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250 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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1. AIDS is short for
a. Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome. b. Accelerated Immune Death Syndrome. c. Accentuated Induced Deficiency Syndrome. d. Advantageous Immunity Deficiency Syndrome. e. none of these. |
Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome.
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HIV infected mothers can transmit the virus by
a. breast milk. b. during natural birth. c. with a C-section. d. by kissing the baby on the cheek. e. both a and b. |
both a and b.
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3. Viruses may have all of the following EXCEPT
a. DNA. b. RNA. c. protein. d. sheaths. e. cytoplasm. |
cytoplasm.
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4. Which of the following is false?
a. The outer coats of all viruses are alike. b. The virus uses either DNA or RNA at its core, but not both. c. Viruses can be replicated only after they enter a living cell. d. Most viruses have a protein coat or covering. e. Viruses may contain enzymes. |
a. The outer coats of all viruses are alike
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5. The first viroid was found in plants and was
a. DNA in a complex capsid. b. circular RNA surrounded with protein. c. linear DNA surrounded with lipid. d. circular RNA surrounded with carbohydrates. e. all of the above. |
b. circular RNA surrounded with protein.
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6. How did a prion get from the sheep to cattle?
a. Cattle were fed sheep parts as nutrient supplements. b. Humans ate the cattle. c. Humans ate the sheep. d. Sheep and cows were in the same herd. e. It was transferred to humans via blood. |
a. Cattle were fed sheep parts as nutrient supplements.
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7. Prokaryotes are the ancestors of
a. protists. b. fungi. c. plants. d. animals. e. all of these. |
all of these.
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8. Which of the following forms of metabolism may characterize bacteria?
a. photoautotrophism b. photoheterotrophism c. chemoautotrophism d. chemoheterotrophism e. any of these |
e. any of these
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9. Due to microevolutionary forces, K-12, a strain of E. coli, has become adapted to
a. Antarctic glaciers. b. the Negev Desert. c. deep substrata in the earth's crust. d. artificial laboratory conditions. e. the human gut. |
artificial laboratory conditions.
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10. The point of attachment of a chromosome to the plasma membrane is indicated by
a. A. b. B. c. C. d. D. e. none of these. |
10. ANS: D
This is a image |
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11. A plasmid is indicated by
a. A. b. B. c. C. d. D. e. none of these. |
11. ANS: E
image |
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12. Which of the following statements is false?
a. Pili enable a bacterium to attach to another bacterium or to the surface membranes of their hosts. b. Plasmids contain only a few genes. c. Plasmids can contain information that allows a bacterium to donate DNA during conjugation. d. Bacteria can transfer plasmids to nonbacterial cells. e. Plasmids are responsible for the nutritional diversity of bacteria. |
Plasmids are responsible for the nutritional diversity of bacteria.
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13. Prokaryotic cells that show minor differences are likely to be classified
a. in different orders. b. as different strains. c. as different species. d. in different genera. e. in different families. |
as different strains.
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14. Which of the following can be considered to be "energy parasites"?
a. Chlamydia (or Chlamydias) b. cyanobacteria c. Chromatium d. Rhizobium e. all of these |
Chlamydia (or Chlamydias)
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15. Endospores can resist all of the following conditions EXCEPT
a. boiling water. b. heat and pressure. c. irradiation. d. disinfectants. e. dehydration. |
heat and pressure.
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16. The methanogenic archaeans strip electrons from ____ and ultimately donate them to ____.
a. water; oxygen b. hydrogen gas; carbon dioxide c. oxygen; water d. carbon dioxide; oxygen e. hydrogen gas; oxygen |
hydrogen gas; carbon dioxide
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17. Bacteriorhodopsin is a light-sensitive pigment found in ____ archaeans and used to supply energy for
____ production. a. halophilic; ATP b. thermophilic; carbohydrate c. methanogenic; methane d. halophilic; carbohydrate e. thermophilic; ATP |
halophilic; ATP
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18. Extreme thermophilic archaeans living near hydrothermal vents use ____ as an electron source to
form ____. a. light; carbohydrates b. hydrogen gas; ATP c. hydrogen gas; carbohydrates d. hydrogen sulfide; ATP e. hydrogen sulfide; water |
hydrogen sulfide; ATP
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19. Infection by ____ during pregnancy may cause miscarriage or premature birth.
a. Campylobacter b. Salmonella c. Staphylococcus d. Listera e. all of these |
Listera
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20. Four of the five choices listed below are found in viruses. Select the exception.
a. coat b. prions c. DNA d. tail fibers e. envelope |
prions
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21. Four of the five organisms listed below belong to the same monophyletic group. Select the exception.
a. Amoeba proteus b. euglenoids c. plasmodial slime molds d. cellular slime molds e. Entamoeba histolytica |
euglenoids
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22. Four of the five protists listed below are parasitic. Select the exception.
a. Plasmodium spp. b. Amoeba proteus c. Giardia lamblia d. Trypanosoma brucei e. Phytophthora infestans |
Amoeba proteus
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23. Four of the five organisms listed below are protists that form pseudopods. Select the exception.
a. amoebae b. foraminiferans c. heliozoans d. radiolarians e. diatoms |
diatoms
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24. Four of the five trees listed below are conifers. Select the exception.
a. hemlock b. spruce c. fir d. palm e. pine |
palm
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25. Four of the five choices listed below are monocots. Select the exception.
a. grass b. onion c. melon d. orchid e. pineapple |
melon
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26. Four of the five plants listed below are seed bearers. Select the exception.
a. ferns b. conifers c. eudicots d. ginkgos e. monocots |
ferns
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27. Four of the five choices listed below are terms used in describing fungi. Select the exception.
a. hyphae b. peptidoglycan c. dikaryotic stage d. spore e. mycelium |
peptidoglycan
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28. Four of the five features listed below are characteristic of the majority of animals. Select the
exception. a. multicellular b. make their ATP by fermentation c. usually motile at least during part of their life cycle d. usually diploid with sexual reproduction e. heterotrophic |
make their ATP by fermentation
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29. Four of the five animals listed below are protostomes. Select the exception.
a. clam b. sea star c. earthworm d. tick e. roundworm |
sea star
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30. Four of the five structures listed below are grasshopper mouthparts. Select the exception.
a. proboscis b. maxilla c. palps d. mandible e. labrum |
proboscis
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31. Four of the five structures listed below are common in mollusks. Select the exception.
a. gills b. head and foot c. mantle d. carapace e. radula |
carapace
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32. Four of the five features listed below are characteristic of adult sea stars. Select the exception.
a. spiny skin b. tube foot c. water-vascular system d. bilateral symmetry e. ampulla |
bilateral symmetry
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33. Four of the five characteristics listed below are found in all chordates. Select the exception.
a. tail b. bony vertebrae c. notochord d. nerve cord e. pharyngeal gill slits |
bony vertebrae
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34. Four of the five choices listed below are trends in hominid evolution. Select the exception.
a. strong social bonding b. enhanced vision c. upright vertebral column d. omnivorous feeding behavior e. increased manual dexterity |
upright vertebral column
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35. Four of the five features listed below are similar evolutionary characteristics in Homo. Select the
exception. a. small, thin face b. high skull c. large cranial capacity d. larger body size e. specialized teeth |
specialized teeth
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36. Which stage(s) is(are) the diploid sporozoite stage(s) of the Plasmodium (malaria) parasite?
a. A b. B c. C d. A and B e. none of these |
A
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37. Which of the following are NOT protists?
a. bacteria b. diatoms c. chrysophytes d. dinoflagellates e. euglenoids |
bacteria
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38. Most or all protist cells have
a. a nucleus. b. a cytoskeleton. c. larger ribosomes than those of prokaryotes. d. mitochondria, ER, and Golgi bodies. e. all of these. |
all of these
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39. Unlike prokaryotes, protist cells
a. have a nucleoid region. b. have a single, circular chromosome. c. all contain chlorophyll. d. divide by mitosis, meiosis, or both. e. fit all of these descriptions. |
divide by mitosis, meiosis, or both.
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40. Which group is most closely related to fungi?
a. radiolarians b. stramenopiles c. alveolates d. amoebozoans e. oomycotes |
amoebozoans
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41. Which feature is shared by euglenoids and kinetoplastids?
a. an eyespot b. a thickened, long flagellum c. photoautotrophy d. parasitic existence e. live in marine and freshwater habitats |
a thickened, long flagellum
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42. Which of the following is NOT a feature of trypanosomes?
a. exclusively anaerobic b. single, very long mitochondrion c. cause widespread and serious infections of humans and cattle in the tropics d. life cycle involves an intermediate, blood-sucking insect host e. causative agents of skin leishmaniasis, Chagas disease, and African sleeping sickness |
exclusively anaerobic
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43. Which of the following diseases is NOT caused by a flagellated protist?
a. malaria b. African sleeping sickness c. Chagas disease d. vaginal trichomoniasis e. intestinal giardiasis |
malaria
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44. Species of ____ infect crop plants such as potatoes and forest trees such as oak.
a. dinoflagellates b. foraminiferans c. yeasts d. water molds e. prions |
water molds
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45. Which group does NOT belong to the alveolates?
a. apicomplexans b. diatoms c. free-living ciliates d. dinoflagellates e. parasitic ciliates |
diatoms
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46. Which of the following specialized structures is NOT correctly paired with a function?
a. gullet; ingestion b. cilia; food gathering c. contractile vacuole; digestion d. contractile vacuole; water balance e. pellicle; flexible support |
contractile vacuole; digestion
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47. Which of the following parts of a brown alga do(es) NOT have a counterpart in land plants?
a. blade b. stipe c. float d. holdfast e. all of these |
c. float
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48. The largest algae are included in which of the following groups?
a. brown algae b. red algae c. green algae d. chrysophytes e. seed plants |
brown algae
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49. Water molds are
a. parasites of fish and invertebrates. b. the cause of late blight of potatoes. c. the cause of sudden oak death. d. the cause of downy mildew of grapes. e. all of these. |
all of these.
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50. The stramenopiles include the
a. oomycotes. b. brown algae. c. coccolithophores. d. diatoms. e. all of these. |
all of these
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51. Which pigment(s) is(are) characteristic of chlorophytes?
a. chlorophyll a b. phycobilins c. chlorophyll b d. phycoerythrins e. chlorophylls a and b |
chlorophylls a and b
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52. The unicellular alga Chlamydomonas
a. lacks an asexual stage. b. lacks a sexual stage. c. lacks a haploid and a diploid phase. d. possesses both a haploid and a diploid phase. e. produces thick-walled resistant spores. |
possesses both a haploid and a diploid phase
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53. Agar is produced by
a. brown algae. b. red algae. c. phycobilins. d. foraminiferans. e. brown and red algae. |
red algae
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54. Which is false about plasmodial slime molds?
a. They are myxomycetes. b. They live in leaf litter and soils of temperate forests. c. They lack a diploid stage in the life cycle. d. They feature a multinucleated mass that arises from repeated mitotic activity without accompanying cytokinesis. e. They feed on decaying organic material and microbes. |
They lack a diploid stage in the life cycle.
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55. The signal for aggregation and communal activity by cellular slime molds is
a. auxin. b. cyclic-AMP. c. glycoprotein slime. d. RNA. e. unidentified as yet. |
cyclic-AMP.
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56. The closest relatives of fungi and animals are
a. amoebozoans. b. chlorophytes. c. alveolates. d. stramenopiles. e. none of these. |
amoebozoans.
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57. Which of the following is NOT true concerning plants?
a. There are at least 295,000 kinds of existing plants. b. Plants affect the composition of the atmosphere. c. Almost 750 plant species in the United States alone are now on the endangered list. d. The colonization of the land by plants made it possible for animals to live and evolve on land. e. Plants resupply atmospheric oxygen by splitting CO2 during photosynthesis. |
Plants resupply atmospheric oxygen by splitting CO2 during photosynthesis.
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58. Prior to 500 million years ago, organisms were unable to venture onto land because
a. the earth's crust was too hot. b. the land was too dry. c. there was not enough oxygen in the atmosphere for respiration. d. the land was not shielded from the sun's ultraviolet radiation. e. there was no organic matter on land for food. |
the land was not shielded from the sun's ultraviolet radiation.
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59. Which of the following is considered to be most closely related to land plants?
a. red algae b. chlorophytes c. charophytes d. trypanosomes e. all of these |
charophytes
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60. Which of the following is true of xylem?
a. conducts water up the plant b. conducts mineral ions up the plant c. connects with roots d. connects with leaves e. all of these |
all of these
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61. Which of the following is(are) specialization(s) that evolved in land plants that was(were) unnecessary
in their aquatic ancestors? a. xylem b. phloem c. stomata d. roots e. all of these |
all of these
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62. The evolution of ____ was crucial in the evolution of plants from aquatic to terrestrial environments.
a. roots b. leaves c. stems d. stomata e. all of these |
all of these
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63. Which of the following statements is false?
a. Mosses do not have xylem and phloem. b. Mosses do not have true leaves. c. Mosses do not have true stems. d. Mosses have rhizoids, not roots, for attachment. e. Mosses have independent sporophytes. |
Mosses have independent sporophytes.
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64. Pioneers of the American West used the plant called horsetails
a. as pot scrubbers. b. as sandpaper. c. for decoration. d. for kindling. e. for food. |
as pot scrubbers.
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65. Which of the following is NOT a conifer?
a. pine b. fir c. cedar d. ginkgo e. cypress |
ginkgo
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66. Which of the following plants is NOT a gymnosperm?
a. cycad b. spruce c. palm d. ginkgo e. gnetophyte |
palm
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67. Which of the following statements about pinecones is true?
a. Cones are exclusively female structures. b. Cones are the result of pollination. c. One type of cone produces microspores. d. Pollen grains are retained within male cones. e. Microspores develop into female gametophytes within the ovule. |
One type of cone produces microspores.
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68. The megaspores are indicated by
a. A. b. B. c. C. d. D. e. E. |
68. ANS: E
image |
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69. Fertilization is indicated by
a. A. b. B. c. C. d. D. e. E. |
69. ANS: A
image |
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70. The first group with flowers are the
a. algae. b. fern allies. c. ferns. d. angiosperms. e. gymnosperms. |
angiosperms.
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71. All EXCEPT which of the following are monocots?
a. iris b. wheat c. maple d. grass e. palms |
maple
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72. The triploid tissue that results from double fertilization becomes the
a. endosperm. b. zygote. c. new sporophyte. d. gametophyte. e. seed coat. |
endosperm.
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73. The meiosis that produces the megaspores is indicated by
a. A. b. B. c. C. d. D. e. E. |
73. ANS: C
image |
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74. The pollen grain is indicated by
a. A. b. B. c. C. d. D. e. E. |
74. ANS: D
image |
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75. Coccidioides immitis is commonly found in ____.
a. southeastern U.S. b. southwest Canada. c. western Africa. d. southwest U.S. e. none of these. |
southwest U.S.
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76. Most fungi are
a. photosynthetic organisms. b. heterotrophic and saprophytic. c. chemoautotrophs. d. seasonal growers. e. any of these. |
heterotrophic and saprophytic.
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77. The ____ fungi rely on extracellular digestion and absorption of energy-rich substances from living
organisms. a. chemosynthetic b. saprobic c. parasitic d. plasmodial e. autotrophic |
parasitic
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78. The principal difference between a saprophytic and parasitic mode of nutrition is
a. the quality of the nutrients. b. the species of fungus that possess it. c. determined by the quantity of available nutrients. d. determined by the source of the nutrients. e. whether the digestion is intracellular or extracellular. |
determined by the source of the nutrients
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79. The above photomicrograph is of
a. mycelium. b. protistans. c. mycorrhizae. d. stolons. e. rhizoids. |
mycelium.
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80. Which of the following statements describes the value of fungi in the environment?
a. Fungi "fix" nitrogen from the air for use by plants. b. Fungi trap sunlight energy in the form of carbohydrates. c. Fungi release elements from organic matter. d. Fungi enrich the soil by decreasing the rate of decay of organic matter. e. Fungi remove toxic metals from the soil. |
Fungi release elements from organic matter.
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81. The only group of fungi to have a flagellated stage are the
a. Chytrids. b. Ascomycota. c. Basidiomycota. d. "imperfect fungi." e. Zygomycota then subsequently Ascomycota. |
Chytrids.
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82. The structures labeled "A" and "C" in the figure are
a. specialized hyphae. b. gametangia. c. of different mating strains. d. hyphae containing several haploid nuclei. e. all of these. |
all of these.
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83. The above figure is of ____
a. Arthrobotrys. b. a parasitic fungus. c. a fungus attacking a nematode. d. a sac fungus. e. all of these. |
all of these.
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84. Baking bread and making wine are dependent on fungi belonging to the
a. Ascomycota. b. Zygomycota. c. Basidiomycota. d. Chytridiomycota. e. various species of "imperfect fungi." |
Ascomycota.
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85. Which of the following is NOT a member of the Ascomycota?
a. yeast b. black bread mold c. truffle d. Aspergillus e. Neurospora |
black bread mold
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86. Mushrooms are found in which of the following?
a. Ascomycota b. Basidiomycota c. "imperfect fungi" d. Chytridiomycota e. Zygomycota |
Basidiomycota
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87. Cytoplasmic fusion involves the union of fungal
a. nuclei. b. cells. c. spores. d. mycelia. e. gametes. |
cells.
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88. Which of the following is NOT associated with a mushroom?
a. gill b. dikaryotic hyphae c. nuclear fusion d. meiosis e. single-nuclei hyphae |
single-nuclei hyphae
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89. The structure labeled "A" in the figure is a(n)
a. basidium. b. zygote. c. ascus. d. gill from the underside of a mushroom. e. spore sac. |
basidium.
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90. A dikaryotic cell
a. is a spore. b. results from nuclear fusion. c. contains nuclei of two different mating types. d. becomes a zygote. e. becomes a gamete. |
contains nuclei of two different mating types.
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91. Lichens are unable to grow
a. on bare rocks. b. on tree trunks. c. in polluted areas. d. in cold temperatures, such as in the tundra. e. on granite gravestones. |
in polluted areas
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92. Cone snails
a. are predatory. b. are marine. c. produce toxins used in feeding. d. have shells that are prized for their beauty. e. fit all of these descriptions. |
fit all of these descriptions.
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93. Which of the following describe(s) conotoxins?
a. peptides b. chemically very diverse c. very specific targets d. inhibitors of channel proteins e. all of these |
all of these
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94. A major trend in the evolution of animals includes
a. cephalization. b. the development of types of symmetry. c. variation in coelomic cavities. d. the development of segments. e. all of these. |
all of these
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95. Which of the following is a deuterostome?
a. bird b. squid c. fly d. earthworm e. centipede |
bird
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96. Which of the following insulates various internal organs from the stresses of body wall movement and
allows organs to move and grow independently of the body wall? a. a coelom b. mesoderm c. a mantle d. a water-vascular system e. a saclike gut |
a coelom
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97. All EXCEPT which of the following statements is true of animal segmentation?
a. Truly segmented animals display uniform segments from anterior to posterior. b. Segmentation is a prelude to specialization of appendages. c. Sometimes segmentation is more visible internally than externally. d. Segments may be fused together. e. It is present in annelids, arthropods, and vertebrates. |
Truly segmented animals display uniform segments from anterior to posterior.
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98. Which of the following statements is false?
a. The development of a coelom was necessary before organisms could develop a large size. b. Segmentation allows increasing specialization of body parts. c. The development of a complete digestive tract allows the specialization of regions to carry out a variety of functions. d. Organisms with radial symmetry developed into the ultimate predators. e. None of these are false. |
Organisms with radial symmetry developed into the ultimate predators.
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99. Trichoplax
a. is a small, flattened, soft-bodied marine animal. b. is placed between sponges and cnidarians on the animal family tree. c. has the smallest genome of all the animals. d. has no mouth but rather uses extracellular digestion and absorption. e. fits all of these descriptions. |
fits all of these descriptions.
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100. Sponge gemmules
a. are used in respiration. b. capture food. c. function in excretion. d. serve in digestion. e. are reproductive agents. |
are reproductive agents.
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101. Cnidarians do NOT have
a. tentacles equipped with nematocysts. b. three germ layers. c. radial symmetry. d. a saclike gut. e. medusa stages. |
three germ layers.
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102. "Nerve net" describes the nervous system of
a. flatworms. b. cnidarians. c. annelids. d. sponges. e. none of these. |
cnidarians.
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103. Colonial cnidarians
a. include Obelia. b. include the Portuguese man-of-war. c. include corals. d. may harbor dinoflagellate symbionts. e. fit all of these descriptions. |
fit all of these descriptions.
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104. Bilateral symmetry is characteristic of
a. cnidarians. b. sponges. c. jellyfish. d. flatworms. e. corals. |
flatworms.
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105. A mantle is found only among the
a. Arthropoda. b. Annelida. c. Echinodermata. d. Mollusca. e. Chordata. |
Mollusca
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106. A radula is which of the following?
a. foot b. feeding organ c. ear d. sensitive hair e. balance organ |
106. feeding organ
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107. Bivalves lack which of the following molluscan features?
a. foot b. head c. mantle d. shells e. visceral mass |
head
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108. "Tardigrada" means?
a. tough exoskeleton b. many proglottids c. slow walker d. short digestive system e. coelom |
slow walker
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109. The animal phylum that contains the greatest number of named species is
a. Mollusca. b. Arthropoda. c. Nematoda. d. Chordata. e. Annelida. |
Arthropoda.
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110. The exoskeleton of a butterfly does NOT provide which of the following?
a. physical protection b. physical support c. an antidesiccant surface d. a respiratory surface e. an anchoring site for muscles |
a respiratory surface
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111. Which of the following is a disadvantage of an exoskeleton?
a. It must be shed for its owner to grow. b. It does not provide as efficient a muscle anchorage as an endoskeleton. c. It allows for excess water loss. d. It is not flexible enough to allow a full range of movement. e. It is not able to absorb pigments for sufficient camouflage. |
It must be shed for its owner to grow.
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112. The appendages of members of several phyla share common functions; however, only certain
appendages of arthropods are capable of a. walking. b. flight. c. feeding. d. copulation. e. swimming. |
flight.
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113. What are the unique devices used by insects for respiration?
a. gills b. lunglike chambers c. tracheas d. mantles e. pedipalps |
tracheas
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114. The arthropod eye is especially adept at
a. detecting motion. b. seeing long distances. c. surveying a wide field. d. detecting motion and surveying a wide field. e. detecting motion, surveying a wide field, and seeing long distances. |
detecting motion and surveying a wide field.
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115. Which of the following is NOT a chelicerate?
a. tick b. mosquito c. spider d. horseshoe crab e. scorpion |
mosquito
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116. Which of the following is NOT found in most spiders?
a. eyes b. silk glands c. trachea d. poison glands e. chelicerae |
trachea
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117. Some insects
a. lack wings. b. mature without undergoing metamorphosis. c. are highly social. d. have mouth parts specialized for bloodsucking. e. fit all of these descriptions. |
fit all of these descriptions.
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118. All EXCEPT which disease is transmitted to humans by mosquitoes?
a. malaria b. West Nile virus c. forms of encephalitis d. AIDS e. yellow fever |
AIDS
|
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119. The western corn rootworm
a. causes a billion dollars of crop losses annually. b. larvae feed on corn roots and damage the plants. c. compels farmers to spread 30 million pounds of pesticides annually throughout cornfields. d. uses an ingested plant juice, curcurbitacin, as a defense against birds. e. fits all of these descriptions. |
fits all of these descriptions.
|
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120. A water-vascular system is characteristic of the phylum
a. Arthropoda. b. Annelida. c. Chordata. d. Mollusca. e. Echinodermata. |
Echinodermata.
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|
121. Which of the following statements is NOT true?
a. All chordates have a notochord. b. All chordates have pharyngeal pouches or gill slits. c. All chordates have a dorsal nerve cord. d. All chordates are vertebrates. e. Chordates are found in all major types of environments. |
All chordates are vertebrates.
|
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122. The notochord is most closely associated with the
a. nervous system. b. spinal cord. c. skeletal system. d. skin system. e. muscle system. |
skeletal system.
|
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123. The only chordate feature still present in the human adult is
a. pharyngeal gill slits. b. a dorsal nerve cord. c. a notochord. d. a tail. e. all of these. |
a dorsal nerve cord
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124. During the life of a tunicate, the notochord
a. is present throughout life. b. appears only in the larva. c. develops during adulthood. d. is completely absent. e. changes into the nerve cord. |
appears only in the larva
|
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125. Arrow "B" points to a structure that
a. is one of the four exclusive features of chordates. b. extends anteriorly into the head region. c. provides support for muscle contraction. d. is replaced in adult vertebrates by the vertebral column. e. includes all of these. |
includes all of these.
|
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126. The chief predators of the ostracoderms were
a. sharks. b. ichthyosaurs, swimming reptiles. c. large agnathans. d. sea scorpions two meters long. e. trilobites. |
trilobites.
|
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|
127. The feeding habits of lampreys are best described as
a. suspension feeding. b. predatory. c. parasitic. d. scavenging. e. all of these. |
parasitic.
|
|
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128. In true fishes, the gills primarily serve which function?
a. gas exchange b. feeding c. water elimination d. both feeding and gas exchange e. all of these |
gas exchange
|
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|
129. Which of the following is associated with lobe-finned fish?
a. cartilage b. replaceable teeth c. dermal rays d. lungs e. none of these |
none of these
|
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|
130. Both existing mammals and extinct mammal-like groups are
a. synapsids. b. archosaurs. c. sauropsids. d. anapsids. e. pleiosaurs. |
synapsids.
|
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|
131. Finding a very large crater in the Gulf of Mexico provided support for the
a. gradual model of speciation. b. central dogma. c. biological species concept. d. K-T asteroid impact theory. e. cell theory. |
K-T asteroid impact theory
|
|
|
132. Researchers find support in the ____ hypothesis to explain the mass extinction of nearly all remaining
dinosaurs. a. adaptive radiation b. endosymbiosis c. K-T Asteroid hypothesis d. molecular clock e. continental drift |
K-T Asteroid hypothesis
|
|
|
133. All crocodilians
a. live in or near water. b. are predators with sharp teeth. c. have a four-chambered heart. d. show parental behavior. e. fit all of these descriptions. |
fit all of these descriptions.
|
|
|
134. The cloaca is which structure?
a. A b. B c. C d. D e. none of these |
D
|
|
|
135. Birds differ from earlier vertebrates by
a. their lack of scales. b. producing land eggs. c. the ability to maintain a constant body temperature through metabolic activities. d. the ability to fertilize eggs internally. e. their possession of a dorsal nerve cord. |
the ability to maintain a constant body temperature through metabolic activities.
|
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|
136. Birds and mammals share which of the following characteristics?
a. ectothermy (body temperature regulated by environment) b. body hair c. four-chambered heart d. lung design e. amniotic egg |
four-chambered heart
|
|
|
137. Adaptations for flight in birds include all EXCEPT which of the following?
a. sound production b. lightweight bones c. feathers d. efficient respiration e. four-chambered heart |
sound production
|
|
|
138. The largest living bird is
a. the ostrich. b. the dodo. c. flightless. d. the emu. e. the ostrich and flightless. |
the ostrich and flightless.
|
|
|
139. The letter "A" in the above figure represents
a. humerus b. pectoral girdle c. skull d. sternum e. pelvic girdle |
pectoral girdle
|
|
|
140. The letter "D" in the above figure represents
a. humerus b. pectoral girdle c. skull d. sternum e. pelvic girdle |
skull
|
|
|
141. The letter "B" in the above figure represents
a. humerus b. pectoral girdle c. skull d. sternum e. pelvic girdle |
humerus
|
|
|
142. Which is NOT one of the three groups of modern mammals?
a. eutherians b. therapsids c. marsupials d. monotremes e. pouched |
therapsids
|
|
|
143. A great adaptive radiation of mammals began about ____ million years ago.
a. 25 b. 65 c. 95 d. 125 e. 165 |
65
|
|
|
144. The letter "C" in the above figure represents which teeth?
a. incisors b. molars c. canines d. premolars e. none of these |
canines
|
|
|
145. The anthropoids of the Oligocene lived in
a. hot, dry deserts. b. grassy savannas. c. forests. d. the watery swamps. e. cool and pleasant mountains. |
forests.
|
|
|
146. The climate at the start of the Miocene ____ in comparison to the Oligocene.
a. remained the same b. became wetter and warmer c. became drier and cooler d. became wetter and cooler e. became drier and warmer |
became drier and cooler
|
|
|
147. How long ago did the hominid evolutionary line diverge from that leading to the great apes?
a. about 3 million years ago b. between 10 million and 5 million years ago c. during the Eocene epoch d. less than 2 million years ago e. about 1.5 million years ago |
between 10 million and 5 million years ago
|
|
|
148. The first toolmakers may have been
a. australopiths. b. Ardipithecus ramidus. c. Homo habilis. d. Homo erectus. e. australopiths or Homo habilis. |
australopiths or Homo habilis.
|
|
|
149. Fossil evidence suggests that the earliest members of the genus Homo were
a. social. b. omnivorous. c. toolmakers. d. social and omnivorous. e. social, omnivorous, and toolmakers. |
social, omnivorous, and toolmakers.
|
|
|
150. "Smaller teeth and jaws, presence of a chin, thin facial bones, and rounder, higher skull" would be a
partial description of a. Australopithecus robustus. b. Australopithecus boisei. c. Homo habilis (early Homo). d. Homo erectus. e. Homo sapiens. |
Homo sapiens.
|
|
|
MATCHING 151-200
151. The common amoeba, Amoeba proteus, is a member of this group. |
151. ANS: B
b. amoebozoans |
|
|
152. The slime molds are members of this group.
|
152. ANS: B
b. amoebozoans |
|
|
153. The malarial parasite Plasmodium is a member of this group.
|
153. ANS: C
c. alveolates |
|
|
154. This group includes the diatoms.
|
154. ANS: A
a. stramenopiles |
|
|
155. Paramecium belongs to this group.
|
155. ANS: C
c. alveolates |
|
|
156. eudicots
|
156. ANS: H
h. two seed leaves |
|
|
157. conifers
|
157. ANS: F
f. cypress and redwood; heterosporous; mostly evergreen |
|
|
158. club mosses
|
158. ANS: D
d. Lycopodium; cone-bearing sporophyte; free-living gametophyte |
|
|
159. cycads
|
159. ANS: G
g. confined to tropics or warm, temperate zones; resemble squat cone-bearing palm trees |
|
|
160. ferns
|
160. ANS: C
c. non-seed-bearing, heart-shaped gametophytes; spore-bearing leaves with sori |
|
|
161. flowering plants
|
161. ANS: J
j. have coevolved with pollinating vectors |
|
|
162. ginkgos
|
162. ANS: E
e. only one species left |
|
|
163. horsetails
|
163. ANS: I
i. Equisetum; homosporous; rhizomes present; aerial stems jointed |
|
|
164. angiosperm
|
164. ANS: B
b. "vessel seed" |
|
|
165. annelids
|
165. ANS: J
j. polychaetes, earthworms, leeches |
|
|
166. arthropods
|
166. ANS: I
i. crustaceans, ticks, and insects |
|
|
167. placozoan
|
167. ANS: B
b. tiny, flattened, crawling forms |
|
|
168. cnidarians
|
168. ANS: H
h. jellyfish and corals |
|
|
169. echinoderms
|
169. ANS: K
k. sea urchins, sea stars |
|
|
170. flatworms
|
170. ANS: C
c. planarians, flukes, tapeworms |
|
|
171. rotifers
|
171. ANS: F
f. wheel animals |
|
|
172. mollusks
|
172. ANS: E
e. snails, squids, clams |
|
|
173. roundworms
|
173. ANS: D
d. nematodes |
|
|
174. sponges
|
174. ANS: G
g. flagellated collar cells present |
|
|
175. birds
|
175. ANS: F
f. endotherm with feathers |
|
|
176. bony fishes
|
176. ANS: M
m. swim bladder for buoyancy |
|
|
177. caecilians
|
177. ANS: D
d. legless amphibian |
|
|
178. humans
|
178. ANS: C
c. placental mammal |
|
|
179. lampreys
|
179. ANS: I
i. modern-day parasitic agnathan |
|
|
180. lancelets
|
180. ANS: E
e. invertebrate chordate; no metamorphosis |
|
|
181. opossum
|
181. ANS: J
j. marsupial |
|
|
182. ostracoderms
|
182. ANS: B
b. jawless fishes; now extinct |
|
|
183. placoderms
|
183. ANS: H
h. most primitive fishes with jaws |
|
|
184. platypus
|
184. ANS: L
l. egg-laying mammal |
|
|
185. salamanders
|
185. ANS: N
n. may be sexually mature in larval form |
|
|
186. sharks
|
186. ANS: A
a. cartilaginous skeleton; jaws |
|
|
187. snakes
|
187. ANS: G
g. limbless reptile |
|
|
188. tunicates
|
188. ANS: K
k. adult is called "sea squirt" |
|
|
189. anthropoids
|
189. ANS: D
d. organisms in a suborder that includes New World and Old World monkeys, apes, and humans |
|
|
190. australopith
|
190. ANS: H
h. bipedal organisms from about 3.7 to 2 million years ago, with essentially human bodies and ape-shaped heads; brains no larger than those of chimpanzees |
|
|
191. dryopiths
|
191. ANS: I
i. transitional apelike forms some of whom were as large as chimpanzees |
|
|
192. hominoids
|
192. ANS: A
a. a group that includes apes and humans |
|
|
193. Miocene
|
193. ANS: F
f. an epoch of the Cenozoic lasting from 23.8 million to 5.3 million years ago; characterized by the appearance of primitive apes, whales, and grazing animals |
|
|
194. Neandertals
|
194. ANS: B
b. a population of Homo spp. that lived from at least 100,000 to as recently as 30,000 years ago; tool users and artisans |
|
|
195. primates
|
195. ANS: C
c. the order that includes animals with freely swiveling limbs, mobile graspin |
|
|
196. Pliocene
|
196. ANS: G
g. an epoch of the Cenozoic lasting from 5.3 million to 1.8 million years ago; characterized by the appearance of distinctly modern plants and animals |
|
|
197. Australopithecus
|
197. ANS: E
e. Lucy; lived about 3.2 million years ago |
|
|
198. Homo erectus
|
198. ANS: B
b. lived about 1.8 million years ago until 100,000 years ago; cranial capacity approximately 1,000 cubic centimeters; bipedal |
|
|
199. Homo sapiens
|
199. ANS: D
d. humans since 160,000 years ago |
|
|
200. Neandertals
|
200. ANS: A
a. lived from approximately 200,000 to 30,000 years ago; skilled toolmakers and artisans |
|
|
FILL IN THE BLANK
201. A __________ is a noncellular infectious particle with a protein coat enclosing DNA or RNA. |
201. ANS:
virus |
|
|
202. A virus infects a host cell and takes over the host's mechanisms of replication and __________
synthesis. |
202. ANS:
protein |
|
|
203. Some viruses cause disease; they act as __________ in humans.
|
203. ANS:
pathogens |
|
|
204. Bacteriophages may multiply by a __________ in which the new viral particles are made quickly and
released by lysis. |
204. ANS:
lytic pathway |
|
|
205. Bacteriophages may reproduce using a __________ in which viral DNA becomes part of the host
chromosome. |
205. ANS:
lysogenic pathway |
|
|
206. __________ are proteins that occur naturally in the vertebrate nervous system but can cause fatal
disease when they misfold. |
206. ANS:
Prions |
|
|
207. __________ or __________ extend from many prokaryotic cells and serve in attachment and
motility. |
207. ANS:
Pili; flagella |
|
|
208. The __________ is a circular molecule of DNA that resides in a region of cytoplasm called the
__________. |
208. ANS:
prokaryotic chromosome; nucleoid |
|
|
209. The 3 types of horizontal gene flow that occur in bacteria are __________, __________, and
__________. |
209. ANS:
conjugation; transcription; translation |
|
|
210. Archaeans include three main groups which include __________ (methane producers), __________
(salt lovers), and __________ (heat lovers). |
210. ANS:
methanogens; extreme halophiles; extreme thermophiles |
|
|
211. Some protists have complex life cycles and change between the haploid and diploid state. This process
is called __________. |
211. ANS:
alternation of generations |
|
|
212. __________ are single-celled and mostly or entirely heterotrophic.
|
212. ANS:
Flagellated protozoans |
|
|
213. Euglenoids live in freshwater; a __________ rids them of excess water.
|
213. ANS:
contractile vacuole |
|
|
214. __________ and __________ are single-celled heterotrophs with a secreted shell.
|
214. ANS:
Foraminiferans; radiolarians |
|
|
215. __________ are aquatic heterotrophs and autotrophs with a cellulose covering.
|
215. ANS:
Dinoflagellates |
|
|
216. In nutrient-rich water, photosynthetic protists may undergo population explosions known as
__________. |
216. ANS:
algal blooms |
|
|
217. __________ are heterotrophs that grow as a mesh of absorptive filaments. Some are plant pathogens.
|
217. ANS:
Water molds |
|
|
218. Land plants, or embryophytes, evolved from __________, a kind of green algae.
|
218. ANS:
charophytes |
|
|
219. A __________ dominates bryophyte life cycles.
|
219. ANS:
gametophyte |
|
|
220. Features that contributed to success on land include a __________ that protects spores.
|
220. ANS:
sporangium |
|
|
221. In seed plants, __________ allow reproduction without standing water.
|
221. ANS:
pollen grains |
|
|
222. __________ attach a gametophyte to soil or another surface.
|
222. ANS:
Rhizoids |
|
|
223. Roots and aboveground stems grow from __________.
|
223. ANS:
rhizomes |
|
|
224. __________ include conifers, cycads, ginkgos, and gnetophytes.
|
224. ANS:
Gymnosperms |
|
|
225. In multicelled species, spores germinate and give rise to filaments called __________ or from plant
pathogens. |
225. ANS:
hyphae |
|
|
226. The filaments typically grow as an extensive mesh called a __________.
|
226. ANS:
mycelium |
|
|
227. __________ fungi include common molds.
|
227. ANS:
Zygote or zygomycetes |
|
|
228. A __________ (fungus-root) is a symbiotic interaction between a fungus and a plant.
|
228. ANS:
mycorrhizae |
|
|
229. __________ are multicelled heterotrophs with unwalled cells.
|
229. ANS:
Animals |
|
|
230. Some animals have no body symmetry or have __________ symmetry like a wheel.
|
230. ANS:
radial |
|
|
231. __________ is a concentration of nerves and sensory structures at the head end.
|
231. ANS:
Cephalization |
|
|
232. The gut cavity may be a fully lined coelom or a partially lined __________.
|
232. ANS:
pseudocoelom |
|
|
233. In __________, an anus forms first.
|
233. ANS:
deuterostomes |
|
|
234. Animals most likely evolved from a colony similar to __________, a type of protist.
|
234. ANS:
choanoflagellates |
|
|
235. __________ are asymmetrical and do not have tissues or organs.
|
235. ANS:
Sponges |
|
|
236. __________, such as jellyfishes, corals, and sea anemones, are radially symmetrical.
|
236. ANS:
Cnidarians |
|
|
237. __________ in annelids regulate the composition of body fluid.
|
237. ANS:
Nephridia |
|
|
238. ___________, or water bears, have a reduced coelom and molt.
|
238. ANS:
Tardigrades |
|
|
239. The __________ (nematodes) have an unsegmented body, a cuticle that is molted, a complete gut, and
a false coelom. |
239. ANS:
roundworms |
|
|
240. ___________, such as sea stars, are invertebrate members of the deuterostome lineage.
|
240. ANS:
Echinoderms |
|
|
241. Four features help define __________: a notochord, a dorsal hollow nerve cord, a pharynx with gill
slits, and a tail extending past the anus. |
241. ANS:
chordates |
|
|
242. Invertebrate chordates include __________ and __________, both marine filter-feeders.
|
242. ANS:
tunicates; lancelets |
|
|
243. __________ are chordates with a braincase of cartilage or bone.
|
243. ANS:
Craniates |
|
|
244. Jaws and paired fins evolved in early __________.
|
244. ANS:
fishes |
|
|
245. In lineages that moved onto land, gills were replaced by lungs; kidneys became better at conserving
__________, and the circulatory system became more efficient. |
245. ANS:
water |
|
|
246. __________ are jawless fishes with a backbone.
|
246. ANS:
Lampreys |
|
|
247. __________ are tetrapods that live on land but typically return to water to reproduce.
|
247. ANS:
Amphibians |
|
|
248. Many amphibians now face extinction, and one cause is believed to be a __________ fungi.
|
248. ANS:
chytrid |
|
|
249. Reptiles are __________ (cold-blooded animals) with scales.
|
249. ANS:
ectotherms |
|
|
250. A __________ is an organ that allows exchange of nutrients between an embryo and its mother.
|
250. ANS:
placenta |
