First Aid 09 Micro - Random

Front 1

What is the dominant normal flora of the skin?

Back 1

Staphylococcus epidermidis

Front 2

What is the dominant normal flora of the nose?

Back 2

S. epidermidis; colonized by S. aureus

Front 3

What is the dominant normal flora of the oropharynx?

Back 3

Viridans group streptococci

Front 4

What is the dominant normal flora of dental plaques?

Back 4

Streptococcus mutans

Front 5

What is the dominant normal flora of the colon?

Back 5

Bacteroides fragilis > E. coli

Front 6

What is the dominant normal flora of the vagina?

Back 6

Lactobacillus, colonized by E. coli and group B strep

Front 7

What bacteria is usually found in contaminated seafood?

Back 7

Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Vibrio vulnificus

Front 8

What bacteria is found in reheated rice?

Back 8

Bacillus cereus

Front 9

What bacteria is found in meats, mayonnaise, and custard? What causes the sickness?

Back 9

S. aureus. preformed toxin causes sickness

Front 10

What bacteria can be found in reheated meat dishes?

Back 10

Clostridium perfingens

Front 11

What bacteria can be found in improperly canned foods (bulging cans)?

Back 11

Clostridium botulinum

Front 12

What kind of diarrhea does the Norwalk virus produce?

Back 12

Watery diarrhea

Front 13

What shape is Campylobacter and what type of diarrhea does it produce?

Back 13

Comma or S-shaped; Bloody diarrhea

Front 14

What are the three most common causes of diarrhea in the world?

Back 14

Campylobavter, ETEC, and Rotavirus

Front 15

What is Traveler's diarrhea caused by and what toxins does it produce?

Back 15

Enterotoxigenic E. Coli (ETEC); ST and LT toxins

Front 16

What causes gas gangrene and what type of diarrhea does it cuasE?

Back 16

Clostridium perfringens; watery diarrhea

Front 17

What are the most common causes of pneumonia in neonates?

Back 17

Group B strept, E.coli

Front 18

What are the most common causes of pneumonia in children (4 wks-18 yrs)?

Back 18

Viruses (RSV), Mycoplasma, Chlamydia pneumoniae, Streptococcus pneumonia. Runts May Cause Sputum

Front 19

What are the most common causes of nosocomial pneumonia?

Back 19

Staphylococcus, enteric gram-negative rods

Front 20

What is the most common cause of pneumonia in alcoholic/IV drug users?

Back 20

S. pneumoniae, Klebsiella, Staphylococcus

Front 21

What is the most common cause of pneumonia in cystic fibrosis patients?

Back 21

Pseudomonas

Front 22

What is the most common cause of pneumonia postviral?

Back 22

Staphylococcus, H. influenzaef

Front 23

What are the most common causes of atypical pneumonia?

Back 23

Mycoplasma, Legionella, Chlamydia (C. Pneumoniae and C. Psittaci)

Front 24

What are the viral cause of meningitis?

Back 24

Enteroviruses (esp. coxsackievirus), HSV, HIV, West Nile virus, VZV

Front 25

What causes meningitis in HIV?

Back 25

Cryptococcus, CMV, toxoplasmosis (brain abscess), JC virus (PML)

Front 26

What shape is Campylobacter and what type of diarrhea does it produce?

Back 26

Comma or S-shaped; Bloody diarrhea

Front 27

What are the three most common causes of diarrhea in the world?

Back 27

Campylobavter, ETEC, and Rotavirus

Front 28

What is Traveler's diarrhea caused by and what toxins does it produce?

Back 28

Enterotoxigenic E. Coli (ETEC); ST and LT toxins

Front 29

What causes gas gangrene and what type of diarrhea does it cuasE?

Back 29

Clostridium perfringens; watery diarrhea

Front 30

What are the most common causes of pneumonia in neonates?

Back 30

Group B strept, E.coli

Front 31

What are the most common causes of pneumonia in children (4 wks-18 yrs)?

Back 31

Viruses (RSV), Mycoplasma, Chlamydia pneumoniae, Streptococcus pneumonia. Runts May Cause Sputum

Front 32

What are the most common causes of nosocomial pneumonia?

Back 32

Staphylococcus, enteric gram-negative rods

Front 33

What is the most common cause of pneumonia in alcoholic/IV drug users?

Back 33

S. pneumoniae, Klebsiella, Staphylococcus

Front 34

What is the most common cause of pneumonia in cystic fibrosis patients?

Back 34

Pseudomonas

Front 35

What is the most common cause of pneumonia postviral?

Back 35

Staphylococcus, H. influenzaef

Front 36

What are the most common causes of atypical pneumonia?

Back 36

Mycoplasma, Legionella, Chlamydia (C. Pneumoniae and C. Psittaci)

Front 37

What are the viral cause of meningitis?

Back 37

Enteroviruses (esp. coxsackievirus), HSV, HIV, West Nile virus, VZV

Front 38

What causes meningitis in HIV?

Back 38

Cryptococcus, CMV, toxoplasmosis (brain abscess), JC virus (PML)

Front 39

What are the CSF findings in bacterial meningitis?

Back 39

Inc. pressure, Inc. PMNs, Inc. protein, Dec. sugar

Front 40

What are the CSF findings in fungal/TB meningitis?

Back 40

Inc. pressure, Inc. lymphocytes, Inc. protein, Dec. sugar

Front 41

What are the CSF findings in viral meningitis?

Back 41

Normal/inc pressure, Inc lymphocytes, Normal/inc protein, Normal sugar

Front 42

What is the most common cause of osteomyelitis?

Back 42

S. aureus

Front 43

What is the most common cause of osteomyelitis in drug addicts and diabetics?

Back 43

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Front 44

What is the most common cause of osteomyelitis in sickle cell disease pts?

Back 44

Salmonella

Front 45

What is the most common cause of osteomyelitis in prostetic replacement pts?

Back 45

S. Aureus and S. epidermidis

Front 46

What is the most common cause of osteomyelitis in the vertebra? What is another name for this disease?

Back 46

Mycobacterium tuberculosis - Pott's disease

Front 47

What is the most common cause of osteomyelitis in cat and dog bites or scratches?

Back 47

Pasteurella multocida

Front 48

What is the most common cause of Urinary tract infections (ambulatory)?

Back 48

E. coli (50-80%)

Front 49

What is the 2nd most common cause of UTI in young, sexually active, ambulatory women?

Back 49

Staphylococcus saprophyticus

Front 50

What organisms are responsible mainly for nosocomial UTIs?

Back 50

E. coli, Proteus, Klebsiella, Serratia, Pseudomonas

Front 51

What are predisposing factors to UTIs?

Back 51

Flow obstruction, kidney surgery, catheterization, gynecologic abnormalities, diabetes, and pregnancy

Front 52

What UTI bug produces a red pigment and is often nosocomial and drug resistant?

Back 52

Serratia marcescens

Front 53

What UTI bug colonies show metallic sheen on EMB agar? What is EMB agar?

Back 53

EMB agar: eosin methylene blue. E. Coli

Front 54

What are three significant features of Enterobacter clocae?

Back 54

Often nosocomial and drug resistant. Common UTI bug

Front 55

What UTI bug has a large mucoid capsule and viscous colonies?

Back 55

Klebsiella pneumoniae

Front 56

What UTI bug has motility that causes "swarming" on agar?

Back 56

Proteus mirabilis

Front 57

Where does Proteus mirabilis fall in the Gram negative lab flowchart?

Back 57

Rod; Oxidase negative. With Salmonella and Shigella

Front 58

What UTI bug produces urease and is associated with struvite stones?

Back 58

Proteus mirabilis

Front 59

What does a positive leukocyte esterase int he urine show?

Back 59

UTI is bacterial

Front 60

What does a positive nitrite test in the urine show?

Back 60

UTI is gram negative

Front 61

Name the ToRCHeS infections. What is their significance?

Back 61

Toxoplasma gondii, Rubella, CMV, HIV, HSV type 2, Syphilis; Transmitted in utero or during vaginal birth

Front 62

What are other important congenital infections that are not ToRCHeS infections?

Back 62

Listeria, E. coli, and group B strept

Front 63

Classic triad present in neonate toxoplasma gondii infection

Back 63

Chorioretinitis, intracranial calcifications, and hydrocephalus

Front 64

What are the clinical manifestations of neonatal rubella infection?

Back 64

Deafness, cataracts, heart defects (PDA, pulmonary artery stenosis), microcephaly, and mental retardation

Front 65

What neonatal infection presents with petechial rash, intracranial calcifications, mental retardation, hepatosplenomegaly, microcephaly, jaundice but 90% are asymptomatic at birth?

Back 65

CMV

Front 66

HIV neonatal infection presents with

Back 66

Hepatosplenomegaly, neurologic abnormalities, frequent infections.

Front 67

HSV type 2 neonatal infection presents with and is transmitted by

Back 67

Encephalitis, conjunctivitis, vesicular skin lesions. Often asymptomatic at birth. Most infections transmitted during birth through an infected maternal genital tract

Front 68

How do Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrheae differ in presentation?

Back 68

C. trachomatis: subacute, often undiagnosed. N. gonorrhea: acute, high fever

Front 69

What is the chandelier sign?

Back 69

Cervical motion tenderness

Front 70

What complications can PID lead to?

Back 70

Salpingitis, endometritis, hydrosalpinx, and tubo-ovarian abscess

Front 71

What complication can PID lead to involving the liver?

Back 71

Fitz-Hugh-Curtis syndrome: infection of the liver capsule and "violin string" adhesions of parietal peritoneum to liver

Front 72

Respiratory therapy equipment exposure and burns are risk factors for what bacterial infection

Back 72

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Front 73

Branching rods in an oral infection are indicative of

Back 73

Actinomyces israelii

Front 74

Traumatic open wound can lead to

Back 74

Clostridium perfringes infection