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141 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Do notes have to be cosigned in IN?
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Yes
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Direct Acess?
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no referral necessary
48 states, Not in IN. |
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Physician Referral?
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Physician refers to physical therapy. says evaluate and treat.
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Informed Consent?
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It is a process of communication between a patient and physician that results in the patient's authorization or agreement to undergo a specific medical intervention.
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APTA Organizational Structure?
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1.Primary Members-PTs and PTAs
2. Districts- most local organizations 3. Chapters- 52 chapters 4. Sections- National leve 18 different 5. Assemblies- common interests 6.House of Delegates- hightest policyingmaking body 7. Board of Directors- carry out mandates 8. PTA Caucus- mechanism for representation 9. APTA Staff- serve organization at all levels |
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Standard 1
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A physical therapist assistant shall respect the rights and dignity of all individulas and shall provide compassionate care
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Standard 2
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A physical therapist assistant shall act in a trustworthy manner towards patients/clients
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Standard 3
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A physical therapist assistant shall provide selected physical therapy interventions only under the supervision and direction of a physical therapist
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Standard 4
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a physical therapist assistant shall comply with laws and regulations governing physical therapy
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Standard 5
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a physical therapist assistant shall achieve and maintain competence in the provision of selected physical therapy interventions
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Standard 6
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A physical therapist assistant shall make judgements that are commensurate with their educational and legal qualifications as a physical thearpist assistant
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Standard 7
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a physical therapist assistant shall protect the public and the profession from unethical, incompetent, and illegal acts.
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Normal Rectal Temp
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97.8 to 100.3 F (36.6 to 38.1 C)
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Normal Oral Temp
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96.8 to 99.3 F (36 to 37.3 C)
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Adult Pulse
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60 to 100
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Newborn Pulse
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100 to 130
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Child Pulse
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80 to 120
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Tachycardia
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rapid HR greater than 100 beats/min
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Bradycardia
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indicates slow HR less than 60 beats/min
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Infant Blood pressure
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Birth to 3 mon- 85 to 90/ 35 to 65
3 months to 1 year- 90 to 100/ 60 to 67 |
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Children Blood pressure
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1 to 4 yrs- 100 to 108/ 60
4-12- Add 2 mm Hg per year to 100/ 60 to 70 |
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Adolescents Blood Pressure
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100 to 120/ 65 to 75
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Adult Blood Pressure
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below 120/80
high normal 130 to 139/ 85 to 89 |
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Elderly Blood Pressure
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120 to 140/ 80 to 90
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Respiration Adult
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12 to 18
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Respiration Infant
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30 to 50
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pathology
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disruption of normal processes at cellular level
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Impairment
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abnormailty of body function at tissue, organ, or system level
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Functional Limitation
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decreased functional ability
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Disabilty
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restricts activity in particular context or enviroment
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patient
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someone who needs physical care because of a disability
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client
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help prevent injury or loss of function - seek advice
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CAPTE
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Commission on Accrediation in Physical Therapy Education
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FSBPT
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Federation of State Boards of Physical Therapy -administers state boards
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POPTS
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Physician Owned Physical Therapy Service
physician primary coordinator of health care services |
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EBP
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evidence based practice-
establishment and utilitation of measurement tools that are valid and reliable and measure patient outcomes |
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MCO
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managed care orginization-
limit control care |
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DPT
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Doctor of Physical Therapy-
Almost 100% |
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PPS
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prospective payment system-
set amount high quality care |
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DRGs
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Diagnosis Related Groups-
in patient, hospital, patient diagnosis makes reimbursement amount |
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HMO
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Health maintenance Organization-
only can see one doctor |
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Korotkoff 1
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first faint clear tapping- intial indiction of systolic
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Korotkoff 2
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sounds heard have a murmur or swishing quality
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Korotkoff 3
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sounds become crisp and louder than those previous
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Korotkoff 4
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distinct and abrupt muffling of sound soft, blowing quality
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Korotkoff 5
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sound disappears totally
"second diastolic pressure" |
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plane for Flexion/Extension
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Saggital Plane
Medial-Lateral Axis |
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Plane Abduction/Adduction
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Frontal Plane
Anterior-Posterior Axis |
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Plane Elevation/Depression
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Frontal Plane
Anterior-Posterior Axis |
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Plane Protraction/Retraction
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Horizontal Plane
Vertical Axis |
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Horizontal Abduction/Adduction
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Horizontal Plane
Vertical Axis |
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Documentation?
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the assembling of documents, the using of documents for evidence to support original work
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Importance of Documentation
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if you did not document it, it did not happen/ it was not done
accountanility for patient care for all health disciplines. Proof for reimbursement |
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S
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Subjective data,
patient or family member statements |
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O
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Objecticve data
observations, test, measurements |
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A
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taken from S & O. writer's impression or opinion about pt . STG( short term) and LTG (Long term) and time frame
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P
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Plan-
is treatment that is to be done, equipment that needs to be ordered |
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Massage Indications
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Pain
Trigger points/Muscle spasm Decreased ROM Edema Adhesions/Scar Tissue Lactic Acid Accumulation Tendonitis/Bursitis Headaches |
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Massage Contraindications
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infection
cellulitis/inflammed joints acute injury embolus cancer/malignant tumors early bruising unhealed scars or open wounds adjacent recent fractures varicose veins |
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Effleurage
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gliding strokes
initial stroke |
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Petrissage
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kneading
lifiting rolling |
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Tapotement/Percussion
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brisk blows
hacking slapping cupping beating and pounding |
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Vibration
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rhythemical trembling
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Compression
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non-gliding broad contact stroke
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Shaking
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soft tissue/muscle moved back and forth over the underlying bone
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Rocking
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gentle repetitive oscillation of the trunk or limb
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Friction
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transverse friction
cross friction deep friction non-gliding technique |
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Myofascial Release
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a gentle technique not unlike stretching
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Myofascial Release Indications
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most sub-acute-chronic musculo-skeletal problems
other conditions where pain and postural abnormalities exist selectively used in neruology and pediatric cases |
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myofascial Release Contraindication
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Cellulitis
fever cancer osteomyelitis aneurysm open wounds acute hematomas healing fractures osteoporosis skin hypersensitivity anti-coagulant therapy |
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Myofascial Release
Treatment |
low lighting, relaxation,
stretch along direction of muscles no oil when meeting resistance barrier hold to you feel a release continue until nor further stretching occurs usually 10-15 minutes |
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Passive Range of Motion
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little to no voluntary muscle contraction per the patient
EXTERNAL FORCE |
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Active Range of Motion
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actively performed by patient
aerobic conditioning |
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Active-Assisted Range of Motion
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part done by therapist, part done by patient
assistance provided manually or mechanically |
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Application of Techniques for Ther Ex
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grasp exteremity around joint
move segment through its complete pain-free range to point of tissue resistance do not force motion 5-10 reps |
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Resistive Exercise
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active exercise in which resistance from an outside force is applied
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Power
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related to strength and speed of movement
aerobic- long period time anaerobic- short burst |
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Endurance
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ability to perform low-intensity, repetitive exercise over prolonged period of time
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Overload Principle
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a load that exceeds metabolic capacity must be applied
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Said Principle
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states the body or muscle will adapt over time to specific demands placed on the muscle
Helps determine which exercise to incorporate |
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Reversibility Principle
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adaptations are transient unless regularly for functional activities
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Submaximal loading
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moderate to low intensity
early in rehab older and young population |
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Maximal Loading
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high intensity exercise
last phase of rehab |
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Isometric
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static
contraction of muscle belly no joint movement |
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Isotonic
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dynamic
load/resistance stays constant through rom |
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Concentric
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shortening
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Eccentric
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lengthing
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Isokinetic
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requires machine
speed of exercise is constant resistance varies |
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Open Chain Exercise
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distal segment is free to move
NWB resistance may be applied |
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Closed Chain Exercise
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Distal segment is stationary
WB more functional Increases joint compression coordination |
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Precautions during resistance training
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no pain
minimize delayed onset muscle soreness no valsalva- grunting no use of heavy resistance |
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Scheuermann Disease
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adolescent kyphosis
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Ligamentous Sprain
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ankle ligaments are most frequently injured
graded I-III III being most severe |
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Musculotendinous Strain
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occurs at tendinous junction
poor healing secondary to blood supply Graded I-III |
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Rheumatoid Arthritis
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systemic disease process
multiple joint sites progressive deformitites of joints>disability periods of remission/exacerbation |
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Ankylosing Spondylitis
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more in males than females
fusion of the spine bamboo spine radiograph Extension exercises |
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Osteoarthritis
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localized inflammation about a joint
narrowing of joint space "wear and tear" candidate for TKR |
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Degenerative Joint Disease
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"Wear and Tear"
any joint in body pains at that joint |
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Spinal Stenosis
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narrowing of spinal canal
age, osteophytes, congenital Flexion exercises |
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Spondylolithesis
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forward slippage of a superior vertebra over an inferior vertebra
young athlete who uses extension postures Flexion Exercises |
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Cerebrovascular Accident
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disabling neurologic condition in adult life related to vascularity to brain
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Risk Factors for CVA
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hypertension
cigarette smoking gender(male higher) race (african american) family hx obesity age |
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Traumatic Brain Injury
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related to trauma
external physical force physical, behavioral, cognitive impairments Ranch Los Amigos scale to determine severity |
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Multiple Sclerosis
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sclerotic plaques from demylinization of CNS neurons
40-60 females more than males exacerbation/remission progressive marked fatigue |
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Parkinson Disease
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loss of dopamine
lack of movement inititation chronic progressive disorder |
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Symptoms for Parkinson Disease
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festinating gait
drooling "Freezing" loss of reciprical movements loss of trunk rotation |
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Peripheral Nerve Injury
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carpal tunnel
median nerve intrapment motor and sensory sx may be related to wrist position |
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Spinal Cord Injury
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complete or incomplete
level of injury determines level of severity |
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Tetraplegia
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all extremities and trunk involved
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Paraplegia
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trunk and LE's involved
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Cerebral Palsey
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acquired at birth
abnormal muscle tone delayed motor control/developmental activity abnormal pattern of movement |
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Down Syndrome
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3 copies of chromosome 21
low tone joint laxity facial profile delayed motor development |
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Spina Bifida
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congenial anomaly
SCI at birth motor paralysis sensory loss below level most common lumbar level |
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General Transfer Principle
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predetermine the patient's mental and physical capabiities
suitable footwear and clothing preplan activities SAFETY BELT simple direct terms |
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Types of Transfers
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Independent/ Standing
Dependent Denpendent LIFT |
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Indication for Tilt Table
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NWB
prolonged recumbence disturbance in balance decreased proprioception kinesthesia generalized cieculation |
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Interolerance for Tilt Table
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changes in consciousness
excessive perspiration edema formation in lower legs decrease in or loss of pdeal pulses complaints of nasuea or numbness change in facial or limb color tingling in lower extremity vertigo |
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Confirmation of Axillary Crutches
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tips ~ 2 inches lateral and 4 to 6 inches to toe of shoes
grasp handpieces with wrists straight ~2 inches axilla ~20 to 25 degress elbow flexion |
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Confirmation of Forearm Crutches
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position crutch tips approximately 2 inches later and 4 to 6 inches anterior to toe of shoes
~20 to 25 degrees elbow flexion upper edge of the cuff should be ~1 to 1.5 inches below olecranon process |
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Confirmation of Walker
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position walker in front of the patient so rear feet are ~ opposite to midportion of the shoes
patient grasps handpieces ~20 to 25 degrees of elbow flexion |
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Confirmation of Cane
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position tip ~2 inches lateral and 4 to 6 inches anterior to toe of shoe
~20 to 25 degrees elbow flexion |
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Parallel Bars
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position patient standing erect between bars
adjust height of bar level with greater trochanter or even with the wrist crease with arm at side ~20 to 25 degrees of elbow flexion width of bars ~2 to 4 inches of space between each of patien'ts hips and the bar |
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.Seat Height
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user's heel to popliteal fold
+ 2 inces Average 19.5-20.5 inches |
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Seat Depth
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user's posterior buttock along lateral thigh to popliteal fold
- 2 inches Average 16 inches |
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Seat Width
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user's widest aspect of the user's buttock, hips, or thighs
+ 2 inches Average 18 inches |
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Back Height
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seat of the chair to the floor of the axilla with user's shoulder flexed to 90 deg.
- 4 inches Average 16-16.5 inches |
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Armrest Height
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seat of chair to olecranon process with user's elbow flexed to 90 degrees
+ 1 inch Average 9 inches above the chair seat |
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Supine
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pillow under head, knee, and ankle
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Prone
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small pillow, towel roll or head posititoned left or right
or special facial cut out if desired a pillow may be placed under upper or middle chest lengthwise towel roll under ankles |
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Side-Lying
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uppermost lower extremity should be supported on one or two pilloes positioned slightly forward
one or two pillows for head a folded pillow should be placed at patient's chest |
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Sitting- massage
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chair adequate support
lower extremity show be supported with footstool trunk leaning forward against treatment table upper extremity supported on pillows |
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Precautions for Patient Positioning
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avoid clothing or linen folding
observe skin color avoid placement beyond support surface avoid excessive prolonged pressure caution with patients who are mentally incompetent or confused |
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Medicare part A
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hospital insurance
home health hospice skilled nursing |
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Medicare Part B
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supplementary
voluntary physician outpatient |
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Medicare Advantage (C)
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replace part A
urban areas |
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Medicare Part D
or Prescription Plan |
pharmasuticals
want to get early or cost begins to rise |
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Medicaid
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regulated through the state
IN-manage care some have both Medicare and Medicaid |
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Supervision
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Aide has to have direct
PTA-interactive communication with PT via telephone or in person |
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Inpatient/Comprehensive Rehabilitation Facility Reassessment
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every 14 days
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mentally retarded and
developmentally disabled and school system patients |
every 90 days
6 physical therapy visits |
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all other patients
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every 30 days
15 visits |
