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29 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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How is dna manipulated |
Restriction enzymes |
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Telomere is |
Caps at the end of DNa that protects the chromosome |
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Why is meiosis important |
Producing organisms with genetic variation with correct number of chromosomes |
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What is a gene probe |
Section of DNa that has a fluorescent chemical attached to it and will glow.helps locate particular gene. |
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Where do substrates bind too |
Enzyme active site |
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Prophase1 |
Homologous chromosomes pair and exchange segments |
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Metaphase1 |
Tetrads line up |
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Anaphase1 |
Pairs of homologous chromosomes split up |
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3 alterations of chromosome structure |
Independent assortment , crossover , multiple sex partners |
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Test cross is |
Unknown dominant phenotype. To find out ... Cross with a homozygous recessive |
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Egg & Sperm are ? |
Haploid |
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Offspring is |
Diploid |
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Complimentary bases:
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A-T, G-C |
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Transcription is |
DNA 2 RNA |
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Transcription is |
mRNA-protein |
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mRNA pairs: |
A-U, |
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Coding dna steps |
Nt-dna, t-dna,m-rna |
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Exon vs intron |
Introns-non coding segments. Spliced out
Exons- code for protein . Doesn't get spliced |
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Frame shift is |
Major gross mutation. Occurs after deletion or insertion. |
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Frame shift is |
Major gross mutation. Occurs after deletion or insertion. |
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Point mutation is |
Missense. Depending on location, whether it's polar or non polar, and if it codes for stop or could have no affect at all. |
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Lysogenic cycle |
Dorment. Lytic is active |
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Lac operon |
Normally off until lactose is present |
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Two types of control |
Feedback inhibition, regulation of gene expression |
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4 important enzymes in dna |
Restriction enzymes (splicing) DNA ligase (sealing) Reverse transcriptase (cDNA) Thermophilic DNA polymerase (PCR) |
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Activators turn enzymes on |
Inhibitor turns enzymes off |
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Factors affecting enzyme activity |
Temperature salt concentration & ph |
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Functions of membrane proteins |
Cell2cell recognition Transports Signal transduction Enzymatic activity |
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Anatomy of an enzyme |
Active site, substrate,allosteric site |
