Final Study Vocab

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Cromlech (Prehistoric)

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. A prehistoric monument consisting of monoliths encircling a mound,

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Henge (Prehistoric)

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.monument comprising a circular ditch with an external bank which encloses a circle or number of circles of stones or wooden posts (Same as Cromlech)

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Megalith (Prehistoric)

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.A large stone that is used to construct a monument

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Menhir (Prehistoric)

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A large upright standing stone.

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Mortise-and-tenor (Prehistoric)

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.a groove cut into stone of wood, called a mortise, that is shaped to receive, a tenon, or projection, of the same dimensions

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Post and lintel (Prehistoric)

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.A method of construction in which two posts support a horizontal beam, called a lintel

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Capital (ANE)

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.Located at the top of a column

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Cuneiform (ANE)

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An early form of writing with wedge shaped marks impressed into wet clay with a stylus, primarily used by ancient Mesopotamians.

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Facade (ANE)

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The front or face of a building

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Hierarchy of scale (ANE)

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The most important figures appear considerably large compared to other figures in the image.

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Lamassu (ANE)

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.. A winged human headed animal guardian figure

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Relief sculpture (ANE)

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Gives the impression that a sculpted feature is raised above the background

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Stele (ANE)

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A stone slab placed vertically and decorated with inscriptions or reliefs. Used as a grave marker or memorial.

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Ziggurat (ANE)

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.a tall stepped tower of earthen materials, often supporting a shrine.

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Amarna style (Egyptian)

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.Akhenaten creates a new style during his reign. Figures often do not look human like with raised heads and protruding bellies. Characterized by a sense of movement and activity. Often features the Sun God which contradicts early religious ideas

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Engage column (Egyptian)

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A column embedded in a wall.

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Hieroglyphics (Egyptian)

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A system of writing used in the time of the Egyptians.

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Hypostyle (Egyptian)

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A roof which is supported by columns.

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Ka (Egyptian)

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The spirit that inhabits thwe body during life but is released during death.

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Mastaba (Egyptian)

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A Flat roofed rectangular structure that is used as a tomb.

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Pharaoh (Egyptian)

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The title for ancient Egyptian Kings.

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Sarcophagus (Egyptian)

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A Box like coffin, commonly carved in stone.

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Corbel Arch (Aegean)

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a vault formed by layers of stone that gradually grow closer together as they rise until they eventually meet..

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Cyclopean masonry (Aegean)

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a type of construction that uses rough,massie blocks of stone piled one atop the other with out mortar. Named for the mythical Cyclops..

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Fresco (Aegean)

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a painting technique that involves applying water-based paint onto a freshly plastered wall. The paint forms a bond with the plaster that is durable and long-lasting..

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Repousse (Aegean)

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a type of metal relief sculpture in which the back side of a plate is hammered to form a raised relief on the front.

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Tholos Tomb (Aegean)

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A monumental underground tomb in the form of a beehive, used in the Mycenaean period.

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Acropolis (Greek)

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the citadel of Athens on which the Parthenon and the Erechtheum stand.

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Amphora (Greek)

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A two-handled jar with a narrow neck used by the ancient Greeks and Romans to carry wine or oil.

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Canon (Greek)

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The perfect proportions .

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Caryatid (Greek)

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A supporting column sculptured in the form of a draped female figure.

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Cella (Greek)

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the inner chamber of a temple.

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Contrapposto (Greek)

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the s- curve of the body in sculpture which developed during the Greek Period.

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Frieze (Greek)

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A Section of a wall decorated with bas -reliefs.

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Krater (Greek)

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A wide, two-handled bowl used in ancient Greece and Rome for mixing wine and water.

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Kouros (Greek)

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A sculpture representing a standing nude young man.

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Mosaic (Greek)

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small stones placed in specific ways to form an image.

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Pediment (Greek)

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an area on the facade of a building shaped in a triangle usually above an entrance.

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Peristyle (Greek)

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a series of columns surrounding a building.

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Shaft (Greek)

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portion of the column between the capital and the base.

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Tholos (Greek)

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A beehive-shaped stone tomb of Mycenaean Greece, roofed by corbeling and usually built into the side of a hill..

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Stucco (Etruscan)

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used as a decorative coating for walls and ceilings.

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Terracotta (Etruscan)

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A hard semifired waterproof ceramic clay used in pottery and building construction.

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Tumulus (Etruscan)

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is a mound of earth and stones raised over a grave or graves.

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Aqueduct (Roman)

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A bridge like structure that carried water by use of gravity.

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Ashlar Masonry (Roman)

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create walls, arches, and buildings through correct placement and varied sizes of rectangular blocks

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Atrium (Roman)

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. the main or central room of an ancient Roman house, open to the sky at the center and usually having a pool for the collection of rain water.

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Basilica (Roman)

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.a Roman building used for public administration

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Bust (Roman)

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.A bust is a sculpted or cast representation of the upper part of the human figure, depicting a person's head and neck, as well as a variable portion of the chest and shoulders.

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Encaustic (Roman)

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.hot wax painting

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`Coffer (Roman)

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is a sunken panel in the shape of a square, rectangle, or octagon in a ceiling, soffit or vault..

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Cupola (Roman)

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.a small dome, esp. a small dome on a drum on top of a larger dome, adorning a roof or ceiling.

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Foreshortening (Roman)

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angle in relief

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Forum (Roman)

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.a place, meeting, or medium where ideas and views on a particular issue can be exchanged.

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Fresco (Roman)

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painting on wet plaster

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Keystone (Roman)

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.a central stone at the summit of an arch, locking the whole together

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Oculus (Roman)

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A circle shaped architectural; feature

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Veristic (Roman)

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.naturalistic

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Ambulatory (Late Antique)

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.a place for walking, esp. an aisle around the apse or a cloister in a church or monastery.

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Apse (LA)

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.a large semicircular or polygonal recess in a church, arched or with a domed roof, typically at the eastern end, and usually containing the altar.

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Axial Plan (LA)

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an archetectual plan in which everything is axial

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Catacomb (LA)

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a place under ground where the dead were buried

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Central Plan (LA)

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an architectual plan in which everything is centered

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Loculi (LA)

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.each of a number of small separate cavities

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Nave (LA)

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the semi circle at the beginning of a church

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Orant Figure (LA)

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a praying figure

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Transept (LA)

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the crossing in a church

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Icon (Byzantine)

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a small portable thing to pray over

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Iconostasis (Byzantine)

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the period in time in which icons were destroyed

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Pantocrator (Byzantine)

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Christ

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Pendentive (Byzantine)

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supports a dome

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Psalter (Byzantine)

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holy book

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Squinch (Byzantine)

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supports a dome

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Arabesque (Islamic)

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an ornamental design consisting of intertwined flowing lines, originally found in Arabic or Moorish decoration.

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Calligraphy (Islamic)

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a beautiful style of writing

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Koran (Islamic)

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Islamic holy book

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Mecca (Islamic)

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Holy place in islamic religion

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Medina (Islamic)

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.the old Arab or non-European quarter of a North African town

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Mihrab (Islamic)

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.a niche in the wall of a mosque, at the point nearest to Mecca, toward which the congregation faces to pray

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Minaret (Islamic)

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. tall slender tower, typically part of a mosque, with a balcony from which a muezzin calls Muslims to praye

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Minbar (Islamic)

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.a short flight of steps used as a platform by a preacher in a mosque

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Mosque (Islamic)

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Islamic church

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Qiblah (Islamic)

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.the direction of the Kaaba (the sacred building at Mecca), to which Muslims turn at prayer.

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Tesselation (Islamic)

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.the careful juxtaposition of shapes in a pattern

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Bi (Chinese)

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. a jade disc

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Confucianism (Chinese)

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.a system of philosophical and ethical teachings founded by Confucius and developed by Mencius.

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Daoism (Chinese)

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.philosophical system developed by Lao-tzu and Chuang-tzu advocating a simple honest life and noninterference with the course of natural events

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Pagoda (Chinese)

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bullding that gets smaller as it goes up

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Porcelain (Chinese)

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ceramic

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Animal Style (Early Medieval)

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animal figures integrated together

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Cloisonne (EM)

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.decorative work in which enamel, glass, or gemstones are separated by strips of flattened wire placed edgeways on a metal backing.

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Cloister (EM)

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.a covered walk in a convent, monastery, college, or cathedral, typically with a wall on one side and a colonnade open to a quadrangle on the other.

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Horror Vacui (EM)

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.a fear or dislike of leaving empty spaces

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Westwork (EM)

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. monumental, west-facing entrance section of a Carolingian, Ottonian, or Romanesque church.

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Bay (Romanesque)

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. This unit is defined as the zone between the outer edges of an engaged column, pilaster, or post; or within a window frame, doorframe, or vertical 'bas relief' wall form.

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Campanile (Romanesque)

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.Italian bell tower

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Clerestory (Romanesque)

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a floor in a cathedral in which windows over take the walls

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Embroidery (Romanesque)

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.embroidered cloth usually used for funerary purposes

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Jamb (Romanesque)

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.Figures on the walls in front of the portal doors

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Portal (Romanesque)

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.Entry way to the cathedral

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Reliquary (Romanesque)

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.holds ancient relics

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Trumeau (Romanesque)

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.the center support of a portal

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Tympanum (Romanesque)

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.above the portal door usually has relief on it

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Voussior (Romanesque)

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stone block used in the construction of an arch

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Flying Buttress (Gothic)

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.used to support the new larger gothic cathedrals

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Rose Window (Gothic)

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.Used as an architectural decoration for gothic cathedrals