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216 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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what gave the epa the right to control hazmat waste from the cradle to the grave?
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RCRA
Resource Conservation and Recovery Act |
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The epa control form the RCRA resource conservation recovery act includes?
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generation
tranportation treatment storage disposal of hazardous waste |
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the toxic Substances Control Cat TSCA of 1976 gave the EPA the ability to track?
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the 75k industrial chemicals produced and imported
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the HCS Hazard Communication Standard is designed to ensure?
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information about chemical hazards are associated protective measures
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the officers speaking trumpet emphasises the fire officers responsibility to ?
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communicate
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successful communication occurs when two people develop a mutual?
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understanding
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The sender normally chooses a medium by which the message
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is sent
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what has significant influence on how a message is interpreted?
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the medium
the medium influences the importance that is attached |
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almost every task a fire officer is expected to perform depends on the ability to?
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communicate
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success as a superior depends on how freely subordinates?
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talk to you
keep you informed tell you whats bothering them |
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what techniques may help to improve your listening?
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dont assume anything
dont interrupt try to understand the need do not react too quickly |
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ignoring an inaccurate statement may only foster ?
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erroneous information on the grapevine
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fire officers need to deal with rumors that create stress by determining ?
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accurate information and sharing it
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environmental noise is a _____or________condition?
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physical or sociological condiition
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noise includes ________that can clog or interfere with the message?
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anything
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what kind of noise interference is poor cell phone reception?
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physical
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the fire ground and emergency scene require what communication practices?
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different practices than used when dealing with admin or supervisory personnel
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the direct approach for communication on a emergency scene entails ?
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providing timely and accurate info
giving clear and specific orders |
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verbal skills are a core competency for?
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fire officer
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what is a simple affirmation of the written record?
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interrogatory
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the most important factor in any reporting situation is that a report is intended to?
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provide information
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what are the different types of reports?
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Routine
morning monthly infrequent special reports |
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what reports are related to fire dept personnel, programs, equipment, facilities?
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routine reports
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what lists all the type of info kept in a company journal?
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general orders
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morning report is made by what means?
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email
fax telephone |
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two other routine reports are ?
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annual fire fighter performance and fire safety inspection
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what report requires a fire officers personal attention to assure its complete and precise?
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infrequent reports
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the workmans comp form is what kind of document?
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control document that starts state file relating to the claim
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a decision document usually includes?
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statement of problem or issue
background restrictions options recommendation |
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the statement of problem or issue is usually _____or_______sentences?
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1 or 2 sentence statement of the problem
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restrictions on a decision document outline?>
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the restrictions affecting the decision
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the option section of a decision document in most cases offer what option?
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do nothing
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the recommendation section of a decision document should be based on considerations that would make sense to?
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the decision maker
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the next action section on a decision document should clearly state the action that should be taken?
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to implement the recommendation
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an expanded incident narrative report requires?
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all company members to submit a narrative description
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list examples of what incidents would require an expanded narrative?
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civilian fatality
crime scene or arson investigation official recognition death or serious injury liability internal investigation hi profile incident require review from chief |
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the fire officer should consider what when writing a report?
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the formal goal
the potential reader appropriate format analyze/interpret data |
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the fire depts record management system contains what information?
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run reports
training occupancy inspections pre incident plans hydrant testing staffing data activity records |
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when presenting a verbal presentation you should provide what information?
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get their attention
interest statement details action |
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what recognizes inputs from the keyboard, keeps tracks of files and controlling external devices?
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operating software
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spreadsheet software?
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works
excel quattro pro lotus 123` |
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the most common form of communication is?
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email
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database software is similar to?
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spreadsheets
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name the different database programs?
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access
oracle filemaker pro |
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the communication skill set becomes more important as the individual?
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rises higher in rank
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a recommendation report is prepared by the fire officer for?
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the senior staff
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every fire officer must be ready to perform what duties at any incident?
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assuming initial command
establish basic management structure follow sop |
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one of the foundations of IMS
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hierarchical command and control
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Standardized command systems are based upon?
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model structures and procedures than can be applied and understood by every fdept
(recent development) |
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IMS evolved over past
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30 years
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what led to resources in the California fires to be used in a disconnected manner?
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deficiencies in
radio systems compatibilities standard terminology equipment compatitbility |
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Firescope set out to resolve what issues that are encountered with large operations?
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jurisdictional
interoperability standardization |
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what nfpa mandated the use of an incident command system?
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NFPA 1500
standard on Fdept occupational safety and health program. |
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Fire Depts can meet the requirements of nfpa 1561 by?
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adoptin ICS or FGC
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what group developed the procedure guides for implementing effective ims?
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National Fire Service incident management Cosortium.
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what plan was issued in 1992 to address the federal governments repsonse to disasters such as hurricanes, floods, fires etc
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federal response plan
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FRP is designed for what size incidents?
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very large scale but can be used incrementally
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who is responsible for developing and maintaining the frp
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fema
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the fire service role includes the overall coordination of the ims for?
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federal disasters
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what is a new emergency support functions annex?
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terrorism annex
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the seattle fire dept was found negligent in?
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scba training and tracking of fire crews at large scale ops
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the issues at the seattle fire that lost ff's was ?
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the amount of time passed before the incident commander was aware a ff was missing
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Niosh looked at the number of incidents which ff died as a result of?
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becoming lost, disoriented or running out of air
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Niosh's four factors essential to protecting the fire fighters from injuries or death
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following established ff procedures
implementing an adequate respirator maintenance program establishing ff accountability at a scene using pass devices deficiencies in any one could lead to injury/death |
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the rit team two-in-two out was incorporated in NFPA ?
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1500
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a company level fire officer must be prepared to assume ?
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overall command of an incident and implement the IMS
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For EMERGENCY incident span of control is?
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3-5 pg 295
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in large incidents an additional level of management is implemented to maintain span of control called?
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Branches
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Branches are established to group?
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to group tactical components
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it is unlikely that a company officer would fill what position in the IMS?
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branch level position
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the nine functions of command?
neither rank or personality driven |
determine strategy
select incident tactics set the action plan develop the ims manage resources coordinate resource activities provide scene safety release information about incident coordinate with outside agencies |
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the initial radio report should include what information?
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id the company arriving
describe the incident obvious conditions action to be taken obvious safety concerns assumption, id and location of command request for additional resources |
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the fast attack mode should not last more than a few minutes and end when?
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scene is stabilized
scene is not stablized command is transfered to another officer |
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when a first arriving officer chooses Command Mode he established the command position in a safe area and initiates?
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a tactical worksheet
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the role of the initial incident commander at a scene is to?
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direct incoming units to take effective action
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while the incident commander remains outside his crew can?
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initiate fire suppression (w/acting company officer)
work under another company officer crew can stay with ic and perform staff functions |
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at a large incident command can be transferred how many times?
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more than once
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the existing ic briefs the ne IC on what information?
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incident conditions
tactical worksheet and IAP progress toward completion of tactical objectives safety considerations deployment and assignment of operating companies and personnel need for additonal resources |
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what outlines the status and location of personnel and resources in a standard form
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tactical worksheet
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who may be assigned a division or group supervisor or may remain with IC at post?
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company officer
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a safety officer must be knoweldgable in what areas?
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fire behavior
building contruction and collapse potential ff strategy and tactics hazardous materials rescue practices dept safety rules and regs |
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a safety officer should have considerable experience in ?
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incident response
specialized training in occupational safety and health |
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what are excellent resources for people interested in serving in a safety officer capacity?
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the national fire academy's incident safety officer and advanced safety officer operations and management courses
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the general staff positions are?
located where? |
operations
planning logistics finance from the main command post or a different location |
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which part of the command organization produces the most visible results?
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operations
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who is responsible for developing and updating the IAP?
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Planning
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who helps keep track of resources at large scale events?
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planning section
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the planning functions may be delegated to?
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subunits
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what units can the planning function be delegated to?
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resource unit
situation unit documentation unit demobilization unit technical specialist unit |
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at most incident the IAP is short and can be expressed how?
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in a few short words by IC
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what section of IMS is similar to the purchasing and support services department of a large company?
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logistics
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logistics sub units may be?
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supply unit
facilities unit ground support unit communications unit food unit medical unit |
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a finance/admin section of IMS is established during?
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natural disasters
hazmat calls when reimbursement from state, federal private companies is expected |
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sub units of the finance/admin section of IMS?
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time unit
procurement unit compensation unit claims unit cost unit |
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tactical level management elements that are used to assemble companies and resources for a common purpose
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division, group, sectors
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a sector can be applied either?
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a geographical or functional component
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a division/group/sector supervisors duties are?
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reallocating or releasing assigned resources
ensuring operations are conducted safely pf 303 |
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the division/group/sector supervisiors are required to coordinated their activities with?
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each other
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a branch is a supervisory level established in either the?
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operations or logistics function
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a branch director will be in charge of a number of?
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division/group/sectors
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terminology for working on the roof or in a cellar?
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roof division
cellar division |
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the incident commander may call for a greater alarm to have what ready>
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resources in case they are needed
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in level I staging who responds to the scene?
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only predesignated units
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what guides how and where a unit will stage?
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sop
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a task force lead can be what officer?
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company level
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a strike team leader is usually a ?
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command officer(battalion)
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requirements for wildland ff water?
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2 days
5 gallons per day 6 energy bars summer time 10 gallons per day |
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situations with multi company operations should be reviewed based upon ?
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how well the whole team performed
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the primary purpose of a review process should always be?
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to serve as a educational and training tool
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a fire officer should approach every post incident review in what manner?
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non threatening manner to provide an open format
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a incident review of a building fire should begin with a review of the?
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building
size and arrangement construction type date of construction known modifications or renovations any known significant history |
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a great quality control technique is to compare a pre incident plan with?
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the incident that occured
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the office acting as the critique moderator is responsible for ?
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establishing ground rules that state the critique is not designed to find fault
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the officer directing the critique should provide his prespective and assessment of the operation including?
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both positive and negative factors
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the training division should receive copies of all incident reviews to determine?
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training deficiencies
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what part of IMS may deal with legal issues?
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finance/admin
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every fire officer must understand what elements of fire fighting strategy and tactics?
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the basic
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the fire officer uses a participative style of leadership in order to promote?
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productivity and group cohesiveness
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a fire has great latitude in deciding how work is accomplished during what activities?
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non emergency
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work performed on an emergency scene should be structured and consitent and is accomplished by?
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following sop
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what promotes a standard approach to safety
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sops
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state aid agencies such as overhead command teams are?
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national guard and statewide mutual aid for fire,law, ems
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Chief Loyd Layman authored what book in 1940?
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Fundamentals of fire Tactics
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laymans step 3 (situation)involves 3 parts ?
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whether resources on scene and en route can handle
the specific capabilities and limitations of responding resources capabilities and limits of personnel |
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the fourth step in laymans size up procedure is ?
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making fire attack Decisions
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which one of laymans steps in not included in other size up methods?
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plan of operation
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to determine where the fire is going the fire officer must consider?
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the current location and stage of development of the fire
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the where it is going question is closely related to laymans #2?
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probabilities step
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the how do I control it question is closely related to laymans (3) step?
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situation step
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what is the key factor in selecting the appropriate strategic mode?
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risk benefit mode
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what regulates the degree of risk to all fire fighters that is acceptable in a given situation?
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strategic mode
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what determines the appropriate strategy for an incident?
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risk analysis
offensive defensive transitional |
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the transitional attack applies to a situation where an offensive attack is initiated with recognition that?
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it could be unsuccessful
back up lines are put in defensive positions at the same time |
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a transitional attack could be the initial attack made with a master stream to knock down a fire for?
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offensive attack
only if there are lives to be saved |
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kimball method
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3gpm per 100 cubic feet
pg 323 |
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the method based on a building is ordinary construction with average fuel load and fully involved?
using large caliber streams |
kimbell method
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the method to determine flow to knock down a fire in a fully involved structure or in an enclosed compartment?
using fog streams? |
Iowa state
1 gpm per 100 cubic feet for 30 seconds pg 325 |
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method use for a building partially on fire and accounts for exposure protection?
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national fire academy fire flow formula
pg 325 |
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two major components of IAP
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strategy
tactics |
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the life safety portion of the IAP refer to >
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all people who are at risk
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when could venting take precedence over rescue?
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potential backdraft
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fire apparatus should be positioned to protect?
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the scene
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red tape is used to ?
yellow tape is used to? |
red is to warn of hazards
yellow is to control access |
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mayday is used to indicate?
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a lost, missing or endangered ff
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in order to verify a par the officer must be in what contact?
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visible or physical
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a zero clearance chimney has a clearance of?
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1" of air separates the steel flue and outside flue
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which homes have extensive insulation?
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newer single family dwellings or renovated mdu
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when sprinklers are installed in tall buildings this allowed for?
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longer hallways and taller buildings
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The aviation industry reduced its accident rate by_______% through?
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80% through behavior modification. CRM
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recognizing errors due occur generates better?
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performance
fewer mistakes lower injury rates |
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who else has adopted CRM?
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us military
medical field |
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in relation to the number of fires the number of ff's killed or injured in the line of duty has?
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increased
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who states human error plays a major role in ff fatalities?
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osha
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on average approximately ______ff die each year in the US as a result of ff?
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25
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human error is the rule not?
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the exception
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the hallmark of csm is error management through?
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improved communications
decision making and maintenance of situational awareness |
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the fundamental concept of CRM is to recognize that some errors will occure despite?
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the best efforts to prevent them.
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the balance to strike is that CRM acknowledges?
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that errors occur
promotes strategies and concepts that minimize the effects of those errors creates an environment where all team members remain more alert(situationally aware) |
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the basic objective of CRM is to cause?
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an appropriate reaction when errors do occur
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Dr Helmreich, states a catastrophic event is not the result of?
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single stand alone error.
series of errors occur simultaneously or in partial sequence. |
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what are DuPonts dirty dozen why humans make mistakes?
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lack of communication
complacency lack of knowledge distraction lack of teamwork fatigue lack of resources pressure lack of assertiveness stress lack of awareness Norms |
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The CRM approach requires what to achieve lifesaving results?
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institutional change
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if we recognize human error is unavoidable we must plan to ?
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minimize the negative impact
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what provides the greatest opportunity to capture error?
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avoidance
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the action taken by emergency responders to minimize the effect of an emergency on a community is?
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mitigation
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how does CRM enhance authority?
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through all for one and one for all approach
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what is the six point CRM model that works well with Fire Fighting?
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Communication skills
team work task allocation critical decision making situational awareness debriefing |
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when CRM is applied to an organization it requires everyone in the chain of command to recognize what?
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no one in infallible
humans create technology therefor its fallible catastrophes are result of chain of event everyone has an obligation to speak up people who work together effectively are less likely to have accidents |
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communicating involves what two primary forms?
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verbal
non verbal |
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CRM advocates speaking directly but not in a manner that?
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challenges the authority of a superior
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The British aviation world termed CRM ?
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charm school
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a buzzword used to signal discomfort with a situation is?
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red light
red flag |
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buzzwords open the door to?
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inquiry and advocacy
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buzzwords should be reserved for situations that involve?
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immediate risk of injury
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Todd Bishop teaches what five step assertive statement process?
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opening/attention getter
state your concern state the problem as you see it state a solution obtain agreement (buy in) |
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what are the toughest parts of CRM to impart and adopt ?
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inquiry and advocacy
assertive statement |
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why is the inquiry and advocacy and the assertive statement hard to impart?
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requires a wholesale change in interpersonal dynamics
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one technique to refrain from responding to early is to?
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wait until individual stops for a breath
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Leaders will always be in charge but in order to be effective in a CRM environment they must be open?
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to constructive criticism
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the officers primary responsibility is to develop an effective ?
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team environment that supports safe and effective operations
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fire officers formally exercise leadership of the team through a combination of?
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rank and authority
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the leadership triangle?
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effective leadership
trust and respect leadership skills |
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social competence requires a leader to know how to speak to people respectfully whether?
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praising or chastising them
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who produces highly effective team and have great affinity for their people?
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leaders who mentor their people
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One of the basic premises of CRM is human error is?
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a normal inevitable occurence
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failing to admit a mistake compromises a leaders?
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authority
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what demonstrates a serious character flaw that undermines a leaders creditbility?
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hiding mistakes
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admitting mistakes creates what kind of environment?
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one that fosters open communication
promotes safety encourages subordinates belief in the team |
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mentoring requires sharing?
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knowledge
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technical competence inspires?
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respect
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the focal point of CRM in conflict resolution is to focus on?
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what is right not who is right
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newly indoctrinated CRM disciples often feel crm advocates management by?
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committee
or leadership gives way to consensus not true |
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mission analysis requires fire leaders to look at all situations with a?
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risk versus gain mentality
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the self assessment for followers determines?
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their ability to function as a team?
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self assessment?
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physical condition
mental condition attitude understanding human behavior |
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followership enhances?
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leadership
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task allocation refers to dividing responsibilities among?
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individuals or teams that allow for effective accomplishment
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when task overload occurs what is compromised?
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safety
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the first step in the task allocation phase of CRM is?
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knowing ones own limits and capacity
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what categories do fire officers fall into concerning task overload?
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some wont admit overwhelmed and believe they are more effective as the situation becomes more hectic
the second become overwhelmed before the full complexity is realized the third effectively calls for help |
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what are proven techniques for enhancing crm performance?
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training
live training table top modeling didactic presentations mentoring exchanging personnel |
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who is an expert on decision making under pressure?
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gary klein
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a recommended practice for improving decision making is?
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gaining experience
training constantly improving communication skills pre planning incidents |
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the accurate perception of whats going on around you is?
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situational awareness
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six steps to maintaining situational awareness?
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fight the fire
assess problems in time available gather info from all sources choose the best option monitor results beware of situational loss factors |
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an event , order or message that has more than one potential meaning is?
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ambiguity
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situational awareness loss facotrs?
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ambiguity
distraction fixation (tunnel vision) overload complacency improper procedure unresolved discrepancy nobody is fighting the fire |
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maintaining situational awareness requires relying on ?
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training
experience decision making professionalism good mental physical condtion |
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crew joggers?
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what do we have
whats going on here how are we doing does this look right |
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mental joggers
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what do I know that they need to know?
what do they know that I need to know what do we all need to know? |
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a formal debriefing should emphasize?
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the elements of communication and teamwork (leadership and followership)
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who should conduct a crm debriefing?
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a strong facilitator who can keep participant focused
someone not involved |
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fire service debriefings should ?
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review incident
capitalize on the posititves id short comings discuss strategies for improvement allow participants to see and hear the incident through a different set of eyes |
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points in a debriefing like weather and time of arrival are concrete, points like hoseline placement and fire conditions are?
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more argumentative
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for the debriefing state?
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just the facts
what did you do? what went wrong what went right what are we going to do about it? |
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the deaths of ff's in what categories have remained stable over the years?
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stress and fireground ops
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