Fire-Portable Extinguishers

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The classes of fire are

Back 1

A, B, C, D and K

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Class A is

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ordinary combustible including wood, paper, plastic, etc.
» Use water or class A dry chemical to extinguish.
» A picture symbol of a burning trash can the letter "A" , and a green triangle ∆.

Front 3

Class B is

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flammable and combustible liquids.
» Extinguishment by use of dry chemical agents, halogenated agents, or foam. These fires are extinguish by blanketing and smothering or breaking the chain of reaction.
» A picture symbol is the red square □ and the letter "B."

Front 4

Class C is

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energized electrical equipment.
» Extinguished with nonconductive agents such as carbon dioxide, halon, and dry chemical. These fires are extinguish by turning off the energy to the unit of by a non conductive agent.
» A picture symbol of a plug near an electrical outlet fire, a blue circle Ο and the letter "C."

Front 5

Class D is

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combustible metals.
» Extinguish with agents that are a sodium chloride material which is used to cover the material. Donot use multipurpose extinguisher.
» No picture just a yellow star and the letter "D."

Front 6

Class K is

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fire involving cooking oil.
» Put out with is sometimes called media extinguishers.
» Picture is a frying pan with flames and the letter "K."

Front 7

Class A is rated

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» 1-A requires 1 and 1/4 gallons of water.
» 2-A will extinguish twice as much as 1-2 and so forth.

Front 8

Class B is rated

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» The rating is based on the fire involving a 2 inch layer of n-heptane that a nonexpert operator can extinguish.
» Every 1-B rating corresponds to 1 square foot of flammable liquid.

Front 9

The most common types of extinguishing agents are

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water, dry chemical, carbon dioxide, halogenated hydrocarbons, foam, and dry powder.

Front 10

Characteristics of water

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Physical:
Water is most commonly 2.5 gallons discharges 30 to 40feet for about 30 to 60 seconds, and uses pump or pressure to expel agent.
Agent:
A) Water freezes at 32 degrees F, has a high surface tension, and needs expellant force.
» The agent for water removes heat to extinguish the fire, and is good on class A only.
Advantages and limitations:
A) » Advantages of water is that it absorbs a large amount of heat and can be used with specialized agents
» Limitations is that it conducts electricity, freezes and has a high surface tension, and may react with certain chemicals.

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Characteristics of dry chemical

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Physical:
B) Dry chemical can range from 2.5 pounds to 350 pounds, discharge 5 to 20 feet, and last 8 to 25 seconds, and uses cartride stored pressure to expel the agent.
Agents:
B) Many different agents the most common being Monammonium phosphate -multipurpose- Tri-class.
» The extinguishing principle is breaking the chain of reaction.
» Use on multi A,B, C and just B and C.
Advantages and limitations:
B) » Advantages of dry chemical is that it is nontoxic, nonconductive, and quick to knock down flame.
» The Limitations is that causes breathing difficulties, insulating qualities, corrosive properties, not flash back resistive (no cooling), chemicals not interchangeable, and some are not compatible with foam.

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Characteristics of carbon dioxide

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Physical:
C) Carbon dioxide can weight 2.5 pounds to 100 =, discharge 3 to 8 feet, and last 8 to 30 seconds, and uses it own pressure to expel agent.
Agent:
C) Carbon dioxide is agent is normally a gas, 1.5 times heavier than air, low in temperature, and can be stored as a liquid.
» Extinguishes fires primary by smothering a layer of CO2 between the fuel and air.
» Use for class B and C fires with limited effect on class A.
Advantages and limitations:
C) » Advantages are is that carbon dioxide is non-reactive, has its own discharge pressure, nonconductive, and has no residue.
» Limitations are visibility, noise, short range, and dissipates rapidly, all while displacing oxygen.

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Characteristics of halogenated hydrocarbons

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Physical:
D) Halogenated hydrocarbons (which was stopped in 94 due to its effect on ozone layer and is being weeded out)
2.5 pounds to 150, discharges 3 to 8 feet, lasting 8 to 30 seconds, and uses stored pressure to expel agent.
Agent:
D) Halon agent is stored as a liquid under pressure and is 2.5 times more effective than CO2.
» Breaks chemical process.
» Use on class B and C mostly with sensitive electrical equipment.
Advantages and disadvantages:
D) » Advantages of halon are high expansion ratio, needs no expellant, nonconductive, noncorrosive, and no residue.
» Limitation is that halon can be toxic and create other toxic gases under fire conditions.

Front 14

Characteristics of foam

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Physical:
Foam is 2.5 gallons and discharges 20 to 25 feet lasting 50 seconds, using stored pressure to expel agent.
Agent:E) Foam agent is gas-filled bubbles, lighter than solution from which formed, floats on flammable liquids, and can be proportioned at various concentrations.
» Extinguishes by smothering and some cooling.
» For class A and B fires only, CLASS C WOULD GET U SHOCKED.
Advantages and limitations:
E) » Advantages of foam include being nontoxic and its flow capabilities.
» Limitations be not compatible with some other agents, freezes, the discharge distance, it that it is conductive.

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Characteristics of dry powder

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Physical:
F) Dry Powder weights 30 to 350 pounds, discharges 4 to 6 feet, lasting 19 to 30 seconds, using shovel of cartridge to expel the agent.
Agent:
F) Dry powder agent is fine powder, needs expellant force and no single agent is effective on all types of combustible metals.
» Extinguish method is by smothering.
» Design only for class D fires.
Limitations:
F) » Limitations of class D is that it can be packed, cannot be interchange with chemicals, is expensive, and may need large quantities in order to work.