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28 Cards in this Set
- Front
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Why were Americans isolationists prior toWWII? |
After WWI they didn't want to go through another war. They were also in great debt along with other nations. |
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What is Fascism? |
a governmental system led by a dictator having complete power, forcibly suppressing opposition and criticism, regimenting all industry, commerce, etc., and emphasizing an aggressive nationalism and often racism. |
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How did depression start in Europe? |
Paying back war debt.Widespread, hunger, homelessness, and unemployment.Democracies collapsed and dictators came to power one-by-one. |
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Who is Benito Mussolini? |
Leader of Italy “il Duce”=the chief Established Fascist Party Came to power by crushing opposition Created a Totalitarian state, however not socialist state |
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German Aggression? |
1938 Hitler occupied Austria Hitler calls French Premier: Daladier and British PM:Chamberlain“last territorial demand” and sign munich pact hitler invades sudetenland Appeasement: “principles to pacify and aggressor”isolationists in america |
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When did the leaders know the Appeasement Policy failed? |
March 15, 1939 Hitler invades the rest of Czechoslovakia Aug. 1939 Hitler and Stalin sign Non-aggression Pact Signed a 2nd pact (secret) to split Poland Sept. 1, 1939 Hitler invades Poland |
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What is the Manhattan Project? |
(secret program)=Roosevelt created the Office of Scientific Research & Development (OSRD) to create atomic bomb. After a warning and asking for surrender, Truman made the decision to drop two atomic bombs on Nagasaki and Hiroshima. |
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What is Operation Torch? |
Allied Invasion of North Africa Remove Germans & Italian troop control over the region Protect Shipping in the Mediterranean Sea. To attack France next. |
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What is Operation Overlord? |
Allied Invasion of Occupied France Called: Invasion of W. Europe-Normandy (France)-Bombing, paratroopers, & troops invade by boat on coast Take France from Hitler & German troops & then push east into German territory |
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What happened to the Japanese Americans during WWII? |
They were sent to Japanese Interment Camps Feb. 19, 1942 FDR signed an order requiring the removal of people for Japanese ancestry from CA,WA,OR, and AZ Based the need for “national security” |
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How did the Government control the Industry and War Effort during WWII? |
Office of Price Administration (OPA) controlling the price of goods to stop increased inflation War Production Board (WPB)in charge of helping companies convert from peacetime to wartime production, organised drives, etc. |
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What was the Final Solution to the Jewish Question? |
Heinrich Himmler=architect of Nazi Plan Building of extermination camps for mass genocide Transported in cattle cars Mass shootings Gas chambers zyklon B-gas |
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What was the basis of Truman’s Foreign Policy? |
Containment: policy to block Soviet efforts to spread Communism Create alliances and support the weaker countries and keeps Communism from controlling them |
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What is Truman Doctrine? |
Goal: prevent spread of communism to Greece and Turkey $400 million in aid (1947-1950)Economic and military assistance Get tough with Soviet Union (really he’s indirectly dealing with it by throwing money around) |
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What is Marshall Plan? |
W. Europe’s economic problems George Marshall, Sec. of State proposed the Marshall Plan -Proving economic means for countries who needed it -Helping hunger and poverty Congress debated the plan Soviets invade Czechoslovakia Sent $12.5 billion in aid Success: Industry began to boom again |
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What was the Iron Curtain? |
A term used by Winston Churchill to describe the separating of the communist lands of East Europe form the capitalist West |
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What happened at the Geneva (Switzerland) Summit |
Eisenhower vs. Nikita Krushchev Eisenhower proposed “open skies” -Fly over other countries (protect against nuclear attacks) Soviets rejected -Nothing specific accomplished |
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Eisenhower Doctrine (1957) |
Declared: the US would help, on request, any nation in the Middle East, trying to resist armed Communist aggression -Counter to Soviet friendly actions with Middle East Approved by Congress Eisenhower authorization over military and in Middle East |
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Civil War in China (1949) |
South: Chiang Kai-shek Nationalists (democracy) Backed by the US Dictatorial and corrupt Protests shot in urban scene Taxed farmers (even in years of famine) North: Mao Zedong Communist Backed by the SUPeasant support Goals:-Redistributed land- Collective farmers- Schools et up for farmers-Reduced rents |
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How was Korea divided? What were the differences between the two nations? |
North Surrender to the Soviets after WWII Democratic People’s Republic Communist Capital: Pyongyang Kim IL Sung Industry/Mineral Wealth South Surrendered to Americans after WWII Republic of Korea Capital Seoul Strongman Rhee Agriculture/Farmland Imaginary line at 38☉ north latitude |
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What is NATO |
North Atlantic Treaty OrganizationDefensive military Alliance |
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MacArthur vs Truman |
Truman’s goals:On the brink of war with China Soviets and Chinese allies -->World War III? UN and South Koreans forces Communists past 38☉ MacArthur’s goals: Attack China Blockade East coast of China Called for use atomic weapons Chiang Kai-Shek and troops to attack Southern China |
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Berlin Airlift |
Conflicts over reunited W. Germany Three western zones unified in 1948 Soviet retaliation by holding W. Berlin hostage -Cutting off highway, water, and railroads City faced starvation (5 weeks) Solution: Berlin Airlift - flying food and supplies-327 days (277,000 flights)-2.3 tons |
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What is Brinkmanship? |
The willingness to go to the brink of war Based on threats of massive retaliation -Massive retaliation: Soviet strikes 1st, US will retaliate |
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Russia has the bomb |
1949: Soviet Union tests atomic bomb US did not know SU had this technology: this was shocking disturbing US decides to step up nuclear technology development: -spend more money on military/nuclear research -Created H bomb (hydrogen) |
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How is the Cold war fought |
Espionage(KGB and CIA)Arms Race(nuclear escalation)Ideological Competition for the minds and hearts of Third world peoplesBi-Polarization of Europe(NATO and Warsaw Pact) |
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Cuban Revolution (1956-1959) |
Fidel Castro led the revolution -Promised democracy Overthrew Batista, corrupt dictator -Instituted communism Used help from SU and political oppression to initiate his plans |
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Berlin Crisis |
West Berlin = “showcase of democracy ”20% of East Berliners fled to W. Berlin-Economic blow to East Berlin Aug. 1961: Khrushchev’s response built Berlin Wall-Barbed wire and concrete wall -Separating the city and families Berlin Wall built to block East Germans from escaping to freedom in West Berlin Kennedy’s response: sent 1,500 troops from West Germany Lyndon B. Johnson (VP) visited West Berlin to reassure the city that the US would not abandon them |
