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221 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Do Individuals with psychological disorders generally engage in dangerous behavior?
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No they do not
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When is dysfunctional behavior abnormal?
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When the behavior causes distress, and occupational/social dysfunction
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What is Trephination?
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Surgical tool to open up holes in the skull to release demons
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What did the Classical greeks and Romans think abnormal behavior was?
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Traumatic experience or imbalance of the "humors"
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When did Asylums appear?
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Middle ages/Renaissance
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Who started moral treatment in Europe?
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Pinel and tuke
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Who started moral treatment in the United States?
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Dix and Rush
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Who is the father of American Psychiatry
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Rush
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What did Freud believe about abnormal behavior?
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Stems from the unconscious biological and sexual urges
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What were the most important years of life for a Freud based look at abnormal behavior?
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First 5 years of life
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In Freud based learning Individuals must develop what?
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insight into their conflicts
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Who was the developer of classical conditioning?
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Pavolv
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What study was Pavlov a developer of?
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Little Albert
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Who developed behaviorism?
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Watson
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What is believed about Abnormal behavior in the behaviorism view point?
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Abnormal behavior is learned from interactions with the environment.
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What is systematic desensitization?
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Pairing objects on a fear hierarchy with relaxation
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What does operatant conditioning deal with?
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Reinforcements and punishments
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Bandura is an example of?
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Social learning theory
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Reinforcement is used to
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increase a behavior
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Punishment is used to
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decrease a behavior
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Giving a child allowance
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positive reinforcement
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Reducing a child's list of chores for good grades
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Negative reiforcement
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Spanking a child
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positive punishment
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Kid is grounded
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negative punishment
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What does a Cognitive model believe?
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abnormal behavior is a result of distorted cognition and the need to Identify and challenge negative thougths
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What does the Humanistic model believe?
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Goals are self-actualizatin, client centered therapy
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Who is most closesly associated with the Humanistic Model?
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Carl Rogers
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what is the order of Maslow's Hiearchy of Needs starting from the bottom of the pyramid.
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Physiological, safety, love/belonging, Esteem, self-actualization
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current Perspectives?
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Biopsychosocial model
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What is the biospsycholsocial Model?
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diathesis+stress = distress and impairment = psychological disorder.
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Brain stems controls?
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Fundamental biological processes
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Midbrain is
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sensory information and movement, regulates the body
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What is contained in the Midbrain?
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Thalamus and Hypothalamus
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What is contained in the Hinbrain?
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Pons, Meulla, Cerebellum
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What is contained int eh Forebrain?
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Basal ganglia movement, cebereal cortex
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What is the Forebrain in control of?
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The Limic system/
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what is the Limibc system in control of?
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Higher cognitive functioning.
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What does the temporal lobe do?
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auditory info
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What does the parietal lobe do?
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sensory information
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What does the occipital lobe do?
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visual processing
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What does the Frontal lobe do
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Higher cognitive functioning
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What are physical elements of anxiety?
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muscle tension, irritability, fatigue, blushing, nausea, urgent/frequent urination
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What are cognative elements of anxiety?
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feared object, spontaneous thoughts, worry
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What are Behavioral Elements of Anxiety?
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Escape, Avoidance, Negative reinfocement
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When does anxiety become a disorder?
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Functional impairment, lower quality of life
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What factors go into anxiety being consider abnormal or normal?
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cultural or gender role expectations, rates of reporting
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What is the average age of onset for anxiety?
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11
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What are the major anxiety disorders?
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Panick attacks/disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, Social/specific phobias, OCD, PTSD, Separation Anxiety Disorder
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When do panick attacks become a disorder?
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person worries about having another panic attack, and avoids situations where panic attacks have occurred
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What is the criteria for being diagnoised with Generalized Anxiety Disorder?
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Excessive/uncontrollable worry, lasts at least 6 months, feeling on edge
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What is a Somatoform Disorder?
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Condition in which physical symptoms or concerns about an illness cannot be explained by medical/specific psychological disorder
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Who first identified Somatization disorder?
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Pierre Briquet
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What is the classification of somatization disorder?
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presence of many symptoms, but no organic basis
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What are the 4 most commonly reported symptoms of somatization disorder?
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pain, gatrointestinal distress, sexual dysfunction, pseudoneurological
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What is Undifferential Somatizatioin disorder?
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Individual has not expereiced all four categories of symptoms, cannot be due to medical condtion/medication, must be present for at least 6 months
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What is the most commonly diagnosed somatoform disorder?
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Undifferential Somatization disorder
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What only has pseudonerological complaints?
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Conversiion diosrder
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what are some of the pseudonerological complaints?
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motor/sensory dysfunction, not intentionally produced
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What are the three main types of conversion disorder?
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Motor symptoms/deficits, Sensory deficits, seizures and convulsions
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What is pain disorder?
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Persistent pain that defies medical explantion
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To be considered Pain disorder it must have?
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no psychological symptoms, medical problems do not exist, and last for at least 6 months affecting daily functioning
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What is Body Dysmorphic disorder?
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Overwhelming concern that the body is ugly or misshapen
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What does Body Dysmorphic have a high risk of?
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suicide
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What gender is more likely to report somatization disorder?
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Women
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CBT
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Cognitive-Behavioral therapy
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Cognitive-behavioral therapy emphasizes?
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psychological and social factors
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What are 5 types of Dissociative Experiences?
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Depersonalization, Deralization, amnesia, identity confusion, and identity alteration,
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What is Amnesia?
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Inability to recall important information, usualy occurs after a medical condition/event
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What is Dissociative Amnesia?
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Inability to recall important personal information/ usually follows stressful/traumatic event.
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What are the types of Disssociative Amnesia?
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Localized, generaliezed, selective amnesia
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Is dissociative Amnesia considered reversible?
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yes
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What is Dissociative fuge?
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Loss of personal identity and memory, found in physical location away from usual residence
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What is Depersonalization disorder?
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Feelings of being detached from one's body
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What are Factitious Disorders?
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Physical/psychological symptoms are intentionally produced
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How can people with Factitious disorders manipulate urine lab results?
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red candy in urine sample
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How can people with Factitious disorder manipulate a wound not to heal?
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putting mouthwash in the wound
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How can people with Factitious disorder manipulate their body to have diarrhea?
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excessive ingestion of castor oil or laxatives
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How can a doctor tell that a pain from a "kidney stone" is a patient with a Factious disorder?
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glass fragments found in urine
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Aphonia
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Loss of speech
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What are Mood disorders
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disturbances in mood is the predominate feature in the syndrome.
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What are three examples of mood disorder?
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Major Depressive Disorder, Dysthymia, Biopolar Disorder
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What is Major Depressive disorder?
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Persistent sad or low mood, OR, severe enough to impair a person's intrest in engageing in normaly enjoyable activites.
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What are Physiological/Behavioral Symptoms of Major depressive disorder?
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Insomnia/hypersomina, significant weight loss/gain, fatigue
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What are cognitive symptoms of Major Depressive disorder?
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Feelings of worthlessness, Feelings of hopelessness
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Is Major Depressive Disorder consistent of Episodic?
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Episodic
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How long must an episode of Major depressive disorder last?
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at least 2 weeks
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Does grief count as major depressive disorder?
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NO
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What is Dysthymia?
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chronic state of being depressed
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How long must depression last to be considered Dysthymia?
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At least 2 years
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What is Bipolar Disorder?
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Episodic depressed mood and episodic mania
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What is the difference between Bipolar I and Bipolar II
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Hypomania
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What is Hypomania?
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Mild mania, not impacting functioning
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What is considered Rapid Cycling Bipolar?
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4 or more episodes in one year, extremely rapid cycling
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What are the symptoms of a Manic state?
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Inflated self-esteem, decreased need for sleep, greater talkativeness, flight of ideas, increased goal-directed behavior,
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What is Cyclothymic Disorder?
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Fluctuations between hypomanic and depressive symptoms, must be present for at least 2 years/
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What gender suffers almost twice as much from depression?
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Women
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What are two different symptoms that might be present in children with depression from adults with depression?
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Physical complaints and irritability
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What is Passive Suicidal ideation?
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desire to be dead
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What is active suicidal ideation?
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thoughts about how to commit the act
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Suicidal attempt is...
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nonfatal
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What gender is more likely to complete suicide, by how many times?
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Men, by four times
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What gender is more likely to attempt suicide, by how many times?
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Females by three times
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Why are men more successful at completing suicide?
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More leathal methods
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What is the Negative Cognative Triad?
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Negative view of self leads to negative view of the world leads to negative view of the future
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What is SAD
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Season Affective Disorder
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What is Anorexia Nervosa?
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Inabilit to mainatain normal body weight
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What must a persons weight be less than to be considered Anorexia?
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Less than 85% of ideal body weight
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People with Anorexia have an intense fear of?
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gaining weight
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What is amenorrhea
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absence of menstruation for at least 3 months
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What are the two subtypes of anorexia?
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Restricting, binge eating/purging
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What are some physical symptoms of anorexia?
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Dehydration, Lanugo Hair, and low body temperature
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How many more times likely are women to develop anorexia than men?
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9
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After Recovery of anorexia where do they fall on the BMI?
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Low
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What can people who had/have anorexia develop?
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Osteoporosis, trouble with fertility, high relapse rates
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What is the personality of people who develop anorexia?
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Perfectioinsim, obsesioinallity, Neuroticism, anxiety/depression, low self-esteem
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What is Bulimia Nervosa?
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Recurrent episodes of binge eating, followed bycompesatory behavior
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What is different about Bulimia and Anorexia?
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Bulimia individuals are at normal or over-weight
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To be considered binge eating they must?
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Consume at least 1,000 calories in a sitting, loss of control, frequent binges
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What are some physical characteristics of Bulimia?
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Fatigue, bloating, GI problems, Erosion of dental enamel, calluses on back of hands
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What is the Contemporary human sexual response cycle?
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Desire, Arousal, orgasm, Resolution
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Men and sex
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Engage in sexual practices more, think about sex more, sexual desire-- phyiscal pleasure and sexual intercourse
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Women and sex
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higher capacity for sex, can engage in sexual behavior longer, sexual responses are more complicated
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What is sexual desire disorder?
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Diminished or absent interest in sexual activity
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What is Hypoactive sexual desire disorder?
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Reduced or absent sexual desires or behaciors
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What are Paraphilias?
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intense persistent sexual urges, fantasises, behaviors
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What are 3 categories of paraphillias?
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Sexual arousal toward nonhuman objects, sexual arousal towards children, sexual arousal towards suffering.
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Does Low/Moderate substance use lead to problems with social, educational, occupational functions?
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NO
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Substance Abuse is
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Disruptioin in social, educational, and occupational functioning.
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What are Physiological actions of substance dependence
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tolerance and withdrawal
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What is Substance Tolerance?
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Diminished response to drug repeated exposure
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What is Substance Withdrawal?
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Physical symptoms associated with removal of drug
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Caffeine is....
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CNS stimulant
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What does Caffeine do to the body?
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Boosts energy, mood, awareness, concentration, alertness
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What are side effects of Caffine?
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agitation, headaches, mood lablitlity, rebound fatigue, insomina
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What is Nicotine and where can it be found?
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Component of tobacco, cigarettes, chewing tobacco/snuff, nicotine patch
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What is the largest preventable cause of death in the world?
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Tobacco
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What does Alcohol affect?
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Affects GABA
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What is the active ingredient in Marijuana?
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THC
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What does pot do to the body?
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Produces mild intoxication, stimulates dopamine release
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What can heavy use of pot lead to?
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cognative difficulties, respiratory problems, increased risk of cancer.
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What does Amphetamines produce?
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Wakefulnes, and supresses appetite.
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What are some Amphetamines?
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Ectasy and crystal methampetamine
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What can Amphetamines lead to?
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Increased heart rate and blood pressure which can cause stroke.
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What are examples of opiods?
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Heroin, Morphine, Codeine
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what do opioids do?
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Produce pain relief, euphoria, sedation, reduced anxiety
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What is schizophrenia?
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Severe psychological disorder, Characterized by disorganizatin in thought, perception, behavior
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What are positive symptoms of Schizophrenia?
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Delusions, Hallucinations
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What are delusions?
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Belief held contrary to reality, Persecutory, content is bizarre
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What are Hallucinations?
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Perceptual experiences not based on stimulation for the environment
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What are types of Delusions?
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Persecutory, Delusion of Reference, Grandiose Delusion, Delusion of being controlled, Thought Broadcasting, Thought insteterting, thought withdrawal, Delusion of guilt or sin, Somatic delusion
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What is Perseutory Delusion
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False belief one is being watched by others
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What is Delusion of Reference?
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Belief that random events are being directed towards oneself
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What is Grandiose Delusion?
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False belief that one has great power, knowledge, or talent
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What is Delusion of Being controlled?
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false belief that one's thoughts feelings, or behaviors are being controlled by an outside force.
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What is Thought Broadcasting?
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False beliefs that one's thoughts can be heard by everyone
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What is thought insertion?
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False belief that someone is insertign thoughts into ones head
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What is thought Withdrwal?
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One's thouhts are being removed form one's head
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What is delusion of Guilt or Sin?
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Belief that one has commited a terrible act
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What is somatic delusion
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false belief that one's appearence or part of one's body is diseased or altered
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What is catatonia?
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Person unresponsive to external stimuli
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What are Negative symptoms of schizoprenia?
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Blunted affect, anhedonia, avolition, alogia, psychomotor retardation
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Schizoprenia usually has cognitive impairment in?
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Visual and verbal learning/memory, ability to pay attention, decreased information processeing, impaired abstract reasoing and executive functioning
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What are the three P's of personality disorders?
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Persistent, pervasive, pathological
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What is Cluster A
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weird
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What is Cluster B
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Wild
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What is Cluster C
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worried
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Paranoid Personality Disorder must have?
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4 or more (Pervasive suspiciousness, unwarranted doubts of loyalty of friends, reluctance to confide in others, hidden meanings read into action, grudges, angry reactions to percieved attacks, unwarrented suspicion of sexual partner, Hypervigilance)
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Schizoid Personality disorder must have?
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4 or more (Lack of desire for or enjoyment of retalionships, preference for solitude, little intrest in sex with others, few if any pleasures, lack of friends, indifference to praise or criticism, flat affect
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Schizotypal personality disorder must have"
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5 or more( ideals of reference, magical thnking, Unusual perception, peculiar patters of speech, extreme supsiciousness, inappropriate affect, odd behavioral lack of close friends, discomfort around others)
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ANTISOCIAL PERSONALITY DISORDER is what person from scrubs?
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Janitor
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Mild retardation is an IQ score between?
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50-69
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Moderate retardation is an IQ score between?
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35-55
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Severe Retardation is an IQ between
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20-40
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Profound Retardation is an IQ between
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20-25
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What is Phenylkeonuria (PKU)
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Difficulty breaking down an amino acid
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What are Pervasive developmental disorder (PDD)
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serious deficts in social skills and communication, marked by stereotypical behavior, activities, intrests
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Pervasive Development Disorder include?
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Austism Spectrum Disorders
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What is Asperger's disorder?
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Do NOT have difficulties with verbal language, poor eye contact, monotone voice, do not understand social cues
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What is Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)'s symptoms
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Inattentiveness, hyperactivity, impulsitvity, MUST BE DIAGNOSED BEFORE AGE 7, functional impairment
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What are some symptoms of Conduct Disorder (CD)
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Aggression toward people and animals, destruction of property, decitfulness or theft, Serious violations of rules
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What is Pica?
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Ingestion of nonnurtritive items
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What is Rumination Disorder?
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Reacently eaten food is effortlessly regurgitated into mouth, followed by reswalloing, or spitting it out
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Parasomnias include?
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sleep terror disorder, sleepwalking disorder, nightmare disorder
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What is Enuresis?
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Voiding of urnie into one's clothing or bedding
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What is Encopresis?
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Repeated elimination of feces on or into inappropriate places
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How is successful aging defined?
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Active lifestyle, perceived good health, continued independence in functioning, lack of distability/cognitive impairment, positive social relationships
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What is Apraxia?
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Inablility to carry out motor activities
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What is Agnosia?
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Failure to recognize or identify objects
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What are types of dementia?
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Alzheimer's type, vascular dementia, substance-induce dementia, dementia due to other general medical condition
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What is Acute Stress?
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Brief amount of time
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What is Chronic Stress?
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Continues over time
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What is Daily hassles?
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Minor events that accumulate to cause stress
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What is major life events?
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Affect the way a person lives, both negative and positive
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What are types of Social Support
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Tangible, informational, emotional
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What is a constellation?
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A loose grouping of stars that appear close together
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What is an Asterism?
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a less formally defined grouping of stars, may be part of one or more constellations
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What is the Celestial Sphere?
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a model of the sky that helsp us visualize the location and motion of the stars
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What is the average distance to the sun is called?
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AU, astronomical unit
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What are the Zodiac?
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As the earth revolves about the Sun, the sun is seen against different constellations
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Why do we have seasons?
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Because the earth is tilted on its axis.
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How man days does the moon take to revolve around the sun?
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29.5
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What causes the moon phases?
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The ANGEL of the moon, earth and sun.
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When does a full moon rise?
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At sunset
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When does a New moon rise?
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Sunrise
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When does a first quarter moon rise?
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At noon
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When does a third quarter moon rise?
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At midnight
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What causes a Lunar eclipse?
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Occur when the shadow of the Earth falls on the Moon.
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What causes a Solar Eclipse?
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Occur when the shadow of the moon falls on the Earth
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What is Parallax?
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the shift in a star's position relative to background stars.
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What is Kepler's 1st Law?
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the orbits of the planets are ellipses with the sun at one focus
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What is Keplers's 2nd Law?
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Planet travels faster when its close to the sun and slower when its farther away from the sun.
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What is Keplers's 3rd Law?
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closer planets go faster
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What is the law of gravity?
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Every mass attracts every other mass.
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How do light and matter interact?
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matter can emit light, absorb light, or reflect light/
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What is wavelength?
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length between crests
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What is Frequency?
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Number of waves that pass by each second
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Wavelength and frequency are ????
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Inversely proportional.
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What types of telescopes are there?
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Refracting and reflecting?
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Why are telescopes in space?
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Because the atmosphere degrades the images
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What is fusion?
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small nuclei stick together
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Why do stars form?
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Gravity vs. Pressure
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