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56 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Involves the skin and the internal organs.
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Local Infection
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Involves the entire body or localized area of the body.
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Systemic Infection
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Controls growth and spread of bacteria
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Bacteriostatic
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Kills Bacteria
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Bactericidal
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localized presence of microorganism in body tissues or organs - can be pathogenic or part of normal flora.
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Colonization
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Occurs when flora at normal site of colonization are killed and other unaffected organisms grow uninhibited.
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Superinfection
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Protective mechanism of the body tissues which consists of cytologic and histologic tissue responses for the localization of pahgocytic activity and destruction or removal of injurious material, leading to repair and healing. (redness, warmth, edema)
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Inflammation
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syndrome in which multiple organ systems are involved as a result of circulation of microorganisms in the blood.
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Sepsis
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single-celled microorganisms which can exist either as independent organisms or as parasites.
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Bacteria
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small living articles that can infect cells and change how the cells function.
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Virus
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A single celled, colorless plant that lacks chlorophyll, such as yeast or molds
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Fungus
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A single celled protozoan organism that constantly changes shape.
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Amoeba
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Serious and sometimes life-threatening hypersensitivity reactions which include wide-spread sloughing of both the skin and mucous membranes.
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Stevens-Johnson Syndrome
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Occurs when susceptible bacteria are destroyed and resistant bacteria remain and multiply.
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drug resistance
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Highly active anti-retroviral therapy for the treatment of HIV infection.
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HAART Therapy
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As in a person's reaction to measles, mumps and the chicken pox.
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Actively Acquired Natural Immunity
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as in immunizations with either a attenuated or dead bacteria which causes the antibody formation.
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Artificially Acquired Natural Immunity
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when reaction happens in another body and placed into the diseased body.
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Passive Immunity
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target the cell during a specific phase of cell division.
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Cell Cycle Specific Oncologic Drugs
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target the cell in any phase of the cycle.
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Non Cell cycle specific oncologic drugs
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Interferes with the process of cell division therefore inhibiting growth of cells.
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Mechanism of action of chemotherapeutic drugs.
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Drug capable of causing tissue necrosis when extravasated.
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Vesicant Drug
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A shortage of all types of blood cells, including RBC WBC and PLT
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Pancytopenia
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Infection caused by a decreased WBC count. Precautions are strict handwashing, private room, no uncooked food, no flowers or plants in the room, no suppositories.
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Neutropenia
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Infection dues to decreased PLT's, bleeding. Precautions are no injections, razors for shaving, hard toothbrushes no suppositories.
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Thrombocytopenia
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An abnormal increase in blood plasma.
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Hypervolemia
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An abnormal decrease in blood plasma, dehydration.
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Hypovolemia
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a clear preparation of regular (crystalline zinc) insulin with an immediate (15 to 30 minutes) onset of action that reaches a peak of action in 2 to 4 hours. The duration of action is 6 to 8 hours.
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Short Acting Insulin
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a preparation of synthetic human or pork insulin to which zinc has been added under specific chemical conditions that has an intermediate range of action. Neutral Protamine Hagedorn insulin starts to work about 60 to 90 minutes after injection, peaks 4 to 12 hours after injection, and lasts about 18 hours
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Intermediate Acting Insulin
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A synthetic type of insulin used to treat diabetes. Reaches peak action 30–90 minutes after administering.
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Rapid Acting Insulin
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blood sugar is 200 or higher.
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Hyperglycemia
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blood sugar is 60 or below.
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Hypoglycemia
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The scale used to administer how much insulin to give by checking the patient's blood sugar levels.
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Sliding scale for insulin
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serum calcium levels are decreased and serum phosphate levels are increased.
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Hypo-parathyroidism
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hyperactivity of parathyroid glands which results in hypercalcemia. - excessive PTH causes increased resorption of calcium from the skeletal system and increased retention of calcium from the skeletal system and increased retention of calcium by the kidneys.
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Hyper-parathyroidism
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Adrenergic System. Fight of Flight System. Increase HR and slows digestive system.
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Sympathetic Nervous System
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Cholinergic System. Rest and Digest System. Works to conserve body energy and is partly responsible for slowing heart rate, digesting food and eliminating body wastes.
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Parasympathetic Nervous System
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drugs affect the EPS system within the brain causing abnormal muscle movement such as Parkinson like symptoms. akthisia, dystonia,
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Extrapyrimidal Symptoms
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rhythmic, involuntary movement of the tongue, face, mouth or jaw.
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Tartive Dyskinesia
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What are Sulfonamides used for?
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UTI's and burns.
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What is Penicillin's used for?
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UTI's, Septicemia, Meningitis, PNA, STD's and intraabdominal infections. prophylaxically used to prevent secondary infection or before invasive procedures such as dental or upper resp tract procedures.
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What are Cephalosprins used for?
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Almost all of the strains of bacteria affected by the penicillins as well as some that have become resistant to penicillin.
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What are tetracyclines used for?
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broad-spectrum antibiotics when penicillin is contraindicated. Rickett's dz, rocky mtn fever, typhus fever, tick fevers. Intestinal amebiases, chlamydia, lyme dz.
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What are aminoglycosides used for?
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lower respiratory infections, bone and join infections, UTI's, skin infections, and STD's
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What are Leprostatic drugs used for?
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Leprosy and Pneumocitis (PNA)
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What are Antivirals and Antiretrovirals used for?
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CMV - cytomegaloviros, herpes simplex virus, herpes zoster, HIV, influenza, respiratory synctial virus RSV, Hepatitis B & C.
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What are antifungal drugs used for?
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superficial and deep fungal infections. systemic infections such as aspergillosis, candidiasis, crytococcal meningitis, superfical infections of nailbeds and oral, anal and vaginal areas.
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What are Antiparasitic drugs used for?
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Kill protozoa in glaucoma and bacterial and/or viral infections.
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What is TPN (Total Parenteral Nutrition) used for?
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used in patients with impaired gastric function, increased requirement for protein, impaired ability to take po nourishment.
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What is FFP (Fresh Frozen Plasma) used for?
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To restore blood volume after severe hemorrhage before PRBC's are available. When plasma alone has been lost as in severe burns. Prophylactically to prevent bleeding before some procedures.
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What is Potassium used for?
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As the antidote for Coumadin, which is an anti-coagulant. It is necessary part of synthesis for certain proteins for blood clotting. It is necessary for the transmission of nerve impulses, contraction of smooth, cardiac, and skeletal muscles.
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What is Sodium used for?
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Important for acid-base balance, normal heart function, water balance.
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What is Calcium used for?
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Necessary for the functioning of nerves and muscles, blood clotting, and building of bones and teeth.
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What is Magnesium used for?
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Plays an important role in the transmission of nerve impulse. used to prevent seizures in preeclampsia of pregnancy, due to hypertension.
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What is Bicarbonate used for?
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Used to treat metabolic acidosis - decrease in blood pH. when there is an excess of hydrogen ions.
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What are glucocorticoids, steroids used for?
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Allergic reactions, collagen dz's like lupus, rheumatic disorders, inflammatory disorders like IBD and arthritis.
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