Final Exam Music History

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Classical style

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In music, a term that identifies much of the concert music o of the late eighteenth century; Classical composers sought to create musical tension, typically through contrasts, then to resolve the tension

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coda

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Optional section of sonata form that follows the recapitulation

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development

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Section of sonata form where material from the exposition (and occasionally new material) is developed, or manipulated through fragmentation and alteration, to project great instability

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Enlightenment

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Eighteenth-century period in Western culture when reason and the scientific method replaced heredity as the main sources of legitimacy for authority

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exposition

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Section of sonata form that serves two main purposes: to establish the basic character of the movement and to present the musical ideas that are to be worked out in the rest of the movement

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introduction

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Optional introductory section of sonata form in slow tempo; common in Classical symphonies.

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K. (Köchel)

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Abbreviation in the titles of Mozart compositions that stands for Köchel, the man who attempted to arrange all Mozart's known works in chronological order

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modulation

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Harmonic procedure that produces a smooth change from one key to another

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recapitulation

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Mostly literal restatement of sonata form's exposition, but with all the material in the contrasting key restated in the home key

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sonata form

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The most characteristic form of first movements (and occasionally other movements) in instrumental compositions of the Classical era; contains three major sections: exposition, development, and recapitulation, and sometimes and introduction and cod; an expansion of rounded binary form.

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string quartet

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Chamber ensemble consisting of two violinists, a violist, and a cellist; also , a work composed for this ensemble

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transition

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Portion of the exposition in sonata form that moves decisively to a new key and highlight the move: in the recapitulation, the transition is modified so that the second theme enters in the tonic.

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cadenza

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Virtuosic and rhapsodic improvisation of variable length that typically occurs close to the end of each outer movement of a concerto

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concerto

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In the Classical era, a work for solo instrument and orchestra in which the soloist counterbalances the greater numbers of the orchestra through virtuosity, harmonic ingenuity, and lyricism.

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minuet

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Dance in triple meter, the most popular dance of the eighteenth century among the aristocracy; often the third movement of a four-movement instrumental composition.

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rondo

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Form in which a tuneful and simple opening theme returns again and again but only after alternating with one or more contrasting themes

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scherzo

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Playful, high-spirited third movement of a four-movement instrumental composition, such as a symphony or a string quartet

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symphony

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An extended work for orchestra that typically contains four movements: a first movement in sonata form, a slow movement, a minuet or scherzo, and a finale

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ballad opera

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British stage entertainment, popular through most of the eighteenth century, that mixed spoken dialogue with popular and traditional songs

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opéra comique

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Humorous French stage entertainment that blends spoken dialogue with song

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opera buffa

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In the 1700s, Italian comic opera, often with contemporary everyday characters instead of gods and historical heroes

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Singspiel

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Literally "song/play"; lightheaded stage entertainment in German that, like opéra comique, combines spoken dialogue with song