Final Geoscience 2012 Harrison

Front 1

What does an acceleration of 0 indicate about an object?

Back 1

It's moving at a constant speed.
--example: If I am walking along a road as I normally do at a constant velocity of 2.5m/s. my velocity is constant, but not zero, and my acceleration is zero.
Like wise if I drive my car as I usually do along the highway at a constant velocity of 15m/s, My acceleration is zero. But my velocity is not zero.

Front 2

Draw a force free-body diagram illustrating what forces are acting on a skateboarding turtle. (there are 5 forces!) Name the 5 forces...

Back 2

Lists, air resistance, gravity, acceleration, friction
NEED A FIFTH! (You listed acceleration as a force? Is it? Mom)

Front 3

Descriptions of force:
What is applied force?

Back 3

Fapp
An applied force is a force that is applied to an object by a person or another object. If a person is pushing a desk across the room, then there is an applied force acting upon the object. The applied force is the force exerted on the desk by the person.

Front 4

Descriptions of force:
what is gravity force?

Back 4

Fgrav
The force of gravity is the force with which the earth, moon, or other massively large object attracts another object towards itself. By definition, this is the weight of the object. All objects upon earth experience a force of gravity that is directed "downward" towards the center of the earth. The force of gravity on earth is always equal to the weight of the object as found by the equation:
Fgrav = m * g
where g = 9.8 N/kg (on Earth)

and m = mass (in kg)

(Caution: do not confuse weight with mass.)

Front 5

Descriptions of force:
Normal Force

Back 5

Fnorm
The normal force is the support force exerted upon an object that is in contact with another stable object. For example, if a book is resting upon a surface, then the surface is exerting an upward force upon the book in order to support the weight of the book. On occasions, a normal force is exerted horizontally between two objects that are in contact with each other. For instance, if a person leans against a wall, the wall pushes horizontally on the person.

Front 6

Descriptions of force:
Friction Force

Back 6

Ffrict
Friction Force
Ffrict


The friction force is the force exerted by a surface as an object moves across it or makes an effort to move across it. There are at least two types of friction force - sliding and static friction. Thought it is not always the case, the friction force often opposes the motion of an object. For example, if a book slides across the surface of a desk, then the desk exerts a friction force in the opposite direction of its motion. Friction results from the two surfaces being pressed together closely, causing intermolecular attractive forces between molecules of different surfaces. As such, friction depends upon the nature of the two surfaces and upon the degree to which they are pressed together. The maximum amount of friction force that a surface can exert upon an object can be calculated using the formula below:

Ffrict = µ • Fnorm

Front 7

Descriptions of force:
Air Resistance Force

Back 7

Fair
The air resistance is a special type of frictional force that acts upon objects as they travel through the air. The force of air resistance is often observed to oppose the motion of an object. This force will frequently be neglected due to its negligible magnitude (and due to the fact that it is mathematically difficult to predict its value). It is most noticeable for objects that travel at high speeds (e.g., a skydiver or a downhill skier) or for objects with large surface areas.

Front 8

Descriptions of force:
Tension Force

Back 8

Ftens
The tension force is the force that is transmitted through a string, rope, cable or wire when it is pulled tight by forces acting from opposite ends. The tension force is directed along the length of the wire and pulls equally on the objects on the opposite ends of the wire.

Front 9

Descriptions of force:
Spring Force

Back 9

Fspring
Spring Force
Fspring


The spring force is the force exerted by a compressed or stretched spring upon any object that is attached to it. An object that compresses or stretches a spring is always acted upon by a force that restores the object to its rest or equilibrium position. For most springs (specifically, for those that are said to obey "Hooke's Law"), the magnitude of the force is directly proportional to the amount of stretch or compression of the spring.

Front 10

Draw car diagram:
At what point in the diagram is the potential energy the highest?

Back 10

point A

Front 11

Draw car diagram:
At which point in the diagram is the velocity the highest?

Back 11

point B

Front 12

Which scientist is credited with the theory of continental Drift?

Back 12

Alfred Wegener, 1912

Front 13

What was the theory of continental drift?

Back 13

Continental drift is the movement of the Earth's continents relative to each other by drifting across the ocean bed.
--The hypothesis that the continents had once formed a single landmass before breaking apart and drifting to their present locations was first presented by Alfred Wegener to the German Geological Society on 6 January 1912.

Front 14

what was the pangaea?

Back 14

the massive supercontinent

Front 15

what is Harry Hess famous for?

Back 15

one of the "founding fathers" of the unifying theory of plate tectonics

-He is best known for his theories on sea floor spreading, suggesting that the convection of the Earth's mantle was the driving force behind this process.

Front 16

At which plate boundary would you find seafloor spreading?

Back 16

divergent

Front 17

Types of Plate Boundaries
There are three types of plate boundaries:Name them and describe them.

Back 17

1. Divergent Plate boundaries, where plates move away from each other.
2. Convergent Plate Boundaries, where plates move toward each other.
3. Transform Plate Boundaries, where plates slide past one another.

Front 18

the Earth's magnetic poles can reverse. True or false

Back 18

True

Front 19

The San Andreas Fault is on which plate boundary?

Back 19

CHECK THIS(H, you wrote "divergent" but I don't think it's true. I looked the following up.)
--I think they're looking for the name of the plate. Is it the "Pacific Plate"?
<more info below>
--The San Andreas Fault is a continental TRANSFORM FAULT that runs a length of roughly 810 miles (1,300 km) through California in the United States. The fault's motion is right-lateral strike-slip (horizontal motion). It forms the tectonic boundary between the Pacific Plate and the North American Plate.

Front 20

Give an example of a hotspot besides Hawaii

Back 20

--the ring of fire
--Besides Hawaii, other localities that owe their volcanism to a hotspot include Yellowstone, Iceland, the Galapagos, and the Reunion-Maldives islands.

Front 21

what action at a convergent boundary formed the Andes Mountains?

Back 21

(harrison you wrote "seafloor rising". However I found the below. please check.)

There are two major factors in the development of the Andes. First would be volcanic action, and second would be when the South American and Nazca plates collided. When the plates collided, they created an uplift that made a major contribution in forming the Andes Mountains.

Front 22

what is the inner core made of? (be specific!)

Back 22

(harrison you wrote "liquid iron" I don't think that's enough)
primarily "Iron-nickel alloy"
the remaining is gold, platinum and other elements.

Front 23

What earth layer sits on top of the asthenosphere?

Back 23

Lithosphere

Front 24

name the earth's layers

(may want to check what I found here Har.)

Back 24

lithosphere (crust and upper most solid mantle), asthenosphere, mantle, outer core (liquid), inner core (solid)

Front 25

what layer of the earth cases the shadow zone?

in one word, why?

Back 25

--liquid outer core (you just wrote "outer core)
--reflection (I looked this up in wiki and they said "refraction")
(Refraction is the change in direction of a wave due to a change in its speed.) Please check to see which is right. I have no idea.




(A seismic shadow zone is an area of the Earth's surface where seismographs cannot detect an earthquake after its seismic waves have passed through the Earth.)

Front 26

which seismic wave(s) cannot travel through the outer core?

Back 26

S wave

Front 27

Which seismic wave travels the fastest?

Back 27

P wave

Front 28

Which seismic wave causes the most damage?

Back 28

S wave

Front 29

What is the lag time at 6000 km? (see graph)

Back 29

9.6 minutes
(you need to show work and do sample problems)

Front 30

If the station from #19 received p-waves at noon, at what time did the earthquake occur?

Back 30

2:00 o'clock am
(show your work)

Front 31

where would you find a composite volcano?
name an example.
Give a tectonic location AND
Give a geographical location of your choice.

Back 31

--Where Plates move towards one another at CONVERGENT BOUNDARIES; one plate is forced below another in a process called SUBDUCTION. Earthquakes and COMPOSITE VOLCANOS are common at this type of boundary.

--Mt. fuji, Japan

--mount fuji is located at a triple junction, its convergent.
The Philippine Tectonic Plate, the Eurasian Plate (or the Amurian Plate), and the North American (or Okhotsk Plate) meet at Mount Fuji.
--harrison, please check the tectonic location question with your tutor!)

Front 32

what is a composite volcano?

Back 32

dormant but not extinct
they are the explosive type. The lava doesn't flow easily. Look at hawaii and Mt. St. helens.

Front 33

How much power, in MW, is produced by an earthquake if it expels 6 x 10 (to the 26) J of energy in 3 milliseconds?

Back 33

Needs answer...

Front 34

what type of rock is produced by a shield volcano?
does this have high or low silica?

Back 34

--BASALT: An igneous rock is found inside a shield volcano
--the lava was formed at a high temperature and has a lower amount of silicon (the main ingredient of the mineral quartz), the lava will flow relatively smoothly and cool to form the rock basalt. The type of volcano that produces this kind of lava is called a shield volcano. The volcanoes in Hawaii are shield volcanoes and most of the rock they produce is basalt.
-- LOW SILICA

Front 35

what are shield volcanos built of?

give an example

Back 35

--almost entirely of fluid lava flows. Flow after flow pours out in all directions from a central summit vent, or group of vents, building a broad, gently sloping cone of flat, domical shape, with a profile much like that a a warrior's shield.

--hawaii

Front 36

What is the period of this wave?

What is the wavelength?

Back 36

wavelength: 0.2

period: 40

Front 37

What are the next 2 stages in our sun's life cycle?

Back 37

Red Giant
white dwarf

Front 38

What reaction occurs in the core of a star?

Back 38

nuclear

Front 39

What force keeps a star from exploding?

Back 39

gravity

Front 40

How many AUs away is Alpha Centauri if is 6 x 10 (to the 9) km away? (1 AU = 1.5 x 10 (to the 8) KM)

Back 40

needs answer!!

Front 41

what type of spectrum does a star have?

Back 41

electromagnetic

Front 42

How long would it take to see Alpha Centauri supernova, if it is 4.2 LY away?

Back 42

4.2 years

Front 43

A(n) ___________ in earth's angle of tilt would make our summers more intense.

Back 43

increase

Front 44

Harrison-- work on more questions like #27, and #14 on your practice sheet.
work on more graph related questions like

Back 44

Needs more practice-
ask tutor and teacher

Front 45

Harrison - work on more graph related questions like #19, 20, 23

Back 45

Needs more practice
ask tutor and teacher

Front 46

Harrison--you are weak on the force free body diagram question and what forces are acting on a body. You need to know more about this.

Back 46

Needs more practice
ask tutor and teacher