• Shuffle
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
  • Alphabetize
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
  • Front First
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
  • Both Sides
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
  • Read
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
Reading...
Front

Card Range To Study

through

image

Play button

image

Play button

image

Progress

1/58

Click to flip

Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;

Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;

H to show hint;

A reads text to speech;

58 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
-2 types of skull fractures typically identified in the newborn are:
linear fractures
and
depressed fractures (skull injury)
-unless a blood vessel is involved, linear fractures heal without special treatment

true or false
true
-depressed fractures, or ping pong ball indentations, may result from? (2)


what is done to rule out bone fragments of underling injury of brain tissue
difficult births from pressure of the head on the bony pelvis. they also occur as a result of application of forceps.




a CT scan
-what is the bone most often factured during birth
clavicle
-dystocia, particularly shoulder impaction, is a risk factor in clavicular fracture. other risk factors include: (2)
vacuum extraction


birth wt greater than 4000g
daignostic modalities for broken clavicle? -3
limitation of motion of the arm,
crepitus over the bone,
absence of the Moro reflex on the affected side
-treatment for fractured clavicle?
gentle handling, no accepted treatment exists
Macrosomia

-infant presents with

what does their face look like?
what does their body look like?
what is unique about their organs?
what is uniqure about the placenta and umbilical cord?
a round face,

chubby body,

flushed complexion,

enlarged internal organs,

placenta and umbilical cord are larger than average
Macrosomia

-b/c insulin does not cross the BBB, what is the only organ that is not enlarged
brain
Macrosomia is typically caused by?

as the nutrients cross the placenta.......the fetal pancreas responds by
producing insulin to match the fuel supply. the resulting accelerated protein synthesis, together with a deposition of excessive glycogen and fat stores
Macrosomia

-the infant is most at risk for -4
hypoglycemia,
hypocalcemia,
hyperviscosity,
hyperbilirubinemia
-multisystem disease caused by a parasite commonly found in cats, dogs, pigs, sheep, cattle
Toxoplasmosis
-the diagnosis of toxoplasmosis in the neonate is supported by elevated levels of
cord blood serum IgM
Toxoplasmosis

-most neonates (70%) infected with this parasite in utero may be asymptomatic at birth, but in approx 50% ______--develops, and in 40% CNS involvement such as __________develops in the weeks and months after birth
chorioretinitis


hydrocephalus
Toxoplasmosis

-clinical features include 3 key findings:
hydrocephalus or microcephaly;

chorioretinitis;

cerebral calcifications
-severe toxoplasmosis is associated with
preterm birth,
growth restriction,

microcephaly or hydrocephaly,

microphthalmos,

chorioretinits,

CNS calcification,
thrombocytopenia,

jaundice and fevere.
petechiae or a maculopapular rash may be evident with what TORCH infection?
severe toxoplasmosis
-reducing the incidence of gonorrhea is done with what:
silver nitrate or antibiotics
Gonorrhea

-after the rupture of membranes ascending infection can result in contamination of the fetus

true or false
true
Gonorrhea

-contamination may occur as the infant passes through the birth canal, or it may occur postnatally from an infected adult

true or false
true
Gonorrhea

-eye prophylaxis is administered at or shortly after birth to prevent
ophthalmia neonatorum.
-the infant with a mild infection often recovers completely with appropriate treatment, such as neonatal ceftiaxone
-the infant with a mild infection often recovers completely with appropriate treatment, such as neonatal ceftiaxone
TORCH infections

T
O
R
C
H
T: toxoplasmosis
O: other: gonorrhea, syphilis, varicella, hep B virus, HIV
R: rubella
C: cytomegalovirus infections or cytomegalic inclusion disease
H: herpes simple virus infection
the infants born to heavy drinkers have 2x the risk of __________as those born to moderate drinkers
congenital abnormalities
-alcohol withdrawal can occur in neonates, esp. if maternal ingestion occurs near the time of birth
-s/s of withdrawal are: (4)
jitteriness,
increased tone and reflex responses,
irritability,
seizures
fetal alcohol syndrome

-based on the signs of 3 categories:


-cognitively what will the child have?
1. prenatal and postnatal growth restriction

2. CNS malfunctions (including mental retardation)

3. Craniofacial features (microcephaly, small eyes or fissures, thin upper lip, flat midface)



attention deficit disorder, IQ deficit ,diminished fine motor skills, poor speech
fetal alcohol syndrome

-these children also lack inhibition, and 2 other things:
have no stranger anxiety, and lack judgment skills
fetal alcohol syndrome

-other drugs such as (3) may potentiate the fetal effects of alcohol consumption during pregnancy
cigarettes, caffeine, and marijuana
fetal alcohol syndrome

-the infant may experience respiratory distress related to
preterm birth,
neurologic damage,
floppy epiglottis and small trachea,
cardiopulmonary arrest,
recurrent otitis media

hearing loss,

dental development abnormalities,

poor sucking ability,

possible cleft palate
fetal alcohol syndrome

-recognized as one of the leading causes of mental retardation in the US

true or false
true
fetal alcohol syndrome

-caregivers who provide extensive cuddling and human contact can deal with the eating problems that typically lead to a diagnosis of
failure to thrive
-heroin crosses the placenta and result in __________in 50% of exposed infants
IUGR


-may have a direct growth inhibiting effect on the fetus
Heroin


-there is an increased rate of ______but not of _________
-there is an increased rate of stillbirth but not of congenital anomalies
-many medical conditions attributed to heroin result from:
prematurity
-maternal detox in the 1st trimester carries and increased risk of
miscarriage
-why is detox in pregnancy is not recommended ????
b/c of possible withdrawal induced fetal distress
-what is often used in pregnancy to treat maternal drug cravings and prevent withdrawal
methadone
infants born to addicted mothers:
-heroin withdrawal usually begins when
within the first 12-48 hours of life
-common withdrawal symptoms from heroin of the infant may be:


what happens to the tendon reflexes?

what happens to the moro reflex?
jittery and hyperactive
-the infant may yawn of sneeze frequently

-tendon reflexes are increased



-the moro reflex is decreased
-the neonate may exhibit poor feeding and sucking tachypenia, vomiting, diarrhea, hypothermia, hyperthermia, and sweating
true
Heroin

-the use of Narcan is contraindicated in infants born to narcotic addicts


true or false
true

why?



b/c it may cause severe s/s of narcotic absinence syndrome and seizures
Heroin

-the risk of _______is 5-10 times higher for infants with significant withdrawal problems
SIDS
-most common illicit drug used by pregnant women
Marijuana
Marijuana

-may result in (2) for the infant
a shortened gestation and a higher incidence of IUGR
Marijuana

-higher incidence of what in amniotic fluid
of meconium staining
Marijuana

s/s in the neonate (3)
-jitteriness, tremors, impaired sleeping have been reported in infants
Tobacco

- cigarette smoking is associated with what kind of deficits in the full term neonate
birth weight
Tobacco

-what 3 things have been found to be reduced in infants whose mothers smoked during pregnancy
birth weight, head circumference, and length
Tobacco

the rate of (2) is increased in the smoking population
-the rate of miscarriage and preterm birth
Tobacco

-the substances can be secreted in breast milk for up to __ hrs after the mother has smoked
2
Tobacco

-deficits in growth in intellectual and emotional development, and in behavior have been documented

true or false
true


-these include poor auditory responsiveness, increased fine motor tremors, hypertonicity, decreased verbal comprehension
Tobacco

-harmful effects of smoking are: 5
IUGR,
LBW
SIDS
miscarriage,
prematurity,
-what is the effect of maternal smoking in breastfeeding
a reduction in the anti-infective properties of breast milk
Spinal cord injuries are usually the result of what?
Usually result of breech births b/c the head gets stuck and by pulling on it can cause spinal cord injury
Infants of Diabetic Mothers

Hyperbilirubinemia and polycythemia

-y?
Increased number of RBCs to be hemolyzed in liver (the liver isn’t ready for the normal load of RBC)
when you see a infant of a diabetic mother, think -3
big, shoulder dystocia, and hypoglycemia
TORCH infections

1st trimester =
2nd trimester =
1st trimester = more congenital anomalies
2nd trimester = more still births
Marijuana
bad!!!!!!!!!
Crosses placenta, shorter gestation, IUGR, very long half life (2 days), stays in breast milk, babies can be born with decreased fine motor skills, babies tend to be more sleepy and feed poorly