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27 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Physiological changes associated with aging:
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-Respiratory
-Cardiovascular -Nutrition -Elimination -Activity & Rest -Protection -Senses -Fluid & Electrolytes -Neurological -Endocrine |
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Respiratory changes in aging:
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-Respiratory muscle strength decreases
-AP diameter of thorax increases -Decreased mobility of ribs/chest wasll stiffer -Lung expansion decreases -More likely to dev. pneum. after surgery |
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Cardiovascular changes in aging:
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-Decreased contractile strenght of myocardium = decreased cardiac output
-Takes longer for heart rate to return to normal after exercise -Systolic and/or diastolic hypertension -Peripheral pulses weaker (extremities may cool quickly) -Heart beat less efficiently, drugs are absorbed and distributed slowly |
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Nutrition changes in aging:
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-Decreased activity levels means requires fewer calories
-Those who are very active or recovering may need additional calories -Loss of calcium may result in bone loss, supplementation may be needed |
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Elimation changes in aging:
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Hypertrophy of prostate(men)
Stress Incontinence (women) |
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Genito-urinary changes:
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-Reduced renal filtration rate
-Slow restoration of acid-base balance -Possiblity of urgency, frequency, and incontinence |
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Gastrointestinal System changes:
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-Slowing of peristalsis
-Alteration in secretions -Delayed gastric emptying -Constipation -Flatulence -Diarrhea -REDUCED GASTRIC MOTILITY |
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Altered liver function will affect ? of a drug.
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metabolism
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Altered kidney function will affect ? of a drug.
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excretion
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Activity and Rest changes in aging:
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-Total sleep time decreases until age 80, then increases slightly
-Time in bed increases after age 65 -Onset of sleep is lengthened (>30min) -Naps are more common -Sleep is subjectively and objectively lighter -Frequency of abnormal breathing events is increased- -Frequency of leg mvmts during sleep during sleep is increased |
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Process whereby the person's skin, hair, nails, and immune system function in such a manner as to help ensure body integrity and wholeness.
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Protection
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Protection changes in aging:
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-Decreased protein/albumin levels may increase incidence of skin breakdown
-Falls-30% will fall at least once a year, 5% will obtain a fracture, 1% will be hip fractures. Of that 1%, 10% of all older people who obtain a hip fracture will die within one -Sensory impairments contribute to protection |
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Senses changes in aging:
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-Decreased visual accommadation, macular degeneration
-Decreased hearing ability -Decreased taste -Diminished smell -Decreased pain perception |
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Fluid and Electrolyte changes in aging:
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-Reduced # of functioning nephrons
-Decreased glomerular filtration rate -Reduced blood flow -Reduced renal clearance starts at age 30 -Due to delayed excretion, the elderly client is more likely to develop toxicity/accumulation |
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Neurological changes in aging:
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- # of neurons begins to decrease after age of 25
-Older adults may experience decreased sense of balance or uncoordinated motor responses -Sleep cycles are affected |
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Endocrine changes in aging:
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-Narrower temperature ranges
-Deterioration in temperature control mechanisms-poor vasomotor control and reduced metabolism -Basal Metabolic Rate may decrease as thyroid becomes less effective |
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A communication technique used to make the older adult more aware of time, place, and person
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Reality Orientation
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What are the main purposes for reality orientation?
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-Restoring a sense of reality
-Improving level of awareness -Promoting socialization -Elevating independent functioning -Minimizing confusion, disorietation, and physical regression |
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What may be the only symptom of a systemic infection in the elderly?
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Changes in cognitive function
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What are the 3 most common conditions affectin cognition in older adults:
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1.Delirium
2.Dementia 3.Depression |
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Acute state, potentially reversible
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Delirium
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Gradual, progressive, and irreversible
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Dementia
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Experienced by >20% of older adults, potentially reversible
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Depression
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Process whereby a disabled person is helped to obtain optimal function.
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Rehabilitation
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What is the primary goal of rehabilitation?
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To minimize the deficit from the condition and maximize the abilites that are intact
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Symptoms during 3 Stages Alzheimer's Disease:
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1.Early stage-memory loss
2.Mid stage-Confusion, loss of ability to recognize objects(agnosia) 3.End stage-Inability to think and communicate effectively, loss of ability to perform familiar tasks (apraxia), and loss of language skills (aphasia) |
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What are the 5 rights of delegation?
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1.Right Task
2.Right Circumstances 3.Right Person 4.Right Direction/Communication 5.Right Supervision/Evaluation |