tau proteins in neurons
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"Pick bodies (Pick's disease: progressive dementia, similar to Alzheimer's [fronto-temporal atrophy])"
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Small granulomatous lesion in lungs (can calcify)
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Ghon focus (primary tuberculosis: Mycobacterium bacilli)
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"Small, round RBC inclusions"
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"Heinz bodies (G6PD deficiency, a-thalassemia, chronic liver diease)"
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"""Soap bubble"" on x-ray"
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Giant cell tumor of bone (generally benign)
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"""Spikes"" on basement membrane, ""dome-like"" endothelial deposits"
|
Membranous glomerulonephritis (may progress to nephrotic syndrome) (BM only as opposed to BM and mesangium in MPGN)
|
|
|
Stacks of red blood cells
|
Rouleaux formation (high ESR: multiple myeloma)
|
|
|
Stippled vaginal epithelial cells
|
"""Clue cells"" (Gardenerella vaginalis)"
|
|
|
"""Tennis racket""-shaped cytoplasmic organelles (EM) in Langerhans cells"
|
Birbeck granules (histiocytosis X: eosinophilic granuloma)
|
|
|
Thrombi made of white/red layers
|
"Lines of Zahn (arterial thrombus, layers of platelets/RBCs)"
|
|
|
"""Thumb sign"" on lateral x-ray"
|
Epiglottitis (Haemophilus influenzae)
|
|
|
Thyroid-like appearance of kidney
|
Chronic bacterial pyelonephritis
|
|
|
"""Tram track"" appearance on LM"
|
Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis
|
|
|
Triglyceride accumultion in liver cell vacuoles
|
Fatty liver disease (alcoholic or metabolic syndrome)
|
|
|
"WBCs that look ""smudged"""
|
CLL (almost always B cell; aggects the elderly)
|
|
|
"""Wire-loop"" glomerular appearance on LM"
|
Lupus nephropathy
|
|
|
Yellow CSF
|
Xanthochromia (subarachnoid hemorrhage [bilirubin])
|
|
|
Actinic (solar) keratosis
|
Squamous cell carcinoma
|
|
|
Acute gastric ulcer associated with CNS injury
|
Cushing's ulcer (increased ICP stimulates vagal gastric secretion)
|
|
|
Acute gastric ulcer associated with severe burns
|
Curling's ulcer (greatly reduced plasma volume results in sloughing of gastric mucosa)
|
|
|
Alternating areas of transmural inflamation and normal colon
|
Skip lesions (Crohn's disease: autoimmune)
|
|
|
"Aneurism, dissecting"
|
Hypertension
|
|
|
"Aortic aneurism, ascending"
|
Tertiary syphilis
|
|
|
Atrophy of mammillary bodies
|
"Wernicke's encephalopathy (thiamine deficiency causing ataxia, opthalmoplegia, and confusion)"
|
|
|
Autoslenectomy (fibrosis and shrinkage)
|
Sickle cell anemia (HbS)
|
|
|
Bacteremia/pneumonia (IV drug user)
|
Staphlococcus aureus
|
|
|
Bacteria associated with stomach cancer
|
H. pylori
|
|
|
Bacterial meningitis (adults and elderly)
|
Streptococcus pneumoniae
|
|
|
Bacterial meningitis (newborns and kids)
|
"Group B streptococcus (newborns), S. pneumoniae/Neisseria meningitidis (kids)"
|
|
|
Benign melanocytic nevus
|
Spitz nevus (more common in first two decades)
|
|
|
Bleeding disorder with GpIb deficiency
|
Bernard-Soulier disease (defect in platelet adhesion)
|
|
|
Brain tumor (adults)
|
Supratentorial: mets>astrocytoma (including glioblastoma multiforme)>meningioma>schwannoma
|
|
|
Brain tumor (kids)
|
Inratentorial: medulloblastoma (cerebellum) or supra tentorial: craniopharyngioma (cerebrum)
|
|
|
Breast cancer
|
"Infiltrating ductal carcinoma (in the United States, 1 in 9 women will develop breast cancer)"
|
|
|
Breast mass
|
(1) Fibrocystic change (2) Carcinoma (in postmenopausal women)
|
|
|
Breast tumor (benign)
|
Fibroadenoma
|
|
|
"Bug in debilitated, hospitalized, pneumonia patient"
|
Klebsiella
|
|
|
Cardiac primary tumor (kids)
|
Rhabdomyoma
|
|
|
Cardiac manifestation of lupus
|
"Libman-Sacks endocarditis nonbacterial, affecting mitral)"
|
|
|
Cardiac tumor (adults)
|
"(1) Metastasis (2) Primary myxoa (4:1 left to right atrium, ""ball and valve"")"
|
|
|
Cardiomyopathy
|
Dilated cardiomyopathy (40% are familial)
|
|
|
Cerebellar tonsillar herniation
|
Arnold-Chiari malformation (often causes hydrocephalus)
|
|
|
Chronic arrhythmia
|
Atrial fibrillation (associated with high risk of emboli)
|
|
|
Chronic atrophic gastritis (autoimmune)
|
Predisposition to gastric carcinoma (can also cause pernicious anemia)
|
|
|
Clear cell adenocarcinoma of the vagina
|
DES exposure in utero
|
|
|
Congenital adrenal hyperplasia
|
21-hydroxylase deficiency
|
|
|
Congenital cardiac anomaly
|
VSD
|
|
|
Congenital conjugated hyperbilirubinemia (black liver)
|
Dubin-Johnson syndrome (inability of hepatocytes to secrete conjugated bilirubin into bile)
|
|
|
Constrictive pericarditis in developing world
|
Tuberculosis
|
|
|
Coronary artery involved in thrombosis
|
LAD>RCA>LCA
|
|
|
Cretinism
|
Iodine deficiency/hypothyroidism
|
|
|
Cushing's syndrome
|
(1) Corticosteroid therapy (2) Excess ACTH secretion by pituitary (Cushing's disease)
|
|
|
Cyanosis (early; less common)
|
"Tetralogy of Fallot, transposition of great vessels, truncus arteriosus"
|
|
|
Cyanosis (late; more common)
|
"VSD, ASD, PDA"
|
|
|
Death in CML
|
Blast crisis
|
|
|
Death in SLE
|
Lupus nephropathy
|
|
|
Dementia
|
(1) Alzheimer's disease (2) Multiple infarcts
|
|
|
Demyelinating disease
|
Multiple sclerosis
|
|
|
DIC
|
"Gram negative sepsis, obstetric complications, cancer, burn trauma"
|
|
|
Dietary deficit
|
Iron
|
|
|
Diverticulum in pharynx
|
Zenker's diverticulum (diagnosed by barium swallow)
|
|
|
Ejection click
|
Aortic/pulmonary stenosis
|
|
|
Esophageal cancer
|
Squamous cell carcinoma
|
|
|
Food poisoning
|
S. Aureus
|
|
|
Gene involved in cancer
|
p53 tumor suppressor gene
|
|
|
Glomerulonephitis (adults)
|
Berger's disease (IgA nephropathy)
|
|
|
Gynecology malignancy
|
Endometrial carcinoma
|
|
|
Heart murmur
|
Mitral valve prolapse
|
|
|
Heart valve in bacterial endocarditis
|
"Mitral (rheumatic fever), tricuspid (IV drug abuse), aortic (2nd affected in rheumatic fever)"
|
|
|
Helminth infection (US)
|
(1) Enterobius vermicularis (2) Ascaris lumbercoides
|
|
|
Hematoma - epidural
|
Rupture of middle meningeal artery (arterial bleeding is fast)
|
|
|
Hematoma - subdural
|
Rupture of bridging veins (trauma; venous bleeding is slow)
|
|
|
Hemochromatosis
|
Multiple blood transusions (can rsult in CHF and increased risk of hepatocellular carcinoma)
|
|
|
Hepatocellular carcinoma
|
Cirrhotic liver (often associated with hepatitis B and C)
|
|
|
Hereditary bleeding disorder
|
von Willebrand's disease
|
|
|
Hereditary harmless jaundice
|
Gilbert's syndrome (benign congenital unconjegated hyperbilirubinemia)
|
|
|
HLA-B27
|
"Ankylosing spondylitis, Reiter's syndrome, ulcerative colitis"
|
|
|
HLA-DR3 or DR4
|
"Diabetes mellitus type 1, rheumatoid arthritis, SLE"
|
|
|
Holosystolic murmur
|
"VSD, tricuspid regurgitation, mitral regurgitation"
|
|
|
"Hypercoagulability, endothelial damage, blood stasis"
|
Virchow's triad (results in venous thrombosis)
|
|
|
"Hypertension, secondary"
|
Renal disease
|
|
|
Hypoparathyroidism
|
Thyroidectomy
|
|
|
Hypopituitarism
|
Adenoma
|
|
|
Infection in blood transfusion
|
Hepatitis C
|
|
|
Kidney stones
|
"(1) Calcium = radiopaque
|
|
|
Late cyanotic shunt (uncorrected L to R becomes R to L)
|
"Eisenmenger's syndrome (caused by ASD, VSD, PDA; results in pulmonary hypertension/polycythemia)"
|
|
|
Liver disease
|
Alcoholic liver disease
|
|
|
Lysosomal storage disease
|
Gaucher's disease (glucocerebrosidase deficiency)
|
|
|
Male cancer
|
Prostatic carcinoma
|
|
|
Malignancy associated with noninfectious fever
|
Hodgkin's lymphoma
|
|
|
Malignant skin tumor
|
Basal cell carcinoma (rarely metastasizes)
|
|
|
Mental retardation
|
(1) Down Syndrome (2) Fragile X syndrome
|
|
|
Mets to bone
|
"Breast, lung, thyroid, testes, prostate, kidney"
|
|
|
Mets to brain
|
"Lung, breast, skin (melanoma), kidney (renal cell carcinoma), GI"
|
|
|
Mets to liver
|
"Colon, gastric, pancreatic, breast, lung carcinomas"
|
|
|
Mitral valve stenosis
|
Rheumatic heart disease
|
|
|
Motor neuron disease
|
ALS
|
|
|
Myocarditis
|
Coxsackie B
|
|
|
Neoplasm (kids)
|
(1) ALL (2) Cerebellar medulloblastma
|
|
|
Nephrotic syndrome (adults)
|
Membranous glomerulonephritis
|
|
|
Nephrotic syndrome (kids)
|
Minimal change disease (associated with infections/vaccinations; treat with corticosteroids)
|
|
|
Obstruction of male urinary tract
|
BPH
|
|
|
Opening snap
|
Mitral stenosis
|
|
|
Opportunistic infection in AIDS
|
Pneumocystis jiroveci (formerly carinii) pneumonia
|
|
|
Organ receiving mets
|
Adrenal glands (due to rich blood supply)
|
|
|
Organ sending mets
|
"Lung>breast, stomach"
|
|
|
Osteomyelitis
|
S. Aureus
|
|
|
Osteomyelitis in patents with sickle cell disease
|
Salmonella
|
|
|
Osteomyelitis in patents with IV drug use
|
Pseudomonas
|
|
|
Ovarian metastasis from gastic carcinoma or breast cancer
|
Krukenberg tumor (mucin secreting signet-ring cells)
|
|
|
Ovarian tumor (benign)
|
Serous cystadenoma (ciliary epithelium)
|
|
|
Ovarian tumor (malignant)
|
Serous cystadenocarcinoma (ciliary epithelium)
|
|
|
Pancreatic tumor
|
Adenocarcinoma (head of the pancreas)
|
|
|
Pancreatitis (acute)
|
EtOH and gallstones
|
|
|
Pancreatitis (chronic)
|
"EtOH (adults), cystic fibrosis (kids)"
|
|
|
Patient with ALL/CLL/AML/CML
|
"ALL: child, CLL: adult>60, AML: adult<60, CML: adult 35-50"
|
|
|
Patient with Hodgkin's disease
|
Young male (except nodular sclerosis type: female)
|
|
|
Pelvic inflammatory disease
|
Neisseria gonorrhoeae (monoarticular arthritis)
|
|
|
Philidelphia chromesome t(9;22) (bcr-abl)
|
CML (may sometimes be associated with ALL/AML)
|
|
|
Pituitary tumor
|
"(1) Prolactinoma (2) Somatotrophc ""acidophilic"" adenoma"
|
|
|
"Pneumonia, hospital aquired"
|
Klebsiella
|
|
|
Primary amenorrhea
|
"Turner syndrome (XO, short staure, webbed neck, lymphedema) Coartation of aorta, bicuspid aortic valve"
|
|
|
Primary bone tumor (adults)
|
Multiple myeloma
|
|
|
Primary hyperaldosteronism
|
Adenoma of adrenal cortex
|
|
|
Primary hyperparathyroidism
|
(1) adenomas (2) Hyperplasia (3) Carcinoma
|
|
|
Primary liver cancer
|
Hepatocellular carcinoma (also known as hepatoma)
|
|
|
Pulmonary hypertension
|
COPD
|
|
|
Recurrent inflammation/thrombosis of small/medium vessels in extremities
|
Buerger's disease (strongly associated with tobacco)
|
|
|
Renal tumor
|
"Renal cell caricnoma: associated with von Hippel-Lindau and adult polycystic kidney disease;
|
|
|
Right heart failure die to a pulmonary cause
|
Cor pulmonale
|
|
|
S3 (protodiastolic gallop)
|
"Incresased ventricular filling (L to R shunt, mitral regurgitation, LV failure[CHF])"
|
|
|
S4 (presystolic gallop)
|
"Stiff/hyoertrophic ventricle (aortic stenosis, restrictive cardiomyopathy)"
|
|
|
Secondary hyperparathyroidism
|
Hypocalcemia of chronic kidney disease
|
|
|
Sexually transmitted disease
|
Chlamydia
|
|
|
SIADH
|
Small cell carcinoma of the lung
|
|
|
Site of diverticula
|
Sigmoid colon
|
|
|
Site of metastasis
|
(1) regional lymph node (2) Liver
|
|
|
Sites of atherosclerosis
|
Abdominal aorta>coronary>popliteal>carotid
|
|
|
Stomach cancer
|
Adenocarcinoma
|
|
|
Stomach ulcerations and high gastrin levels
|
Zollinger-Ellison syndrome (gastrinoma of duodenum or pancreas)
|
|
|
t(14;18)
|
Follicular lymphomas (bcl-2 activation)
|
|
|
t(8;14)
|
Burkitt's lymphoma (c-myc activaton)
|
|
|
t(9;22)
|
"Philadelphia chromosome, CML (bcr-abl hybrid)"
|
|
|
Temporal arteritis
|
Risk of ipsilateral blindness due to thrombosis of ophthalmic artery
|
|
|
Testicular tumor
|
Seminoma
|
|
|
Thyroid cancer
|
Papillary carcinoma
|
|
|
Tumor in women
|
Leiomyoma (estrogen dependent)
|
|
|
Tumor of infancy
|
Hemangioma
|
|
|
Tumor of the adrenal medulla (adults)
|
Pheochromocytoma (usually benign)
|
|
|
Tumor of the adrenal medulla (kids)
|
Neuroblastoma (malignant)
|
|
|
Type of Hodgkin's
|
"Nodular sclerosis (vs. mixed cellularity, lymphocytic predominance, lymphocytic depletion)"
|
|
|
Type of non-Hodgkin's
|
Difuse large cell
|
|
|
UTI
|
"E.Coli, Staphylococcus saprophyticus (young women)"
|
|
|
Viral encephalitis
|
HSV
|
|
|
Vitamin deficiency (US)
|
Folic acid (pregnant woman are at high risk; body stores only -4 month supply)
|
