Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
87 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
What is a physical change? Give one example.
|
a change in shape
|
|
|
What is a chemical change? Give one example.
|
a change that produces new substances EX: burning a twig
|
|
|
What is a physical property? Give one example.
|
can be observed with out changing what the object is made of EX: texture
|
|
|
What is a chemical property? Give one example.
|
can only be observed by causing a reaction/changing what the substance is made of EX: flammability
|
|
|
Which state of matter has a definite volume and definite shape?
|
solid
|
|
|
What is the process of changing a liquid to a solid?
|
freezing
|
|
|
Describe what happens to the molecules in water when it changes from a liquid to a gas.
|
molecules move faster and farther apart because energy (heat) was added to the liquid water
|
|
|
Describe what happens to the molecules in water when it changes from a liquid to a solid.
|
molecules move slower and closer together because energy (heat) was taken away
|
|
|
Define matter.
|
anything that has mass and takes up space
|
|
|
Define energy.
|
the ability to do work or cause change
|
|
|
Define energy conversion.
|
a change from one form of energy to another
|
|
|
State the Law of Conservation of Energy.
|
Energy cannot be created or destroyed; it can only change forms. The total amount of energy never changes
|
|
|
Describe the energy conversion that happens when you digest your food to regulate your body temperature.
|
Chemical energy in food is converted to thermal energy as heat.
|
|
|
Define kinetic energy.
|
the energy of motion
|
|
|
Whenever an energy conversion takes place some energy is always lost to __________ energy.
|
thermal (due to friction)
|
|
|
What type of energy is stored in a stretched rubber band?
|
elastic potential energy
|
|
|
Give 3 examples of fossil fuels.
|
coal ; oil ; natural gas
|
|
|
What are 2 energy conversions that take place in a battery-powered flashlight?
|
chemical energy (battery) to electrical energy; electrical energy to electromagnetic energy (light)
|
|
|
Are fossil fuels renewable or nonrenewable? Why?
|
nonrenewable – they take hundreds of millions of years to form
|
|
|
Give three examples of renewable resources.
|
solar ; hydroelectric (water) ; wind ; geothermal ; biomass
|
|
|
Describe the energy conversion that happens when you digest your food to regulate your body temperature.
|
Chemical energy in food is converted to thermal energy as heat.
|
|
|
Define kinetic energy.
|
the energy of motion
|
|
|
Whenever an energy conversion takes place some energy is always lost to __________ energy.
|
thermal (due to friction)
|
|
|
What type of energy is stored in a stretched rubber band?
|
elastic potential energy
|
|
|
Give 3 examples of fossil fuels.
|
coal ; oil ; natural gas
|
|
|
What are 2 energy conversions that take place in a battery-powered flashlight?
|
chemical energy (battery) to electrical energy; electrical energy to electromagnetic energy (light)
|
|
|
Are fossil fuels renewable or nonrenewable? Why?
|
nonrenewable – they take hundreds of millions of years to form
|
|
|
Give three examples of renewable resources.
|
solar ; hydroelectric (water) ; wind ; geothermal ; biomass
|
|
|
What is nuclear fusion?
|
two smaller nuclei are joined together to form one larger nucleus
|
|
|
What is nuclear fission?
|
the splitting of an atom’s nucleus into 2 smaller nuclei
|
|
|
What is one advantage of using solar energy?
|
solar energy will not run out for billions of years ; use does not cause pollution
|
|
|
What energy conversions take place in a hydroelectric power plant?
|
gravitational potential energy (in water behind the dam) to kinetic energy (flowing water) to electrical energy
|
|
|
What energy conversions take place in a wind power plant?
|
kinetic energy (moving air) to electrical energy
|
|
|
Define motion.
|
when the distance from another object is changing
|
|
|
How do you know when an object is in motion?
|
an object is in motion when its position changes compared to a reference point
|
|
|
Define reference point.
|
a place or object used for comparison to determine if an object is in motion; we assume that the reference point is standing still
|
|
|
What is the formula for speed?
|
speed = distance ÷ time
|
|
|
What is the speed of a monkey who goes 10 kilometers in 2 hours on his unicycle?
|
speed = distance ÷ time ; speed = 10 km ÷ 2 h ; speed = 5 km/h
|
|
|
When the speed of an object does not change then it is traveling at a ______________ speed.
|
constant
|
|
|
On a graph showing an object’s speed which variable would you label on the x-axis?
|
time
|
|
|
On a graph showing an object’s speed which variable would you label on the y-axis?
|
distance
|
|
|
On a motion graph (distance vs. time) what does a straight horizontal line represent?
|
object is not moving
|
|
|
On a motion graph (distance vs. time) what does a straight diagonal line represent?
|
constant speed
|
|
|
Define force.
|
a push or a pull on an object
|
|
|
What are balanced forces?
|
equal forces acting on an object that do not change its motion
|
|
|
What are unbalanced forces?
|
unequal forces that change the motion of an object
|
|
|
Define gravitational force.
|
the pull of very massive objects (Earth
|
|
|
Define friction.
|
pushes in the opposite direction of motion between 2 touching surfaces
|
|
|
Define contact force.
|
push between two objects that are touching
|
|
|
Define magnetic force.
|
a push or pull between magnetic objects
|
|
|
What are 2 characteristics of continental crust?
|
thick and less dense
|
|
|
What are 2 characteristics of oceanic crust?
|
thinner and more dense
|
|
|
What land formation will be created when two continental plates collide?
|
a mountain range
|
|
|
Define convergent boundary.
|
when 2 touching plates are moving toward each other
|
|
|
Define divergent boundary.
|
when 2 touching plates move away from each other
|
|
|
Define transform boundary.
|
when 2 touching plates slide past each other sideways
|
|
|
Define shearing and tell the type of fault it produces.
|
rocks pushed in 2 horizontal directions; strike slip faults
|
|
|
Define tension and tell the type of fault it produces.
|
rocks are pulled apart and stretched out in the middle; normal faults
|
|
|
Define compression and tell the type of fault it produces.
|
rocks are squeezed together; reverse faults
|
|
|
Describe the movement of land in a strike-slip fault.
|
hanging wall and foot wall slide horizontally past each other
|
|
|
Describe the movement of land in a normal fault.
|
hanging wall moves down so it is below the foot wall
|
|
|
Describe the movement of land in a reverse fault.
|
hanging wall moves up so it is above the foot wall
|
|
|
What is uplift?
|
the process by which parts of the crust are raised
|
|
|
Why does magma tend to flow upward through the crust?
|
magma is less dense than the surrounding crust
|
|
|
What is a batholith?
|
a large mass of rock formed when a huge body of magma cooled inside the crust
|
|
|
How are cinder cone volcanoes formed?
|
layers of ash and cinder pile up around the central vent
|
|
|
How are shield volcanoes formed?
|
thin layers of lava flow gradually
|
|
|
What is erosion?
|
the wearing away of land or soil
|
|
|
What is deposition?
|
sediment is deposited in a new location
|
|
|
Where do erosion and deposition occur along a meander in a river?
|
erosion occurs along the outside of the curve ; deposition occurs along the inside of the curve
|
|
|
List 3 characteristics of a youthful river.
|
steep slope; narrow straight channel; rapids and waterfalls
|
|
|
List 3 characteristics of a mature river.
|
slope not as steep ; fewer rapids and waterfalls ; many tributaries
|
|
|
List 3 characteristics of an old river.
|
low slope ; valleys ; flood plains ; many meanders
|
|
|
List 2 characteristics of a rejuvenated river.
|
steeper slope ; terraces
|
|
|
What is a delta?
|
a triangle-shaped landform created where a river empties into a larger body of water and deposits its sediment
|
|
|
What is a meander?
|
a looping curve in a river
|
|
|
Define streak.
|
color of the powdered mark a mineral makes
|
|
|
Define luster.
|
the way the mineral reflects light
|
|
|
Define cleavage.
|
mineral breaks along smooth even lines
|
|
|
Define fracture.
|
mineral breaks along rough jagged uneven lines
|
|
|
What are the 5 characteristics that all minerals share?
|
inorganic ; naturally occurring ; always a solid ; have a definite chemical composition ; the atoms must form a crystal pattern.
|
|
|
Define rock cycle.
|
the continual process where new rock forms from old rock material
|
|
|
Describe the processes a metamorphic rock must go through to become an igneous rock.
|
the metamorphic rock must be melted into magma ; then the magma must cool and harden into igneous rock
|
|
|
Describe the processes sediments must go through to become sedimentary rock.
|
the sediments must be compacted (squeezed) and cemented (glued) together to form sedimentary rock
|
|
|
Describe the processes an igneous rock must go through to become a metamorphic rock.
|
the igneous rock must experience extreme heat and pressure deep inside the crust to become a metamorphic rock
|
|
|
Define atmosphere.
|
layer of gases that surrounds Earth
|
|
|
List three ways that Earth’s atmosphere is important to living things.
|
atmosphere provides oxygen needed for animals to breathe ; traps heat from the sun to maintain a comfortable temperature ; protects earth from the sun’s radiation and meteoroids
|
