Final Management Exam Review

Front 1

QC system

Back 1

minimize analytic errors

Front 2

QA

Back 2

all the systemic action necessary to produce adequate patient care

Front 3

Qualitative

Back 3

+/-

Front 4

Quantitative

Back 4

actual number

Front 5

Mean, Median, Mode Range

Back 5

Front 6

Gaussian Curve/Bell Curve

Back 6

Front 7

CV

Back 7

The smaller the CV the more precise; less then 5% is good

Front 8

Accuracy

Back 8

agrees with the true value

Front 9

Precision

Back 9

agreement between replicate measurements

Front 10

Random Error

Back 10

related to Precision

Front 11

Systemic error

Back 11

related to accuracy; effects all samples

Front 12

Bias

Back 12

the amount by which an analysis varies from the correct result

Front 13

Reference interval

Back 13

range that includes 95% of a healthy population

Front 14

Evaluation studies

Back 14

• analysis of a series of standards determines linear range
  
• replicate samples measures imprecision
  

Front 15

Interference studies

Back 15

• Measures errors caused by a substance other than the analyte

• Hemoglobin, bilirubin, lipids

• If effect is observed concentration should be lowered

Front 16

Comparative method

Back 16

may be the reference method

Front 17

Linear regression y-axis

Back 17

test method

Front 18

Linear regression x-axis

Back 18

reference

Front 19

Linear regression slope

Back 19

constant systemic error

Front 20

Linear regression measures

Back 20

constant systematic error:

The constant difference between the test method and the comparative method are proportional to analyte concentration

Front 21

Random Error

Back 21

measure by the standard error of the estimate

Front 22

Proportional error

Back 22

differences between the test method and the comparative method are proportional to analyte concentration

Front 23

1

2s

Back 23

Exceeds +/- 2SD- Warning rule

Front 24

1

3S

Back 24

Exceeds the mean by +/- 3DS

Random error

Front 25

2

2S

Back 25

exceeds the same mean either by +2 or =2

Systemic error

Front 26

R

4S

Back 26

one point +2SD and -2SD form the other

Random error

Front 27

4

1S

Back 27

Four exceed the mean by either =/+1SD around the mean

systemic error

Front 28

10

X

Back 28

10 points fall on one side of the mean

Front 29

Westgard rules: random error

Back 29

13S, R4s

Front 30

Westgard rules: systemic error

Back 30

2 4 10

2s 1S x

Front 31

Diagnostic specificity

Back 31

• frequency of negative test in the absence of the disease
• TN/TN+FPX100

Front 32

Diagnostic sensitivity

Back 32

• Probability of obtaining a positive test result for a patient with a given disease
  
• TP/TP+FNX100

Front 33

Positive Predictive Value

Back 33

TP

------ X100

TP+FP

Front 34

Negative Predictive Value

Back 34

TN

---------- X 100

TN+FN

Front 35

Management styles

Back 35

• Authoritarian

• Democractic

• Consensus

• Laissez-Faire

Front 36

Theory X

Back 36

employees are lazy, motivated by money: authoritarian

Front 37

Theory Y

Back 37

employees are creative and willing to put talent to use: participative

Front 38

Hertzberrg Theory

Back 38

• Hygiene factor (setting)
  
• Motivators (personal satisfier)

Front 39

Work teams

Back 39

• forming
• storming
• norming
• performing

Front 40

Fixed cost

Back 40

don't change if the volume changes

Front 41

Variable cost

Back 41

do change with workload

Front 42

Total cost

Back 42

Fixed+variable

Front 43

Direct cost

Back 43

test specific cost

Front 44

Indirect cost

Back 44

expenditures after direct costs have been made

Front 45

Number of tests to break even (T)=

Back 45

Fixed cost

-------------------

A-V

A: average revenue of the lab

V: variable cost

Front 46

Revenue

Back 46

F (total fixed cost)

CM

CM=(A-V)/A