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63 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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How many servings do men and women need for Vegetables and Fruits?
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Females: 7-8
Men: 8-10 |
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How many servings do men and women need for Grain Products?
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Females: 6-7
Males: 8 |
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How many servings do men and women need for Milk and Alternatives?
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Females: 2
Males: 2 |
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How many servings do men and women need for Meat and Alternatives?
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Females: 2
Males: 3 |
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What does EAR stand for?
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Estimated Average Requirements
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What does RDA stand for?
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Recommended Daily Allowances
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What does AI stand for?
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Adequate Intake
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What does UL stand for?
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Tolerable Upper Intake Level
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What is 18:2n-6?
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Omega-6
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What is 18:3n-3?
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Omega-3
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What is 20:5n-3?
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Eicosapentoaenoic Acid (EPA)
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What is 22:6n-3
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Docosahexaenoic Acid (DHA)
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What is Fatty Acid Deficiency Symptoms?
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Scaly Dermatitis, Impaired Growth, Excess loss of water through skin
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What is Hydrogenation?
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Manufacturing or food processing practice
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What is Bile Acid made from?
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Cholesterol
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What is Bile Acid required for? (2)
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1. Emulsification of fat
2. Formation of Micelles |
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What does VLDL do?
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- Made in liver to carrie TG formed in liver out of fat stores, becomes LDL, as it drops off TG in Adipose Tissue.
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What does LDL do, and what is the name thats given to LDL?
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" Bad Cholesterol"
- Circulates in the blood, and it should return to the liver for disposal, however LDL is not taken up by the liver if the liver is already well supplied with cholesterol. |
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What does HDL do, and what is the name thats given to HDL?
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" Good Cholesterol"
- Made in liver to collect extra/unneeded cholesterol from tissues and return it to the liver for disposal. |
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Describe the 1st stage, Atherosclerosis, in CHD.
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- Very slow process, gradual accumulation of cholesterol-rich plaque in arteries
- Decreased blood flow - "Hardening of arteries" |
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Describe the 2nd stage, Thrombosis, of CHD?
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- Decisive event where by damage to advanced arterial plaque causes a clot formation. --> Heart attack
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What are the 3 stages of cancer? (3)
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1) Initiation
2) Promotion 3) Progression |
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What are simple sugars?
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Mono & Di - saccharides
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What are Oligosaccharides? (prebiotics)
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3-10 monosaccharides linked
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What are Polysaccharides?
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Many Monosaccharides linked
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What are Complex CHO?
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Starch --> Giant Polysaccharides unit
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What is Type 1 Diabetes Mellitis?
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( Minority)
- Pancreas fails to produce active insulin |
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What is Type 2 Diabetes Mellitis?
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(Majority)
- Body cells become insulin resistant |
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What is Glucose Tolerance?
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A measure of a persons ability to remove excess blood glucose following a meal.
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What is Thermogenesis?
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Increase in metabolic rate, that occurs in response to stimulus
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What is Lactose Intolerance?
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Inability to digest milk/ inability to hydrolyze lactose
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What is a Milk Allergy?
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Exaggerated immune response to a protein in milk.
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Which are Fat-Soluble Vitamins? (4)
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A, D, E, K
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Which are Water-Soluble Vitamins? (8)
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B1, B2, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, B6, Folate, B12, Biotine
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Which Vitamins are well stored? (2)
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A and D.
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What is the function of Thiamin (B1)?
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Required as a co-enzyme for enzymes involved in energy production
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What is the RDA for Thiamin (B1)?
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[RDA: 1.1/1.2 mg/day (women and men)]
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What is the name called for Thiamin Deficiency?
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"Beriberi" = muscle weakness, neurological changes, coordination.
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What is the Function of Riboflavin?
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Part of a 2 coenzyme: FAD, FMN
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What is the deficiency for Riboflavin?
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Cracking at corners of mouth, inflamed tongue.
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What is the RDA for Riboflavin?
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[RDA: 1.1/1.3 mg/day (women and men)]
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What is the Function of Niacin?
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Part of a 2 coenzyme: NAD + NADP
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What is the RDA for Niacin?
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[RDA: 14/16 mg/day (women and men)]
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What is the deficiency for Niacin?
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"Pellagra" = Inflammation of skin
3 D's = Dermatitis, Diarrhea, Dementia |
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What is the function of Vitamin B6? (2)
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- Coenzymes in reactions of protein
- Formation of Heme Ring |
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What is the Deficiency for B6?
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Affect Growth, Reduce Heme Ring, Skin lesions
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What is the RDA for B6?
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[RDA: 1.3 mg/day (adults 19-50)]
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What is Microcytic Hypochromic Anemia.
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red blood cells are pale
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What is the Function of Cobalamin (B12)
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A coenzyme in reactions that transfer methyl groups from 1 biomolecule to another
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What is a Vitmain B12 deficiency? (2)
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Neurological Disorders + Megaloblastic Anemia
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What is Megaloblastic Anemia for B12
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arge immature and dysfunctional red blood cells (megaloblasts) in the bone marrow.
** associated with Pernicious anemia ** |
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What is Pernicious Anemia? And what is it caused by?
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Looks Like Megaloblastic Anemia
Caused by lack of Instrinsic Factor |
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What is the RDA for Ascorbic Acid (Vitamin C)
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[RDA: 75/90 mg/day (women and men)]
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What is Ascorbic Acid (Vitamin C)'s Function?
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Reducing agent (donate electrons)
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What is Vitamin D deficiency?
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Scurvy: Effects and weakens collagen structure throughout the body
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What is Functions of Vitamin A? (4)
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1. Vision
2. Epithelial Cell Function 3. Growth 4. Reproduction |
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What is the RDA for Vitamin D?
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[RDA: 15 meg/day]
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What is the Key Role in Vitamin D
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Maintaining blood calcium concentration
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What is Vitamin D deficiency?
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Rickets --> Lack of mineralization
- bowing of legs Or Osteomalacia |
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What is the RDA for a-Tocopherol (Vitamin E)
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[RDA: 15 mg/day]
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What is the deficiency for Vitamin E
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Red blood cells break open
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What is Hemolytic Anemia?
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destruction of erythrocytes
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What are the functions of Vitamin K? (4)
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1. Blood clotting
2. Bone Metabolism 3. Kidney Functions 4. Calcium absorption from GIT |
