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39 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What are the 2 types (agents) of feline coronavirosis?
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-feline enteric coronavirus (FECV) = enteric infection
-Feline infectious peritonitis virus (FIPV) = systemic infection = FIP |
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How does the feline coronavirus result in systemic infection?
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FECV can infect monocytes and cause viremia and potential FIP
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How does FIP develop?
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FECV causes viremia and then can mutate to "FIP" in the intestine of some cats
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What environment is FECV common in?
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Catteries
-variable prevalence, in a particular cattery its usually high or low -prevalence in house w/ 1 to 2 cats is 1 in 5000 |
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Are mixed or pure bred cats at higher risk of developing FIP?
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Pure bred cats- weaker immune system
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What is the FIPV shed in?
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Feces and oronasal secretions
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How is FIPV transmitted?
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-Ingestion or inhalation of virus
-transplacental (Rare) |
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True or false. All cats that test positive for the coronavirus shed the virus.
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False, only 30% of positive cats shed the virus and less than 10% of cats get the virus
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What are the 2 forms of feline infectious peritonitis?
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1) Effusive
2) Non-effusive |
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What cats develop the effusive form of FIP?
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Cats with partial cell-mediated immunity (non-effusive form occurs in cats with a better immune response)
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What is the effusive form of FIP?
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Immune complex vasculitis ---> leaks protein rich fluid resulting in exudate in abdomen and sometimes the thoracic cavity
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What can be done to help treat the effusive form of FIP?
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Immunosuppression because vasculitis is immune mediated
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What is the non-effusive form of FIP?
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Pyogranulomatous or granulomatous lesions in eyes, brain, kidney and liver
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What is a differential for bilateral nephromegaly?
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Non-effusive form of FIP
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What is a differential for bicavitary effusion?
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Effusive form of FIP
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What is one of the most common signs of FIP in young cats?
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Jaundice
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What are the clinical signs of FIP (in general)?
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-Fever, weight loss
-jaundice -chorioretinitis or iridocyclitis -Multifocal CNS signs -Nephromegaly or small kidneys -splenomegaly |
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What are 3 signs of the EFFUSIVE form of FIP?
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1) Muffled heart sounds
2) Abdominal distention 3) Dyspnea |
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What are 3 abnormalities that will be found on blood work of a cat with FIP?
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1) Chronic inflammation-->
-nonregenerative anemia -hyperproteinemia*** 2) increased liver enzymes 3) Renal failure |
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What do you expect to find on electrophoresis of a cat with FIP?
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Polyclonal gammopathy
Increased alpha2 and gamma |
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You perform an abdominoscentesis of a cat with the effusive form of FIP. Describe the protein content of the fluid.
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Nonseptic pyogranulomatous exudate:
-Protein concentration 3.5 -12 g/dL |
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How do you know that FIP is unlikely according to the albumin content?
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Albumin-to-globulin ratio >0.8 OR
Albumin > 48% of total protein |
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How can you tell if FIP is likely according to the total protein?
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-Total protein > 3.5 and globulin > 50% of total protein OR
-gamma globulin > 32% of total protein concentration |
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Why is serology that uses detection of FIP antibodies using serology of little benefit?
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It is a coronavirus test and is not standardized
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What are 4 things that a positive FIP antibody test NOT tell you?
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1) Doesn't diagnose FIP
2) Doesn't protect against the disease 3) Doesn't predict if cal will develop FIP 4) Doesn't identify cats that are shedding the virus |
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What are 3 reasons that cats with FIP can be serologically negative?
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1) Rapid progressive disease
2) Immune complex formation 3) Severe immunosuppression |
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How do you make a presumptive diagnosis of the effusive form of FIP?
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Clinical signs + effusion characteristics
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What type of FIP does a cat have if it has FIP but does not have antibodies against the coronavirus (negative serology)?
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Means the cat has the effusive form because the cat has such a horrible immune system that it has no antibodies
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How can you come up with a presumptive diagnosis of the non-effusive form of FIP?
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Clinical signs + hyperglobulinemia + serum antibody titer > 160 + Lymphopenia = PPV 88%
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Describe the negative predictive value for a negative serology on a cat being tested for the non-effusive form of FIP.
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High negative predictive value because cats with the non-effusive form have a good immune system so if the cat doesn't have antibodies to the coronavirus you can pretty much rule out non-effusive FIP
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How can you definitely diagnose non-effusive FIP that causes neurological signs?
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Find antibodies to the coronavirus in the CSF
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In general, how can a definitive diagnosis of FIP be reached?
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-Histopathology
-very high positive predictive value (in the effusion)- use FA in macs or RT-PCR |
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What are 4 options/components of FIP therapy?
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1) Supportive therapy
2) alpha interpheron -may improve effusive form, temporary relief at best 3) Immune suppression -prenisone + cyclophosphamide or chlorambucil 4) Antibodies for secondary infection |
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What are 2 general ways to prevent FIP?
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1) Avoid exposure
2) Vaccine |
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How do kittens most commonly contract the coronavirus that causes FIP after the maternal antibodies wane?
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From other cats (not mother)
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How long do maternal antibodies to FIP last?
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4-6 weeks
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What should you do when you have kittens born into a colony with seropositive cats?
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-House kittens with mother and litter mates until sold
-Test for antibodies at 10 weeks of age -Only sell if negative |
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What type of vaccine is available for FIP? How does it work?
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Mutant strain of coronavirus - induces mucosal immune response
-effective in some cats |
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What are the downfalls of the FIP vaccine? What cats should receive vaccine?
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-antibodies cannot be differentiated from other coronavirus antibodies
-only recommended in seronegative cats with high risk of exposure -Generally NOT recommended |