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129 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
How are two or more quantitative variables related is what type research
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correlational research
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Behavior related study, a type of validity
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convergent validity
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I am an experiment and I have the most____
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control
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Did I measure what I intended to measure?
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Construct validity
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I am influenced by reliability and how well my variables were operationally defined
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construct validity
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My test correlates well with another test known to be valid?
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concurrent validity
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I am the correlation coefficient squared
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coefficient of determination
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I am the overlap or variance accounted for by a 2nd variable
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coefficient of determination
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Why are two or more naturally occurring groups different?
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causal comparative
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Also known as ex post facto study
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causal comparative
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Influence of one treatment still remains when second treatment is given
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carryover effects
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I have no power
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beta
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I am also a type 2 error
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beta
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Research done in a lab with no application in mind
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basic research
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I am done to develop or test a theory
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basic research
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How are two or more variables are related: correlational and comparative
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associational or relational
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APA
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American Psychological Association
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I am a measure of equivalence
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alternate or parallel forms reliability
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I am the level at which something is statistically significant
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alpha
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I am the probability of making a type 1 error
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alpha
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Analysis of variance
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ANOVA
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statistical test used for 3 or more tests
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ANOVA
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I have an immediate application, real world application
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applied research
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I am used in single subject research
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baseline designs
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In single subject research, there are two type of designs I can be used in
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within or within component of mixed subject design
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In research, this means to enhance the welfare of your participants
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beneficence
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Do as much good
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beneficence
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I only measure my participants one time
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Between subjects design
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I don't fit neatly into any category but I employ many data collection techniques for descriptive data
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Case study
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I use intact groups in my sampling
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Cluster random sampling
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Do two or more groups known to differ also differ with respect to a 2nd variable
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Comparative Research
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I vary systematically and am unwanted
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confounding variable
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I am a representative sample of material in a test
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Content validity
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If a test only contains one question, it lacks this?
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content validity
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I tell the strength and direction of relationship between 2 variables
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correlation coefficient
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How much variance in one variable that can be accounted for by knowing a 2nd variable
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correlation coefficient
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Done to deal with order effects
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counterbalance
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measure of comparison
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criterion validity
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Done after study to participants
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debrief
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Give clues to participants
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demand characteristics
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measures what actually exists with one single variable
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descriptive research
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Nobody knows anything about the study
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double blind
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Directly verifiable
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empirical
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another name for causal comparative
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ex post facto
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Find something because you expected to find it
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experimenter bias
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Treat one group different than another to get results you want
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Pygmalion effect or experimenter bias
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How well your findings apply elsewhere
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external validity
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Look of the test
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face validity
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Experimental study involving 2 or more independent variables
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factorial design
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Goals of research
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define, explain, predict, change or control
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Specific predictions about the outcome of the study
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Hypothesis
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Prevent reactivity with this
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cover story
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A developmental study equal to between subjects, measure once
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cross sectional study
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theory to hypothesis, general to specific
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deductive reasoning
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the variable that is measured
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dependent variable
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Report what exists with respect to one variable
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descriptive research
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behavior related study where you don't want a correlation
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discriminant validity
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Learn about the culture of an intact group, detailed and ongoing
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ethnographic
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Does one variable affect or cause a 2nd variable?
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experimental
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Can two groups differ because of IV
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Experimental
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Manipulation before measurement
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experimental
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Affected by sampling technique and experimental realism
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external validity
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I vary randomly and don't affect IV
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extraneous variable
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Be true to study, obligations
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fidelity
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Reactivity-another name
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Hawthorne effect
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Cannot be directly studied, creativity, intelligence
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hypothetical construct
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Varies systematically and you want it in an experiment
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IV
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Begins with real world observations
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inductive reasoning
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specific to general
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inductive reasoning
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Type reasoning used with descriptive study
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inductive reasoning
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Participants sign before experiment
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informed consent
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Measure of consistency
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inter-item
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Only requires one test administration
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split-half (inter-item)
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good control
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internal validity
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IRB
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Institutional Review Board
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Give credit where credit is due
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justice
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Developmental research done over time
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longitudinal study
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Find out about one IV by itself
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main effects
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Allow us to see if 2 or more variables when used together will perform
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interaction effect
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See how one variable performs alone
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main effect
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Combo of within and between
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mixed subject design
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Combo of 2 or more samplings
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multi-stage random sample
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Subjects natural environment observed
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naturalistic observation
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practice and fatigue are examples of this
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order effects
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Keep it simple
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parsimonious
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ability to detect an effect if one exists
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power
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poorest control
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pre-experimental design
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Predicts future performance
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predictive validity
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random sample has two names
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random selection and probability sample
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Self fulfilling prophecy
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pygmalion effect
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Rosenthal effect
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self fulfilling prophecy
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Inductive research
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qualitative research
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Research based on some quality that is not counted
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qualitative research
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Deductive research
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quantitative research
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Research that is counted or measured
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quantitative research
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Use of intact groups to do research
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quasi experiment
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The most popular way to do research
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quasi-experiment
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Looks like the population it was taken from
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random sampling
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Participants perform in a certain way because they know they are being watched
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reactivity
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Used to predict an unknown from a known
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regression
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Produce same results, consistent
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reliable
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Another name for within subjects design
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repeated measures design
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Problem with self-report studies
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response bias
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I use anonymity and confidentiality to avoid this
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response bias
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Self fulfilling prophecy
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Rosenthal Effect
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Ensure a question is answered correctly how?
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scientific method
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Express factorial design with numbers
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shorthand notation
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Everyone has an equal chance of being selected
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Simple random sample
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I lack external validity because I serve as my own control
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single subject design
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Another name for single subject
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baseline or intra-subject
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Proportional random sample
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stratified random sample
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Must know how population is comprised
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Stratified Random sampling
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Cannot be assigned such as age, race, gender
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subject variable
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Every nth person is selected.
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Systematic Random sample
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Two administrations of the same test
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Test re-test
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A measure of stability
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Test retest
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General statement used to relate two variables
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Theory
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This has the most control
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True experiment
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Statistical test used for 2 variables
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T-test
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Conclude there is a relationship when there is NOT
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type one error
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Reject the null and you shouldn't have
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type 1 error
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This is equal to alpha
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type one error
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Made a bad decision
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type one error
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Claim there is no correlation but there really was
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type 2 error
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failed to reject the null when you should have
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type two error
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Technique to avoid reactivity
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unobtrusive measures
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Use of microphone, one way mirrors to avoid reactivity
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unobtrusive measures
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Accuracy, truthfulness
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validity
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Requires fewer people and more powerful
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within subjects design
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