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39 Cards in this Set

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  • Back
What are the 2 types (agents) of feline coronavirosis?
-feline enteric coronavirus (FECV) = enteric infection
-Feline infectious peritonitis virus (FIPV) = systemic infection = FIP
How does the feline coronavirus result in systemic infection?
FECV can infect monocytes and cause viremia and potential FIP
How does FIP develop?
FECV causes viremia and then can mutate to "FIP" in the intestine of some cats
What environment is FECV common in?
Catteries
-variable prevalence, in a particular cattery its usually high or low
-prevalence in house w/ 1 to 2 cats is 1 in 5000
Are mixed or pure bred cats at higher risk of developing FIP?
Pure bred cats- weaker immune system
What is the FIPV shed in?
Feces and oronasal secretions
How is FIPV transmitted?
-Ingestion or inhalation of virus
-transplacental (Rare)
True or false. All cats that test positive for the coronavirus shed the virus.
False, only 30% of positive cats shed the virus and less than 10% of cats get the virus
What are the 2 forms of feline infectious peritonitis?
1) Effusive
2) Non-effusive
What cats develop the effusive form of FIP?
Cats with partial cell-mediated immunity (non-effusive form occurs in cats with a better immune response)
What is the effusive form of FIP?
Immune complex vasculitis ---> leaks protein rich fluid resulting in exudate in abdomen and sometimes the thoracic cavity
What can be done to help treat the effusive form of FIP?
Immunosuppression because vasculitis is immune mediated
What is the non-effusive form of FIP?
Pyogranulomatous or granulomatous lesions in eyes, brain, kidney and liver
What is a differential for bilateral nephromegaly?
Non-effusive form of FIP
What is a differential for bicavitary effusion?
Effusive form of FIP
What is one of the most common signs of FIP in young cats?
Jaundice
What are the clinical signs of FIP (in general)?
-Fever, weight loss
-jaundice
-chorioretinitis or iridocyclitis
-Multifocal CNS signs
-Nephromegaly or small kidneys
-splenomegaly
What are 3 signs of the EFFUSIVE form of FIP?
1) Muffled heart sounds
2) Abdominal distention
3) Dyspnea
What are 3 abnormalities that will be found on blood work of a cat with FIP?
1) Chronic inflammation-->
-nonregenerative anemia
-hyperproteinemia***
2) increased liver enzymes
3) Renal failure
What do you expect to find on electrophoresis of a cat with FIP?
Polyclonal gammopathy
Increased alpha2 and gamma
You perform an abdominoscentesis of a cat with the effusive form of FIP. Describe the protein content of the fluid.
Nonseptic pyogranulomatous exudate:
-Protein concentration 3.5 -12 g/dL
How do you know that FIP is unlikely according to the albumin content?
Albumin-to-globulin ratio >0.8 OR
Albumin > 48% of total protein
How can you tell if FIP is likely according to the total protein?
-Total protein > 3.5 and globulin > 50% of total protein OR
-gamma globulin > 32% of total protein concentration
Why is serology that uses detection of FIP antibodies using serology of little benefit?
It is a coronavirus test and is not standardized
What are 4 things that a positive FIP antibody test NOT tell you?
1) Doesn't diagnose FIP
2) Doesn't protect against the disease
3) Doesn't predict if cal will develop FIP
4) Doesn't identify cats that are shedding the virus
What are 3 reasons that cats with FIP can be serologically negative?
1) Rapid progressive disease
2) Immune complex formation
3) Severe immunosuppression
How do you make a presumptive diagnosis of the effusive form of FIP?
Clinical signs + effusion characteristics
What type of FIP does a cat have if it has FIP but does not have antibodies against the coronavirus (negative serology)?
Means the cat has the effusive form because the cat has such a horrible immune system that it has no antibodies
How can you come up with a presumptive diagnosis of the non-effusive form of FIP?
Clinical signs + hyperglobulinemia + serum antibody titer > 160 + Lymphopenia = PPV 88%
Describe the negative predictive value for a negative serology on a cat being tested for the non-effusive form of FIP.
High negative predictive value because cats with the non-effusive form have a good immune system so if the cat doesn't have antibodies to the coronavirus you can pretty much rule out non-effusive FIP
How can you definitely diagnose non-effusive FIP that causes neurological signs?
Find antibodies to the coronavirus in the CSF
In general, how can a definitive diagnosis of FIP be reached?
-Histopathology
-very high positive predictive value (in the effusion)- use FA in macs or RT-PCR
What are 4 options/components of FIP therapy?
1) Supportive therapy
2) alpha interpheron
-may improve effusive form, temporary relief at best
3) Immune suppression
-prenisone + cyclophosphamide or chlorambucil
4) Antibodies for secondary infection
What are 2 general ways to prevent FIP?
1) Avoid exposure
2) Vaccine
How do kittens most commonly contract the coronavirus that causes FIP after the maternal antibodies wane?
From other cats (not mother)
How long do maternal antibodies to FIP last?
4-6 weeks
What should you do when you have kittens born into a colony with seropositive cats?
-House kittens with mother and litter mates until sold
-Test for antibodies at 10 weeks of age
-Only sell if negative
What type of vaccine is available for FIP? How does it work?
Mutant strain of coronavirus - induces mucosal immune response
-effective in some cats
What are the downfalls of the FIP vaccine? What cats should receive vaccine?
-antibodies cannot be differentiated from other coronavirus antibodies
-only recommended in seronegative cats with high risk of exposure
-Generally NOT recommended