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50 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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what is the bernouli equation?
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4V2
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what is the formula for stroke volume?
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.785xd2xVTI
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what is the formula for cardiac output?
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SVxHR
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what is RVSP +PASP?
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4v2+RA pressure
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whta is the formula for MVA?
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220/PHT
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What is the normal Qp/Qs?
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1
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How do you figure out Fractional shortening?
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(LVDd-LVSd/LVDd)(100)
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what is the formula for ejection fraction?
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((LVDd3)-(LVSd)3)/(LVD)3)(100)
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what is the doppler equation?
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2FVcostheda/c
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what is normal pressure half time, and stenotic pressure half time?
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normal=<60ms
stenosis=>120ms |
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what is the normal O2 saturation of the AO and PV/
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AO=98%
PV=75% |
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Name the AOrtic valve area, and what the area would be in severe stenosis?
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normal=2cm2
stenotic=<.75cm2 |
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what is the normal, and stenotic mitral valve areas?
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noraml=4-6cm2
stenotic(severe)<1cm2 |
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what is the normal a-dip?
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2-7mm
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what are the normal EF and FS?
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EF=65-80
FS=20-40 |
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What are the leaflets, orifice size, and normal velocity of the tricuspid valve?
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anterior, posterior and septal leaflets
-7-9cm2 -.3-.7m/sec |
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what are the leaflets, orifice size, and velocty of the mitral valve?
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anterior and posterior
-4-6cm2 -0.6-1.3m/s |
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what are the orifice size, and velocities of the PV, and AO valve?
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PV->2cm2; 0.6-0.9m/sec
AO->2cm2; 1-1.7m/sec |
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what are the normal cardiac output, and Cardiac index of the heart?
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CO-4-8L/min
CI-3-4L/min |
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What are the measurements of mild AO stenosis?Severe?
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1.6-2cm2
16-36mmHg <3m/sec SEVERE: -<0.7cm2 -64mmHg ->4m/sec |
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what do the letters on the M-mode of the mitral valve mean?
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D-Diastole
E-end rapid filling F-closure following filling A-atrial contraction(p-wave) B-bump(occurs w/diastolic dysfunction) C-closure of valve(beginning of systole) C-D-ventricular systole occurs and the MV is closed D-E(normal=18-28) E-F slope(normal=70-150) |
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what will be seen of doppler of mild and severe AO regurge?
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severe regurge will have a steep slope, and spectral broadening
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what will be seen with mild and severe MS?
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severe will have no slope , and spectral broadening.
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name the walls of the heart from outer to inner?
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epicardium
parietal pericardium fibrous pericardium paricardial cavity visceral pericardium myocardium endocardium |
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name and briefly explain the 7 phases of the cardiac cycle?
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1. atrial systole(p-wave)(end-ventricular diastole)-20% of filling(LV is the biggest)
2. IVCT(presystole)-pressure is increasing 3. early systole: AV-open MV-closed 4. Systole(late)-rate of ejection diminishes; LV volume is the smallest 5. IVRT(prediastole)-pressure is decreasing 6. early diastole-80% filling; atrial pressure continues to rise 7. mid diastole(diastasis); ventriclar inflow is slowing; equalization of pressures |
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a-dip is associate with what?
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pulmonary regurge
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where is the ASD best visualized? Ventricular septal defect?
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in subcostal ; VSD-PLSA
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what are the phases of m-mode of the mitral valve?
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d-diastole
e-excursion of the valve(end rapid filling) F-closure following filling A-atrial contraction(p-wave) B-bump(occurs w/diastolic dysfunction) C-closure of the valve(beggining of systole) C-D venstricuar systole occurs and MV closes D-E-excursion(18-28) E-F(70-150mmHg) |
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what are the phases of the pressure curve?
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a-wave-atrial systole
c-wave-start of systole v-wave-atrial filling |
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what is mitral stenosis associated with?
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rhumatic fever
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what are preload and afterload?
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preload=volume
afterload=pressure |
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What is the infundibulum?
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another name for the RVOT
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what is the order of stenosis in the heart?
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MV, AO, tricuspid valve
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what is seen with RVVO?
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paradoxical septal motion
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what is seen with pulmonay hypertension?
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-RVH
-Paradoxical septal motion -absent or decreased a-dip -dialated IVC and HV -D-shaped LV -dialated PA |
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what is seen with pulmonary stenosis?
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-increase a-wave depth
-RVH -Flat IVS and LV-Dshaped -thick PV leaflets w/systolic doming |
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What is seen with AO stenosis?
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-LVH
-Systolic and diastolic doming -Thickened, calcified cusps(footbal shaped opening) |
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mitral stenosis?
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-dialated LA
-decreased A-wave -decreased E-F slope -pulmonary hypertension -Doastolic doming of AMVL -severe TV regurge. |
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what does the acute marginal artery supply?
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RV
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what does the RT posterior descending artery supply?
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inferoir heart
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where does the RT atrium receive blood from?
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IVC, SVC, and coronary sinus.
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when does the sinus of valsalva fill with blood?
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during IVRT
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what LG veins drain into the coronary sinus?
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-great cardiac vein-drains blood flrom the anterior heart
-middle cardiac vein-drains blood from the posterior heart |
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what is injury?
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a stage beyond ishemia where the ST segment is elevated
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what happens with LBBB
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septum is depolarized from RT to LT instead of Lt to Rt
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what are the parts of the IAS?
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-primum
-secudum -sinus venosus |
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name the heart sounds, and briefly explain them
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1-systole(MV, and TV closure)
2-diastole(AV, and PV closure) 3-diastole(MR, congestive heart failure, anemia, hyperthyroidism) -atrial systole; associated w/pressure overload(atrial gallop) |
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pulmonary wedge
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indirect method of measuring ED pressure
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explain 1st degree av nodal block
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caused by beta blockers, calium channel blocker, ishemic damage, a
-causes increased PR interval |
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when does the sinus of valsalva fill?
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IVRT
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