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95 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
It is important for new drivers to understand that the apparatus they are trained to operate has changed in many ways intended to make firefighters more
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efficient and to provide higher level of safety to fire service members
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Fire protection was limited to the use of Water relays with leather buckets passed from person to person called a
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Bucket Brigade
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Colonial era firefighters had only
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Buckets ladders, and fire hooks at their disposal.
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The firehook would be used to
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To pull down a burning building and prevent fire from spreading to nearby structures
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Cities employed Watchmen to walk the streets at night looking for fires. When spotted Watchmen would run through the streets and rattle device alerting residents to turn out to help fight fire this is called
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Rattle watch
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Evolution of firefighting tools is heavily influenced by fire suppression teams in Europe. In 1720 Richard newsham developed the first _______ in London to replace the bucket Brigade.
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Hand pump
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In early eighteen hundreds the city of Philadelphia developed a Municipal Water Supply using wooden water mains thet could be tapped for firefighting. To get water from the fire plugs (early hydrants) the firefighters used hose made from strips leather held together with rivets. To access water the firefighters would_____
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Drill into the main water pipes access the water from spilling out of the leak and then plug the leak in the pipe on the fire was suppressed
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The leather hose was stored on
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Hose carts with that had a large real
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The couplings for the fire plugs were made by a local blacksmith each Community had its own coupling threads based on capabilities of the local blacksmith. Until _____
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The great Baltimore fire in 1904 resulted in the development of standardized coupling threads after Mutual Aid forces supplied by Philadelphia New York and other locals were stymied when their equipment could not hook up
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Heather driver operator you should be familiar with any adapters that
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Will allow you to connect to hydrants outside your normal response area
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A type of piston driven positive displacement pump that was pushed up and down by firefighters Manning polls at the side of the pump
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Hand pumps
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Large-capacity hand pumps also required more Personnel to operate in fact some required
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Six to eight firefighters to operate the pump
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With the Advent of the Steam powered pumps called Steamers in the mid-eighteen hundreds
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Horses replace in moving equipment to the fireground
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The first mechanized fire pumps were generally fueled by
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Coal
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Drivers of the horses called Teamsters were hired with their horses to stay at the firehouse and
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Transport the steamer to the fireground
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One steam pumper could deliver the same volume of water as six or more hand bumpers with
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8 or more firefighters working each pump handle in 15 to 20 minutes shifts
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The term engineer was used to identify the firefighter charged with
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Operating the steam engine
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The term engineer was used to identify the firefighter charged with operating the steam engine. This task required knowledge of
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Hydraulics, pressure regulators, and use of a unique source of energy to propel a pump
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The dalmatian had a good temperament around horses was a good companion and was effective in racing ahead of the belching and noisy steamer thereby helping to
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clear the streets errant animals and people blocking the path of the fire wagon
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The wooden aerial ladder used cranks to rotate the ladder on a turntable and had a large wheel to
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Raise, extend, or retract wooden aerial ladder.
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Improvements to the wooden aerial ladder included heavy springs that caused
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The latter to from its resting position
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As the links of the latter's increased even further a steering wheel is placed on the rear axle so that a
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Tiller person could help maneuver the long ladders through the streets
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The first elevated streams were water towers mounted on wagons and pulled by horses. When raised these elevated streams could raise
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30 feet in the air
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The first gasoline powered fire apparatus emerged around_____. These units were initially small cars used by_______
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1900. Chief officers to drive to the fireground.
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The next gasoline powered unit to evolve within the fire service was the
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Ladder wagon
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A gasoline-powered unit in which the front axle and horses were replaced by a single axle tractor used to propel and steer the fire apparatus
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Ladder wagon
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The first gasoline powered fire apparatus to discharge water with a unit called
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A chemical wagon
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Chemical wagon. This small truck carried a large soda acid extinguisher and 50 foot or more
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Small hose (booster line size)
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Chemical wagon carried a large soda acid extinguisher in 50 foot or more of small hose. It also carried a supply of
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Double jacketed cotton hose , a short ladder, and running board on which firefighters would ride.
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Does trucks became larger and stronger a small pump called a _______ was added; a small hose line, called a________ was attached to this pump.
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Booster pump. Booster line.
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The real breakthrough for today's modern fire apparatus came in 1906 when the _______ was introduced.
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Triple combination Pumper
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Triple combination Pumper also had a pump capacity of
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250 gallons per minute or greater
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Triple combination Pumper. Additionally two and a half inch hose was carried for water supply purposes as well as fire fighting hose commonly ____ in diameter.
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1.5 inches
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Triple combination Pumper. A driver operator and officer rode in the cab and the rest of the company rode on
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On the tailboard
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Hydraulic pressure could be used to perform the tasks of
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Lifting, rotating, and extending the aerial device.
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Hydraulic pressure could be used to perform the tasks of lifting rotating and extending the aerial device. This development allowed the aerial ladders to be made of_____, reach further, and _____________- and today's modern ladder truck was born.
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Steel. Carry greater loads.
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In the new devices ladder fly and bed pipes were added to
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Improve elevated streams
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What's a stronger metal ladders large-caliber nozzles could be used to
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Flow more water into the fire
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The articulating booms provided greater flexibility in operating in areas filled with
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electrical wires and instructions
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The ladder Tower provided a solid platform at the end of a boom. They gave firefighters a platform to work from, a device to use for _______ that eliminated the need for the victims to navigate down a _____, and a platform to provide _______.
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Rescue. Ladder. Water tower equipment.
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With the development of large capacity pumps that require greater horsepower and torque, larger vehicles carrying more equipment, and loads to carry, the ____________ started to replace the Gas engine.
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Diesel engine
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Diesel engines were more reliable,
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Burn fuel more efficiently, and provided the desired horsepower and torque.
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Growing concerns for firefighter safety during the progression of the fire apparatus resulted in the adoption of standard National Fire Protection Association
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1500 standard on Fire Department occupational safety and health program and NFPA 1901 standards for automotive Fire Apparatus
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NFPA 1500 requires that new fire apparatus be designed so that all members riding on a fire apparatus would be provided a
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seated area inside an enclosed cab
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NFPA 1901 required that fire apparatus manufacturers install
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Seat belt warning devices verify that a firefighter is seated and belted
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Engine brakes also known as compression brakes open valves in the cylinders of diesel engines to
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Divert compression from the cylinders to create drag and slow the vehicle
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Transmission retarders divert transmission fluid through every Charter chamber which causes resistance to be blind to the
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Drivetrain with the energy displaced to heat transfer to the vehicle's cooling system
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Exhaust brakes restrict exhaust flow from the engine decompression held and the engines limit the movement of the
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Piston and in turn the crank shaft thereby slowing the vehicle XS compression is forced through exhaust brake which absorbs the energy
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Driveline retarders essentially use an electrical current to create a
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Magnetic force that slows the rotation of the drive shaft or axle
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Anti-lock brake systems used Subarus mounted on each wheel control brake application in the event of a sudden stop. Hebraic application applies the correct amount of break to each wheel to
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Prevent the wheels from locking up replacing the vehicle in a skid which would take steering control away from the driver operator
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Automatic traction control operates in conjunction with ABS system using the same wheel speed sensors and Brake application devices. ATC system detects situations in which the vehicle made into a skid and
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Applies precise amounts of breaking to help the vehicle maintain Traction in Slippery road conditions thereby allowing the driver operator to maintain steering control of the vehicle
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Commercial and custom cabs are both subjected to rollover crash testing, only________ are subjected to frontal impact testing.
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Custom Cabs
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Many custom fire apparatus manufacturers offer cabs outfitted with Supplemental restraint systems for some or all riding positions including front airbags side airbags and curtains. This equipment is usually combined with
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Seat belt pre-tensioner devices and suspension seat belt pull down devices
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Lateral acceleration alert device both mechanical and electronical devices are available to measure the lateral acceleration of a vehicle. Oboe these devices will not prevent_________ they can be used effectively as a driver training tool to indicate when the vehicle is approaching _________.
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Roll over
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These systems are designed to assist the driver operator with the safe operation of the apparatus by maintaining the straight orientation of a vehicle in an effort to prevent rollover collisions.
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Electronic stability control
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Steering wheel positioning sensors, lateral positioning sensors , and accelerometers work in conjunction with the ABS system to determine when the vehicle is approaching roll over threshold and then take action by
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Depowering the engine and apply the appropriate amount of braking
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NFPA 1901 now requires manufacturers to equip apparatus with recording systems that monitor all aspects of the performance and operation of the apparatus. These are called
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Vehicle data recorders
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Vehicle data recorders. These systems are helpful in reconstructing events of the apparatus Collision that may be extremely helpful in providing that the driver operator was operating the apparatus safely in the event of a collision. VDRs record information such as
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Vehicle speed, acceleration and deceleration data , braking system status , seatbelts occupied and the seatbelts status, the use of audible and visible warning devices, as well as time and date.
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VDRs data is controlled data and the driver operator and crew
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Do not typically have access
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Driver operators must wear all appropriate personal protective clothing including the use of reflective safety vest at
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All times while operating on roadways
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Apparatus should be positioned to provide a safe work area that
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Shelters to crews traffic
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Cones and warning signs should be placed not only to warn drivers of the incident but to
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Create traffic control zones
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Care should be taken to make certain that apparatus emergency lighting is
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Used carefully
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Some fire apparatus have been designed with top-mounted pump panels that provide a
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Better vantage point for viewing the entire scene
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Fire apparatus have also been built with pump panels on the fire officers side or rear of the fire apparatus. Also know as
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Curb side
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If the fire pump is to be used the apparatus should be positioned to
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Protect the pump panel and Driver operator from oncoming traffic
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Additional apparatus may be required to position in such a manner that creates a safe work Zone in the event that the initial apparatus must be positioned to
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Protect the pump panel
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NFPA 1901 required warning light systems to include two modes: What are they...
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1) a mode that makes the apparatus is visible to other drivers in order for them to yield the right-of-way to responding apparatus2) a mode for use on emergency seen that makes the apparatus invisible wall on Scenic specially while blocking at roadway incidents
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Fire apparatus are designed with larger windshields to provide
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Greater visibility
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Fire apparatus are designed with larger windshields to provide greater visibility and with heated mirrors to
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Prevent icing or frosting
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Unfortunately firefighter injuries and fatalities have occurred during the reversal of Fire Apparatus both at fire stations and on fire ground. For this reason many fire departments have established policies of using _______ before the fire apparatus backs up .
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Spotters
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Fire apparatus are also equipped with alarms to warn persons behind the fire apparatus that the vehicle is in reverse and maybe backing up. Even when such an alarm is present day driver operator must be cautious when backing up: ___________________
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Some people such as small children may not recognize the sound or heed the alarm
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The second leading cause of firefighter fatalities is
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Injuries sustained while responding or returning from a call
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According to the US fire Administration ______ firefighters died while responding to or returning from a call in 2012
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17
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As the driver of the fire apparatus you are a critical factor in ensuring
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A safe response
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You're responsible for operating the vehicle in a safe Manner and driving in a defensive manner to ensure both
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Safe arrival at the scene and a safe return to the fire station
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You're responsible for operating the vehicle in a safe Manner and driving in a defensive manner to ensure both a safe arrival at the scene and a safe return to the fire station. A critical component of this effort is the proper
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Maintenance of the fire apparatus
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While the design and features of the vehicle are important to safe driving the most important aspect of Crash prevention is
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The skill and experience of the driver operator
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The driver operator's _______, _______, _______, and _____________, are the most important elements in Crash prevention
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Attitude, training , experience, qualifications
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SOPs should include how to follow at
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Traffic control devices (traffic lights and stop signs), how fast the vehicle should be operated, and other safety operational procedures.
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Of particular importance is the process of proceeding safely through
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Traffic control devices
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Such Locations are where a significant number of accidents occur
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Traffic control devices
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Firefighters advancing hose line depend on constant flow of water at an adequate pressure not only to control the fire, but also to
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Provide a safe Retreat if needed
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Nissan loss of water or pressure could result in
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Serious injury or even death
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The incorrect positioning of an aerial device adjacent to electrical power lines could result in
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Firefighters being electrocuted
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The latter placed at an improper angle could result in
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Structural failure and collapse
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The increased water capacity along with enclosed cabs and other vehicle features makes the fire apparatus
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Heavier, larger, and more challenging to drive
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Is Brady going to promote on this test
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Hopefully
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Large-capacity hand pumps required more personal to operate in fact some require 6/8 firefighters at the pump Many of the units maintain what type of nozzle
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Fixed straight stream nozzle
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The first mechanized fire pumps were generally fueled by
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Coal
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First elevated streams are water towers mounted on wagons and pulled by horses would raise these elevated streams could raise
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30 feet in the air
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The first gasoline powered fire apparatus merged around
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1900
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First gasoline powered fire apparatus to discharge water with a unit called a
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Chemical wagonSmall truck carrying a large soda acid extinguisher and fifty feet or more of small hose
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Triple combination Pumper
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Carried water in a tank generally used for the booster line and commonly called a booster tank also had a pump capacity of 250gpm or greater also a 2 1/2" hose was carried for water supply purposes as well as firefighting hose, 1 1/2 "
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With the development of larger capacity pumps that required greater horsepower and torque larger Vehicles carrying more equipment and Greater loads to carry the _____ started to replace a gasoline engine
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Diesel engineMore reliable burned fuel more efficiency and provided the desire horsepower and torque
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