Final Exam Review Sociology

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Sociology

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is the study of society.[1] It is a social science—a term with which it is sometimes synonymous—which uses various methods of empirical investigation[2] and critical analysis[3] to develop and refine a body of knowledge about human social activity, often with the goal of applying such knowledge to the pursuit of social welfare. Subject matter ranges from the micro level of agency and interaction to the macro level of systems and social structures.[4]

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Auguste Comte

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was a French philosopher, a founder of the discipline of sociology and of the doctrine of positivism. He may be regarded as the first philosopher of science in the modern sense of the term

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Sociological imagination

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is the ability to recognize the relationship between large-scale social forces and the actions of individuals.[1] It includes both the capacity to see relationships between individual biographies and historical change, and the capacity to see how social causation operates in societies.

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Conflict perspective

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are perspectives in social science which emphasize the social, political or material inequality of a social group, which critique the broad socio-political system, or which otherwise detract from structural functionalism and ideological conservativism.

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Functionalism-

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is a broad perspective in sociology and anthropology which sets out to interpret society as a structure with interrelated parts. Functionalism addresses society as a whole in terms of the function of its constituent elements; namely norms, customs, traditions and institutions.

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Symbolic interactionism-

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is a major sociological perspective that places emphasis on micro-scale social interaction, which is particularly important in subfields such as urban sociology and social psychology. Symbolic interactionism is derived from American pragmatism, especially the work of George Herbert Mead and Charles Cooley.

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Agents of socialization-

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social groups, institutions, and individuals (especially the fammily, schools, peers, and mass media) that provide structured situations in which socialization takes place.

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Culture-

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entire way of life of a group of people

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Subculture-

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group within society that is differentiated by its distinctive values, norms, and lifestyle.

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Counter culture

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group within society that openly rejects and or actively opposes societys values and norms.