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72 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Pierre Bourdieu |
(Culture) That which goes without saying; language skills are a cultural capital. |
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Marcel Mauss |
Armchair sociologist Notion of what it means to be a person across the world and in time. Western idea of personhood is incredibly recent and historically situated. |
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Sapir Whorf Hypothesis |
Language determines how people think (a.k.a the ways in which you categorize the world are shaped by language) |
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Mary Douglass |
Symbols are a means of social classification. Shared symbols promote social solidarity and social control and the human body is a symbol of society (Purity and Danger). |
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Victor Turner |
Social solidarity and conflict. Solidarity is maintained through ritual. Symbols are the smallest unit of a ritual. |
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Max Gluckman |
Rites of reversal, and rites of inversion. Rites of reversal protest the established order, while actively working to preserve it. |
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Karl Marx |
People are limited by the choices available to them "men make their own history, but they do not make it just as they please; they do not make it under circumstances chosen by themselves, but under circumstances directly encountered, given and transmitted from the past." |
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Oscar Lewis |
Culture of poverty: poor people are conditioned into poverty throughout their childhoods and adolescents. Because it's a culture, they are unable to escape poverty. |
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Michel Foucault |
Discursive power: power in talking, setting terms of debate, words used. Power of speech. Capillary power, bio-power. "...Power is not wielded overtly, but rather "flows" through the very foundations of what we recognize as reason, civilization, and scientific process." |
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Laura Nadar |
"studying up" |
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Sociolinguistics |
studying how words work |
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Focal Vocabulary |
a specialized set of terms and distinctions that is particularly important to a certain group: those with a particular focus of experience or activity. A lexicon, or vocabulary, is a language's dictionary: its set of names for things, events, and ideas. |
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Language vs. Dialect |
language is what the dominant people speak, dialect is how people in less privileged positions speak. |
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Cultural Capital |
Translates into financial capital success or status. |
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Covert racist discourse |
(mock-spanish) indirect indexcality. Smug smirks of people |
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Code-switching |
Switching back and forth between one language variation and another according to cultural context |
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Persona |
Who you project yourself to be: "social mask" |
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Racialization |
Historical processes that give race it's social and political meaning, and the ways such meanings are deployed through various practices, institutions, ideologies and contexts. |
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Worldview |
the fundamental cognitive orientation of an individual or society encompassing the entirety of the individual or society's knowledge and point of view. |
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Cosmology |
The theory of the way things are, and how they used to be. |
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Symbols |
An object, word, or action with a culturally defined meaning that stands for something else. |
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Medical Materialism |
Explaining religious experiences through hygiene, health, etc. 1. All primitive religions can be related to hygiene All primitive religions have hygiene bases but are wrong. 2. Primitive religions have nothing to do with hygiene which keeps us from examining our own similarities. |
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Separation ritual |
Period, segregation from the community |
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Transition ritual (liminal) |
liminal stage, tells you the most about the society "transitional beings are particularly polluting, since they are neither one thing nor another; or maybe both; or neither here nor there; or may even be nowhere...and are at the very least 'betwixt and between' all the recognized fixed points in space time of structural classification" |
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Incorporation ritual |
reintegration into a society with a new status |
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Rites of inversion |
Rituals in which the usual rules by which society operates are inverted. |
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Sacra |
what needs to be known to be a grown person in society that you are given and taught. |
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Imagined community |
an imagined community where you don't know everyone involved. Inherently limited and sovereign, because most of them will never meet each other, and unites everyone in comradeship. |
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The lumpen |
a residual class; marginal, historical fallout of reorganizations of economy; "scum, awful refuse of all the classes" |
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Forms of violence (Structural) |
built into engineered inequality. |
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Forms of violence (symbolic) |
Self-blame, mis-recognition of inequality as "natural" violence enacted the self, or against what people represent |
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Forms of violence (everyday) |
death without weeping: trying to survive within a power structure designed to disenfranchise. |
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Racialized habitus |
when race becomes involved (use of drugs 'skin-pop' , 'vein-searching') |
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Habitus |
the system of embodied internal dispositions developed by an agent/actor in response to structural conditions. |
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Discursive power |
power of words, language, speech and who frames the discourse |
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Capillary power |
the tiny, tiny ways power is exerted around us. |
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Biopower |
how the state gets people to control their own bodies and mind. (Public health) |
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Studying up |
Studying the rich, people in power to determine the currents of society. |
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What is race? |
Social construct related to skin color and ethnicity, with real physical and biological ramifications. |
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Race as social |
Same as "what is race?" |
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Race and Biology |
Disproportionate susceptibility in heart disease and heart failure in african american people (i.e.) |
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Worldview |
How one perceives the world, and the ideas that influence ones perception. "Natural." A system of concepts and often unstated assumptions about life. Presents answers to the ultimate questions: life, death, evil and conflicting values |
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Dirt (Purity and Danger) |
Offends against order, it exists in the eye of the beholder--goes against the natural order. Matter out of place |
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Village scout training and movement |
Variation on boy scouts/girl scouts in Bangkok. Took people from normal lives, and put them through a series of rituals, and put them at equal status, and at the end they were given a village scout bandana. Process bonded them and instilled a fervent nationality in them. They were given greater status as scouts in society. |
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Ritual and Symbol |
Symbols are the smallest unit of a ritual, and a ritual is a sequence of symbols that mean many things when combined. |
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Ritual as transformitive |
Transition from one state of being to another, whereas a ceremony is a reinforcement. |
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Culture of poverty |
Idea that people are socialized based on economic circumstance, specifically poor people "they don't know anything different." |
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Structure and agency |
Relates to dopefiends, "community of addicted bodies." Agency: the ability to act within a given structure. Structure is the forces at work that restrain agency. |
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Moral economy of sharing |
Ex. Cotton balls, gift-giving and sharing as a system ensuring you have a community to fall back on. Currency of sharing for future help. |
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Grey Zone |
Area of moral ambiguity imposed by structural forces that makes people commit cruelty, violence and betrayal. |
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Symbolic Violence |
Reinforces blame on individuals rather than structural that forces people to act rather than punished for. ie. Health outreached. |
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Culture of smartness |
Construction and maintenance of hegemonic elitism. |
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Dude - Scott F. Kiesling |
Develops cool solidarity where men can express homosocial bonding while maintaining hegemonic masculine ideals of non-intimate male friendship. Midigates anger and possible confrontation, to express commiseration. Focal vocab: words and terminology that develop particular sophistication to describe the unique cultural realities experienced by a group of people. |
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Whorf revisited: You are What you Speak-Guy Deutsher |
Language differs essentially in what they must convey and not in what they may convey; ie. "gender" |
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Conversation style: Talking on the job- Deborah Tannen |
Nothing happens in a vacuum, everything has a cultural context. Gender segregations in language and dialect |
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Language, Race and White Public Space- Jane H. Hill |
Covert racist discourse; stress put on bilingual people |
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Mixed Blood--Jefferson Fish |
Race as social construct |
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For affirmative Action, Brazil sets up Controversial Boards to determine race--Lulu Garcia-Navarro |
Determine race for affirmative action. |
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Racial Realities- Yolanda Moses |
No biological category of race, but it has physical and social consequences that can affect biology. |
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I Like Your Colour!- Jemima Pierre |
Value of whiteness that is being sold. |
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Where beauty Means Bleached Skin- Helene Cooper |
Social currency to be bought with having white skin, even if there is social stigmatization (it is still preferable) because of the social gains. Analogous to how white is treated in US. |
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Differences in Voice-Hearing Experiences- T.M. Luhrmann |
What qualities the inner voice posses; what they communicate in relation to good or bad. India=domestic helpful voices. US=Violence, violation of brains sanctity. |
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Sociology and Psychology (essays)- Marcel Mauss |
OPTIONAL |
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Purity and Danger-Mary Douglas |
Dirt as a function of what society deems acceptable; medical materialism. Pollution behavior: anything that contradicts cherished classifications. |
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Betwixt and Between-Victor Turner |
Ritual as transformative experience. Ceremony=confirmative. |
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Rituals of National Loyalty-Katherine Bowie |
Power of ritual, and how it was used and abused to fan the flames of nationalism. |
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Righteous Dopefiend-Philippe Bourgois and Jeff Schonberg |
Symbolic violence, structure and agency, lumpen abuse, habitus, radicalized habitus, community of addicted bodies |
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Liquidated-Karen Ho |
Culture of smartness |
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The Jobs that Really Smart People Avoid-Jeff Guo |
Culture of smartness |
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How Subtle Class Cues can Backfire on your Resume-Lauren Rivera and András Tilcsik |
Gender and race can destroy you on your resume. |
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Knowing your enemy-George Packer |
Targeting people, to figure out weakness and values, in order to exploit it. |
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Anthropology Inc- Graeme Wood |
ReD-"infiltrated" to find out about the consumer |
