Final Exam Study Guide Test 1-6

Front 1

Science is a body of knowledge based on ______.

a) dogma b) faith c)facts d) executive decrees

Back 1

facts

Hint 1

Test 1

Front 2

What is not true of an hypothesis ? ___________

a) tentative b) testable c) opinion d) falsifiable

Back 2

opinion

Hint 2

Test 1

Front 3

A theory must have all of the following except ______________

a) allow for latitude in interpretation

b) explain all the evidence

c) have parameters that can be tested by others d) have no evidence that contradicts it

Back 3

allow for latitude in interpretation

Hint 3

Test 1

Front 4

Which of the following is not common to all life forms ?___________

a) DNA b) use of oxygen c) ATP d) glycolysis

Back 4

use of oxygen

Hint 4

Test 1

Front 5

The smallest division of matter that still retains characteristics of that matter is a_______________ a) cell b) electron c) neutron d) atom

Back 5

atom

Hint 5

Test 1

Front 6

The nucleus of an atom is composed of____________ and ____________

a) neutrons b) electrons c) isotopes

d) protons e) ions

Back 6

neutrons

protons

Hint 6

Test 1

Front 7

Two nuclei of carbon that have different numbers of neutrons are called__________

a) ions b) isotopes c) isomers d) hydrocarbons

Back 7

isotopes

Hint 7

Test 1

Front 8

An atom that has gained or lost an electron is called______________

a) organic atom b) ion

c) molecule d) electronegative

Back 8

ion

Hint 8

Test 1

Front 9

The fundamental force that causes unlike charges to attract each other is called the_________________

a) gravitational force b) nuclear force

c) electromagnetic forced

d)thermodynamic force

Back 9

electromagnetic force

Hint 9

Test 1

Front 10

The thing that holds ionic bonds together is__________________

a) electromagnetic force b) sharing of electrons c) sharing of nuclear particles

d) interaction of protons of the two atoms

Back 10

electromagnetic force

Hint 10

Test 1

Front 11

Covalent bonds are formed by_______________

a) attraction between hydrogen atoms

b) sharing of a pair of electrons

c) electrostatic force

d) sharing of a single electron

Back 11

sharing of a pair of electrons

Hint 11

Test 1

Front 12

A molecule is said to be polar if it has _______________

a) ability to survive in very cold temperatures

b) one or more double bonds

c) anionic bond with a shared electron

d) an uneven distribution of its shared electrons

Back 12

an uneven distribution of its shared electrons

Hint 12

Test 1

Front 13

Hydrogen bonds are_______________

a) bonds between hydrogen atoms

b) electromagnetic attractions between two polar molecules

c) a type of covalent and requiring carbon

d) an atom bonded with hydrogen that dissociates in water

Back 13

electromagnetic attractions between two polar molecules

Hint 13

Test 1

Front 14

Matching: ( Each answer can be used more than once)

a) ionic bonding b) molecular symmetry c) hydrogen bonding

d) quantum effects e) polar molecule

____Water is a good heat buffer because of

____Water is a good insulator because of

____Water is a good solvent because of

____Solid water is lighter than liquid water because of

____Can supply trees in defiance of gravity because of

Back 14

hydrogen bonding

hydrogen bonding

polar molecule

hydrogen bonding

hydrogen bonding

Hint 14

Test 1

Front 15

A molecule is an acid if, in solution, it gives up a_____________

a) electron b) hydrogen ion c) water molecule

d) energy

Back 15

hydrogen ion

Hint 15

Test 1

Front 16

Deviations above or below an organism’s normal pH range are corrected by_______________ a) electron carriers b) buffering systems

c) free radical scavengers d) osmosis

Back 16

buffering systems

Hint 16

Test 1

Front 17

A chemical reaction that requires energy is an_____________ reaction.

a) endergonic b) catabolic c) exergonic

d) reduction

Back 17

endergonic

Hint 17

Test 1

Front 18

Breaking bonds in a reaction usually______________

a) adds phosphate groups b) requires energy

c) requires amino groups d) releases energy

Back 18

releases energy

Hint 18

Test 1

Front 19

A series of reactions in which the products of one reaction become the substrates of the next reaction is called a________________

a) metabolic pathway b) chain reaction

c) transport chain d) redox reaction

Back 19

metabolic pathway

Hint 19

Test 1

Front 20

The smallest form of independent life is the____________

a) DNA b) neutron c) cell d) fetus

Back 20

cell

Hint 20

Test 1

Front 21

Match organic macro-molecules to their building blocks.

a) monosaccharides b) fatty acids c) nucleotides d) amino acids

____proteins

____carbohydrates

____lipids

____nucleic acids

Back 21

amino acids

monosaccharides

fatty acids

nucleotides

Hint 21

Test 1

Front 22

One kind of structural carbohydrate is___________

a) glycogen b) cellulose c) cholesterol d) starch

Back 22

cellulose

Hint 22

Test 1

Front 23

The two types of food storage carbohydrates are__________and_________

a) glycogen b) ATP c) cellulose d) cholesterol

e) starch

Back 23

glycogen

starch

Hint 23

Test 1

Front 24

The covalent bond that links amino acids together to form proteins is called_____________

a) glycosidic b) peptide c) hydrogen d) disulfide

Back 24

peptide

Hint 24

Test 1

Front 25

A triglyceride is a sugar, glycerol, bonded to ______________

a) three cholesterols

b) two fatty acids and one cholesterol

c) three fatty acids

d) two fatty acids and a phosphate

Back 25

three fatty acids

Hint 25

Test 1

Front 26

Why do fats have more calories than carbohydrates ? ___________

a) higher oxygen content

b) more likely to undergo an exergonic reaction c) more C-H bonds

d) fats have less calories than carbohydrates

Back 26

more C-H bonds

Hint 26

Test 1

Front 27

An unsaturated fat has______________

a) two hydrogens on every carbon

b) does not contain all the water molecules that it could hold

c) a double bond between two of its carbons

d) has a hydrophobic bond

Back 27

a double bond between two of its carbons

Hint 27

Test 1

Front 28

Phospholipids arrange themselves so that their phosphates face toward water and their lipids face away from water. This arrangement causes them to have a middle layer that is_____________ a) ionic b) hydrophilic c) polar @) hydrophobic

Back 28

hydrophobic

Hint 28

Test 1

Front 29

T or F : Characteristics of enzymes are :

____release energy

____do not change in the reaction

____components of nucleotides

____lower the energy of activation

____are very specific

____work by increasing temperature

Back 29

T

T

F

T

T

F

Hint 29

Test 1

Front 30

Genetic information is stored on ________

a) nucleic acids b) glycoproteins

c) computer chips d) centrosomes

Back 30

nucleic acids

Hint 30

Test 1

Front 31

Genetic information is passed from one generation to the next in a process called________

a) osmosis b) diffusion c) heredity d) mitosis

Back 31

heredity

Hint 31

Test 1

Front 32

Compare RNA and DNA:

____single strand

____uses the base uracil

____comes in three types

____ made in the nucleolus

____contains genes

Back 32

RNA

RNA

RNA

RNA

DNA

Hint 32

Test 1

Front 33

Which are differences between prokaryotes and eukaryotes ?

____contain a nucleus

____contain DNA

____contain organelles

____divide by binary fission

____contain ribosomes

____possess flagella

Back 33

eukaryotes

both

eukaryotes

prokaryotes

both

both

Hint 33

Test 1

Front 34

A network of membrane-enclosed spaces In which newly made proteins are further processed is the________________

a) nucleolus b) mitochondria c) vacuole

d) endoplasmic reticulum

Back 34

endoplasmic reticulum

Hint 34

Test 1

Front 35

The rough endoplasmic reticulum Is rough because ____________

a) genetic variation b) microscopic artifact

c) attachment of ribosomes d) aging

Back 35

attachment of ribosomes

Hint 35

Test 1

Front 36

Final packaging and routing of proteins is done In the______________

a) endoplasmic reticulum b) nucleus

c) Golgi complex d) ribosome

Back 36

Golgi complex

Hint 36

Test 1

Front 37

.

Back 37

.

Hint 37

Test 1

Front 38

.

Back 38

.

Hint 38

Test 1

Front 39

.

Back 39

.

Hint 39

Test 1

Front 40

.

Back 40

.

Hint 40

Test 1

Front 41

.

Back 41

.

Hint 41

Test 1

Front 42

.

Back 42

.

Hint 42

Test 1

Front 43

.

Back 43

.

Hint 43

Test 1

Front 44

.

Back 44

.

Hint 44

Test 1

Front 45

.

Back 45

.

Hint 45

Test 1

Front 46

.

Back 46

.

Hint 46

Test 1

Front 47

.

Back 47

.

Hint 47

Test 1

Front 48

The primary energy source for the Earth is__________.

a) positron emission b) the molten core

c) radioactivity d) the Sun

Back 48

the Sun

Hint 48

Test 2

Front 49

Energy in use is__________

a) work b) potential c) cyclic d) kinetic

Back 49

kinetic

Hint 49

Test 2

Front 50

Energy waiting to be used is______________

a) work b) potential c) cyclic d) kinetic

Back 50

potential

Hint 50

Test 2

Front 51

Energy can neither be created nor destroyed” is______________

a) First Law of the Cosmos b) Second Law of Gravity c) First Law of Thermodynamics d) Mendel’s Second Law

Back 51

First Law of Thermodynamics

Hint 51

Test 2

Front 52

Every process in the universe increases disorder is the_____________________

a) First Law of Thermodynamics b) Second Law of Thermodynamics c) Third Law of Thermodynamics d) Fourth Law of Energetics

Back 52

Second Law of Thermodynamics

Hint 52

Test 2

Front 53

Increasing disorder is also known as_______________

a) dissociation b) normal teenage behavior

c) entropy d) chemotaxis

Back 53

entropy

Hint 53

Test 2

Front 54

An exergonic reaction______________energy.

a) increases b) releases c) requires d) reflects

Back 54

releases

Hint 54

Test 2

Front 55

A reaction in which the products have more energy than the substrates is__________________

a) atomic b) exergonic c) entropic d) endergonic

Back 55

endergonic

Hint 55

Test 2

Front 56

Energy can be transferred from one reaction to another by___________or____________

a) neutrons b) ATP c) electron carriers

d) DNA e) enzymes

Back 56

ATP

electron carriers

Hint 56

Test 2

Front 57

A non-protein molecule that an enzyme requires in order to function is_______________

a) ion b) carbohydrate c) co-enzyme d) lipid

Back 57

co-enzyme

Hint 57

Test 2

Front 58

The feed-back mechanism that changes the rate at which an enzyme works is called_____________

a) hypotonic b) allegoric c) allosteric

d) endergonic

Back 58

allosteric

Hint 58

Test 2

Front 59

To say that an organism requires energy is the same as saying it requires ___________

a) DNA b) ATP c) RNA d) cyclic AMP

Back 59

ATP

Hint 59

Test 2

Front 60

In glycolysis, glucose is changed to pyruvate. Four ATPs are made and two electrons are captured by NAD+. This means that pyruvate has ________energy than glucose.

a) more b) less c) the same

Back 60

less

Hint 60

Test 2

Front 61

If a molecule loses electrons in a reaction, it has been _______ a) oxidized b) reduced

It has also____________energy.

a) lost b) gained

Back 61

lost

Hint 61

Test 2

Front 62

If a molecule gains electrons in a reaction, it has also gained __________

a) voltage b) power c) energy d) covalence

Back 62

energy

Hint 62

Test 2