Final Exam Unit 6

Front 1

Physiological changes associated with aging:

Back 1

-Respiratory
-Cardiovascular
-Nutrition
-Elimination
-Activity & Rest
-Protection
-Senses
-Fluid & Electrolytes
-Neurological
-Endocrine

Front 2

Respiratory changes in aging:

Back 2

-Respiratory muscle strength decreases
-AP diameter of thorax increases
-Decreased mobility of ribs/chest wasll stiffer
-Lung expansion decreases
-More likely to dev. pneum. after surgery

Front 3

Cardiovascular changes in aging:

Back 3

-Decreased contractile strenght of myocardium = decreased cardiac output
-Takes longer for heart rate to return to normal after exercise
-Systolic and/or diastolic hypertension
-Peripheral pulses weaker (extremities may cool quickly)
-Heart beat less efficiently, drugs are absorbed and distributed slowly

Front 4

Nutrition changes in aging:

Back 4

-Decreased activity levels means requires fewer calories
-Those who are very active or recovering may need additional calories
-Loss of calcium may result in bone loss, supplementation may be needed

Front 5

Elimation changes in aging:

Back 5

Hypertrophy of prostate(men)
Stress Incontinence (women)

Front 6

Genito-urinary changes:

Back 6

-Reduced renal filtration rate
-Slow restoration of acid-base balance
-Possiblity of urgency, frequency, and incontinence

Front 7

Gastrointestinal System changes:

Back 7

-Slowing of peristalsis
-Alteration in secretions
-Delayed gastric emptying
-Constipation
-Flatulence
-Diarrhea
-REDUCED GASTRIC MOTILITY

Front 8

Altered liver function will affect ? of a drug.

Back 8

metabolism

Front 9

Altered kidney function will affect ? of a drug.

Back 9

excretion

Front 10

Activity and Rest changes in aging:

Back 10

-Total sleep time decreases until age 80, then increases slightly
-Time in bed increases after age 65
-Onset of sleep is lengthened (>30min)
-Naps are more common
-Sleep is subjectively and objectively lighter
-Frequency of abnormal breathing events is increased-
-Frequency of leg mvmts during sleep during sleep is increased

Front 11

Process whereby the person's skin, hair, nails, and immune system function in such a manner as to help ensure body integrity and wholeness.

Back 11

Protection

Front 12

Protection changes in aging:

Back 12

-Decreased protein/albumin levels may increase incidence of skin breakdown
-Falls-30% will fall at least once a year, 5% will obtain a fracture, 1% will be hip fractures. Of that 1%, 10% of all older people who obtain a hip fracture will die within one
-Sensory impairments contribute to protection

Front 13

Senses changes in aging:

Back 13

-Decreased visual accommadation, macular degeneration
-Decreased hearing ability
-Decreased taste
-Diminished smell
-Decreased pain perception

Front 14

Fluid and Electrolyte changes in aging:

Back 14

-Reduced # of functioning nephrons
-Decreased glomerular filtration rate
-Reduced blood flow
-Reduced renal clearance starts at age 30
-Due to delayed excretion, the elderly client is more likely to develop toxicity/accumulation

Front 15

Neurological changes in aging:

Back 15

- # of neurons begins to decrease after age of 25
-Older adults may experience decreased sense of balance or uncoordinated motor responses
-Sleep cycles are affected

Front 16

Endocrine changes in aging:

Back 16

-Narrower temperature ranges
-Deterioration in temperature control mechanisms-poor vasomotor control and reduced metabolism
-Basal Metabolic Rate may decrease as thyroid becomes less effective

Front 17

A communication technique used to make the older adult more aware of time, place, and person

Back 17

Reality Orientation

Front 18

What are the main purposes for reality orientation?

Back 18

-Restoring a sense of reality
-Improving level of awareness
-Promoting socialization
-Elevating independent functioning
-Minimizing confusion, disorietation, and physical regression

Front 19

What may be the only symptom of a systemic infection in the elderly?

Back 19

Changes in cognitive function

Front 20

What are the 3 most common conditions affectin cognition in older adults:

Back 20

1.Delirium
2.Dementia
3.Depression

Front 21

Acute state, potentially reversible

Back 21

Delirium

Front 22

Gradual, progressive, and irreversible

Back 22

Dementia

Front 23

Experienced by >20% of older adults, potentially reversible

Back 23

Depression

Front 24

Process whereby a disabled person is helped to obtain optimal function.

Back 24

Rehabilitation

Front 25

What is the primary goal of rehabilitation?

Back 25

To minimize the deficit from the condition and maximize the abilites that are intact

Front 26

Symptoms during 3 Stages Alzheimer's Disease:

Back 26

1.Early stage-memory loss
2.Mid stage-Confusion, loss of ability to recognize objects(agnosia)
3.End stage-Inability to think and communicate effectively, loss of ability to perform familiar tasks (apraxia), and loss of language skills (aphasia)

Front 27

What are the 5 rights of delegation?

Back 27

1.Right Task
2.Right Circumstances
3.Right Person
4.Right Direction/Communication
5.Right Supervision/Evaluation