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294 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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aden/o
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gland
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alges/o
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sensitivity to pain
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ambly/o
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dim, dull
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andr/o
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male
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aque/o
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water
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blephar/o
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eyelid
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chondr/o
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cartilage
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chrom/o
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color
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cor/o
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pupil
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cortic/o
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cortex, outer region
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cutane/o
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skin
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dacry/o
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tear
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glauc/o
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gray
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hidr/o
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sweat
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kal/i
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potassium
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kerat/o
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cornea; hard, horny tissue
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leiomy/o
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smooth (visceral) muscle
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melan/o
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black
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morph/o
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shape, form
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my/o
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muscle
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myel/o
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spinal cord; bone marrow
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ocul/o
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eye
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opthalm/o
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eye
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optic/o
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eye; vision
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orth/o
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straight
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oste/o
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bone
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ot/o
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ear
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palpebr/o
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eyelid
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pil/o
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hair
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poikil/o
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varied, irregular
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presby/o
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old age
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rhabdomy/o
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striated (skeletal) muscle
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salping/o
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fallopian tube; auditory (eustacian) tube
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scoli/o
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crooked, bent
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sider/o
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iron
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somat/o
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body
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tel/o
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complete
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thromb/o
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clot
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tox/o
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poison
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uve/o
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uvea, vascular layer of eye
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xer/o
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dry
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-blast
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embryonic; immature cells
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-cusis
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hearing
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-dynia
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pain
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-gram
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record
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-graph
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instrument for recording
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-graphy
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process of recording
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-penia
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deficiency
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-poiesis
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formation
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-ptysis
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spitting
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-scopy
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visual exam
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-trophy
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nourishment, development (condition of)
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a-, an-
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no, not, w/out
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anti-
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against
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dys-
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bad; painful; difficult; abnormal
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ex-, exo-
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out, away from
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ACTH
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adrenocorticotropic hormone (ant. pit.), stimulate adrenal gland to secrete hormones
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AD, AS, AU
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AD right ear
AS left ear AU both ears |
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AP view
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anterior to posterior
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C5-C6
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cervical vertibrae
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COPD
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chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, emphysema and chronic bronchitis
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CT scan
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computed tomography (x-ray imaging)
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DPT
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diphtheria, pertussis, tetanus (vaccine)
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EMG
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electromyogram (myo=muscle)
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ENT
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ear, nose, throat
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FBS
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fasting blood sugar
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FDA
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Food and Drug Administration
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GTT
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glucose tolerance test
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IM
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intramuscular; infectious mononucleosis
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IVP
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intravenous pyelogram
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L5-S1
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lumbar to sacral vertebrae
(slipped disc) |
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MRI
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magnetic resonance imaging
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NPO
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nothing by mouth (nil per os)
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OD, OS, OU
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OD right eye
OS left eye OU both eyes |
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PA
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pulmonary artery; posteroanterior
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PERRLA
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pupils equal, round, reactive to light, accomodation
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tid
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three times daily (ter in die)
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TNM
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tumor-node-metastasis
(cancer staging system) |
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bid
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twice daily
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S
O A |
sinister/sinestra
occulus auricle |
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accommodation
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changes in shape of lens for refraction of close vision
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achondroplasia
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inherited condition, bones of arms/legs fail to grow to normal size, defect in cartilage/bone formation
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acromegaly
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enlargement of extremities caused by hypersecretion of the ant. pit. after puberty
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acuity
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visual - clearness of vision, dependent on retinal focus w/in eye and sensitivity of interpretative faculty of brain
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adenoids
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enlarged lymph tissue in part of throat near nasal passage (nasopharynx)
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agglutination
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cross-matching blood types, indicates donor blood is incompatible; clumping of cells in presence of an antibody
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albino
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person w/ skin deficient in pigment (melanin)
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alopecia
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absence of hair from areas where it normally grows
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alveolus (sing)
alveoli (pl) |
air sac in the lung
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amblyopia
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partial loss of sight (lazy eye) (dull vision)
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analgesics
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drugs that lessen pain (aspirin, narcotics, opioid, NSAID)
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anaphylaxis
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exaggerated/hypersensitivity to previously encountered foreign proteins/antigens; vasodilation, decrease in BP
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anesthetic
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agent reducing/eliminating sensation
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anhidrosis
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lack of sweating
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ankylosis
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fusion of bone across a joint space by bone tissue or growth of fibrous tissue; immobility and stiff joint result
ankyl/o = stiff (rheumatoid arthritis) |
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anticoagulant
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prevents coagulation, stops blood from clotting
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antibodies
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protein produced by lymphocytes in response to bacteria, viruses, or antigens
(specific to an antigen and inactivates it) |
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antigens
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substances (usually foreign) stimulate production of an antibody
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antihistamines
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block action of histamine (released by body in allergic reaction)
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antipruritic
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against itching, drugs applied locally on skin or mucus membranes
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antipyretic
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drugs reducing fever
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arthrogram
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series of images (often x-rays) of a joint after injection of a contrast medium
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arthroscopy
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visual exam of inside of a joint w/ an endoscope and a TV camera
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asbestosis
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asbestos particles accumulate in lungs; pneuoconiosis
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astigmatism
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defective curvature of cornea/lens of eye
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atelectasis
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incomplete expansion of alveoli; collapsed, functionless, airless lung or portion of lung; caused by tumor/obstruction of bronchus
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auscultation
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listening to sounds w/in the body
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barium enema
BE |
x-ray study, lower GI series, opacifies lumen (passageway) of lg. intestine; enema w/ barium sulfate
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benign tumor
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slowly growing (non-cancerous growth), non-metastatic, encapsulated and non-invasive
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bone marrow
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anemias = lack of; soft, fatty, vascular tissue filling most bone cavities, source of RBC's and many WBC's
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bronchi (pl)
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branch of trachea (windpipe) that is passageway to a lung; bronchial tube
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callus
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increased growth of cells in keratin layer of epidermis caused by pressure/friction
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cancellous bone
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spongy or trabecular bone, more porous and less dense than compact bone
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cataract
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clouding of the lens, causing decreased vision; degenerative eye disease linked to process of aging
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cerumen
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ear wax
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chalazion
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sm. hard cystic mass (granuloma) on the eyelid; chronic inflammation of sebaceous gland along margin of eyelid
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cochlea
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snail-shaped, spirally wound tube in inner ear; contains hearing sensitive receptor cells
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Colles fracture
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occurs near wrist joint, at lower end of radius (breaking of bone)
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comedones (pl)
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blackheads
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conjunctiva
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delicate membrane lining eyelids and covering anterior eyeball
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conjunctivitis
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pinkeye; inflammation of conjunctiva w/ redness and discharge (pus)
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contraindication
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factors in a patient's condition making use of drug/s dangerous and ill-advised
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cornea
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fibrous transparent layer of clear tissue covering anterior portion of eyeball
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cortisol
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adrenal cortex secretes corticosteroids; regulates glucose, fat and protein metabolism; raises blood glucose in response to stress
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cranium
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skull (frontal, parietal, occipital, temporal, ethmoid, sphenoid)
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cryosurgery
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use of subfreezing temperatures, via liquid nitrogen application, to destroy tissues
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Cushing syndrome
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produces by excess cortisol from adrenal cortex (obesity, moon-face, buffalo-hump, hyperglycemia)
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cyst
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thick-walled, closed sac/pouch containing fluid or semi-solid material
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cytotoxic cells
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T lymphocyte that directly kills foreign cells
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dermis
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middle layer of skin
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diabetes insipidus
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inadequate secretion/resistance of kidney to ADH
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diabetes mellitus
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inadequate secretion/improper utilization of insulin (type 1 child onset; type 2 adult onset, obesity common)
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diplopia
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double vision
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dysplastic nevi
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moles that do not form properly and may progress to form melanoma (malignant, skin cancer)
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eczema
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inflammatory skin disease w/ redness (rash and severe itching)
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electrocauterization
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applying galvanic current (heat/burn) to tissues causing destruction or coagulation
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electrolyte
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mineral salt found in blood/tissues, necessary for proper function of cells (potassium, sodium, calcium)
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electrophoresis
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method of separating serum proteins be electrical charge (immunoglobins separate from plasma proteins)
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emetic
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promotes vomiting
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en bloc resection
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tumor removed along w/ large area of surrounding tissue containing lymph nodes (ex. modified radical masectomy)
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endotracheal intubation
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placement of tube through mouth into pharynx, larynx, trachea to establish airway
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eosinophil
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1-4% of leukocytes/granulocyte; phagocytic cell involved in allergic reactions
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epidermis
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outermost layer of skin
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erythema
erythem/o erythemat/o = redness |
flushing, windespread redness of skin; benign infectious disease or rash cause by parvovirus
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esotropia
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inward turning of the eye (strabismus), cross-eyed
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Ewing sarcoma
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malignant bone tumor (w/ pain, swelling) usually early onset (age 5-15)
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exostosis
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bony growth arising from surface of bone, benign
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exotropia
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outward turning of the eye (strabismus), wall-eyed
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estrogen
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female sex hormone, from ovaries (adrenal cortex)
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eustachian tube
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auditory tube; inner ear
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exanthematous
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skin eruption/rash occuring as a symptom of disease (measles, scarlet fever, rubella, varicella)
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facial bones
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nasal, maxillary, mandiblular, lacrimal, zygomatic, volmer
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fissure
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narrow, slit-like opening in between bones
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fovea centralis
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tiny pit/depression on retina, region of clearest vision
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gangrene
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death of tissue assoc. w/ loss of blood supply
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glaucoma
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increased interocular pressure, results in damage to retina and optic nerve w/ loss of vision
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gigantism
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hypersecretion of growth hormone from ant. pit. before puberty; abnormal growth of body tissues
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gouty arthritis
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inflammation and painful swelling of joints cause by excessive uric acid in body (hyperuricemia)
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greenstick fracture
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bone is partially broken; breaks on one surface and bends on the other; occurs in children
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204. How can a Catholic best safeguard his faith?
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A Catholic can best safeguard his faith by making frequent acts of faith, by praying for a strong faith, by studying his religion very earnestly, by living a good life, by good reading, by refusing to associate with the enemies of the Church, and by not reading books and papers opposed to the Church and her teaching.
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acts, praying, studying, living, reading, refusing and not reading
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hemochromotosis
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excess iron deposits throughout the body
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hemophilia
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excessive bleeding caused by hereditary lack of 1 protein substance (factor VII or IX) necessary for blood clotting
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heparin
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anticoagulant found in blood and tissue cells
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Hodgkin disease
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malignant tumor of lymph tissue in spleen and lymph nodes; Reed Sternberg cell
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hordeolum
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stye/sty; localized, purulent, inflammatory staphylococcal infection of sebaceous gland in eyelid
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humeral
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pertaining to humerus (upper arm bone)
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hyperopia
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farsightedness; eyeball too short or lens too weak
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hypersensitivity
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highly/excessively sensitive
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hyperthyroidism
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over-activity of thyroid; thyrotoxicosis; Graves disease, exophthalamos, inc. metabolism, inc. heart rate
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hypnotic
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produces sleep, trance-like state
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iatrogenic
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produced by treatment; disorders can occur (mistakes in drug use, unrecognized sensitivity to agent)
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integumentary system
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skin and accessory structures (hair, nails, glands)
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invasive cancer
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having ability to enter and destroy surrounding tissue
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iris
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colored pigmented membrane surrounding pupil of eye
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iron-deficiency anemia
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most common; lack of iron required for hemoglobin production
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Kaposi sarcoma
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malignant condition assoc. w/ AIDS; arising from lining of capillaries and appears as bluish/red skin nodules
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keloid
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hypertrophied, thickened scar; occurs after trauma/surgical incision
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keratitis
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inflammation of the cornea
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laryngectomy
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excision, removal, resection of larynx
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leukoplakia
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white, thickened patches on mucous membrane tissue of tongue/cheek
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linear accelerators
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lg. electronic device prod. high energy x-ray (photon) beams, treatment of deep seated tumors
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liver scan
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visualize; radiopharmaceutical (Tc and sulfur colloid) injected intravenously; images taken w/gamma camera, tumor areas photopenic (cirrhosis, abscess, tumor, hepatitis)
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lordosis
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anterior curvature of lumbar spine (swayback)
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Lyme disease
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recurrent disorder marked by severe arthritis, myalgia, malaise, neurologic and cardiac symptoms
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lymph nodes
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stationary solid lymphatic tissue along lymph vessels; cervical, axillary, mediastinal, inguinal (tonsils/adenoids)
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lymphocytosis
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abnormal increase in total number of lymphocytes in bloodstream; usually result of infection/trauma
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lymphopoiesis
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formation of lymphocytes or lymphatic tissue
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macula
macula lutea |
yellowish region on retina lateral to and below optic disc; contains fovea centralis (visual perception most acute)
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macular degeneration
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progressive damage to macula of retina; leading cause of blindness in elderly, severe loss of central vision
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mastoid process
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round projection on temporal bone behind ear
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mediastinum
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region between lungs and chest cavity; contains trachea, heart, aorta, esophagus, bronchial tubes
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medication administration
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Nursing Intervention Classification (NIC); preparing, giving, evaluating effectiveness of non/prescription drugs
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Meniere disease
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disorder of labyrinth of inner ear; elevated endolymph pressure w/in cochlea and semicircular canals
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metastasis
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secondary growth; cells from malignant tumors spread to distant places in the body
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Mohs surgery
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thin layers of malignant growth removed, each examined under microscope
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mutation
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DNA damage, involves chemical changes; interfere w/accurate encoding new protein synthesis, passed on to daughter cells
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myeloid
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derived from bone marrow
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myopia
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nearsightedness; eyeball too long or lens too strong
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myxedema
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mucus-like material accumulates under skin (advanced hypothyroidism in adulthood)
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neutropenia
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abnormal decrease in number of neutrophils (granulocytic leukocyte formation in bone marrow; phagocyte)
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nevus (sing)
nevi (pl) |
pigmented lesion of skin (inc. moles and birthmarks)
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oblique view
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x-rays, travel in slanted direction at angle from perpendicular plane
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oncogenes
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region of DNA in tumor cells/viruses causing cancer (designated by 3 letter word - abl, erb, jun)
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optic chiasma
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point at which optic nerve fibers cross in brain
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orthopnea
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abnormal condition, breathing easier in upright position (major cause- congestive heart failure)
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ossicles
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sm. bones of the ear; malleus, incus, stapes
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osteoarthritis
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progressive degenerative joint disease, loss of articular cartilage and hypertrophy of bone at articular surfaces
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osteodystrophy
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abnormal development of bone
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osteomyelitis
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inflammation of bone and bone marrow secondary to infection
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palliative
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relieving but not curing symptoms
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nevus (sing)
nevi (pl) |
pigmented lesion of skin (inc. moles and birthmarks)
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oblique view
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x-rays, travel in slanted direction at angle from perpendicular plane
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oncogenes
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region of DNA in tumor cells/viruses causing cancer (designated by 3 letter word - abl, erb, jun)
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optic chiasma
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point at which optic nerve fibers cross in brain
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orthopnea
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abnormal condition, breathing easier in upright position (major cause- congestive heart failure)
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ossicles
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sm. bones of the ear; malleus, incus, stapes
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osteoarthritis
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progressive degenerative joint disease, loss of articular cartilage and hypertrophy of bone at articular surfaces
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osteodystrophy
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abnormal development of bone
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osteomyelitis
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inflammation of bone and bone marrow secondary to infection
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palliative
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relieving but not curing symptoms
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papule
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small (less than 1cm) solid elevation of skin
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paronychia
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near/beside nail; inflammation/swelling of soft tissue around nail
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pedunculated
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possessing stem/stalk (peduncle); characteristic of some polypoid tumors
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perfusion
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injection of fluid into blood vessel to reach organ/tissue (bathing organ/tissue w/ fluid)
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pernicious anemia
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lack of mature erythrocytes caused by inability to absorb Vitamin B 12 (lacking intrinsic factor)
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petechiae (pl)
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small pinpoint hemorrhages
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phacolysis
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dissolution or discission of eye lens; breakdown of lens of eye
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phrenodynia
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pain in the diaphragm
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pilonidal cyst
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found over sacral area of back in midline and contains hairs
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pleural effusion
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excess fluid accumulates in pleura (fluid filled by space surrounding lungs)
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pleuritis, pleurisy
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inflammation of the pleura; causes pleurodynia and dyspnea, if chronic pleural effusion
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polypoid
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growths/projections extending outward from base (sessile and pedunculated polypoid tumors)
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presbyopia
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impaired vision as a result of old age
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pruritis
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itching; assoc. w/ dermatosis
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psoriasis
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chronic, recurrent dermatosis; itchy scaly red plaques covered w/ silvery gray scales
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purpura
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multiple pinpoint hemorrhages and accumulation of blood under skin (petechiae and eccymoses)
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pustule
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sm. elevation of skin containing pus
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pulmonary abscess
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pus in the lungs
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radiation oncologist
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doctor specializing in treatment of cancer patients (radiation as main modality of treatment)
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radiocurable cancer
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tumor cells destroyed by radiation therapy
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radiology
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medical specialty; study of x-rays and use in diagnosis of disease (also ultrasound and magnetic waves)
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radioresistant tumor
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require large doses of radiation to be destroyed
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receptors
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cellular/nuclear protein binds to hormone so response elicited
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rods and cones
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photoreceptor cells in retina; cone- transforms light to nerve impulses, color and central vision; rod- dim light and peripheral vision
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Roentgenology
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radiology (name of discoverer); study of x-rays
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rubella
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German measles (exanthematous viral disease)
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rubeola
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measles
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sarcoma
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cancerous tumor derived from connective/flesh tissue
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scirrhous
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hard, dense cancerous (fibrous tumor cell)
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sclera
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tough white outer coat of eyeball
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scoliosis
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crooked, bent (lateral curvature); spinal column bent abnormally to the side (common in adolescent girls)
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sebum
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oily substance secreted by sebaceous glands (dermis)
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sedative
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mildly hypnotic drug, relaxes w/out necessarily producing sleep (benzodiazephines)
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sella turcica
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cavity in skull, contains pituitary gland
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sessile
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having no stem; characteristic of polypoid tumors
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sideropenia
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deficiency of iron
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spleen scan
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radiographic scan of spleen after injection of radioactive RBC's (detect tumor, damage, problem)
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splenomegaly
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enlargement of spleen
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stimulant
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excited/promotes activity (caffeine, amphetamines)
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stridor
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strained, high pitched, loud sound made on inspiration; assoc. w/ obstruction of larynx/trachea
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subcutaneous
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innermost layer of skin; contains fat tissue
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synergism
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combining 2 drugs causing an effect greater than sum of indirect effects of each drug alone
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T cells
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T lymphocytes, originate in bone marrow, mature in thymus; attack bacteria and foreign cells by recognition/attaching/poking holes and injecting w/ toxic chemicals
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talipes
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congenital abnormality of hindfoot (inv. talus); most common is equinovarus or clubfoot
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tetany
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constant muscle contraction; hypoparathyroidism ->
hypocalcemia -> muscle/nerve weakness -> tetany |
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thalassemia
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inherited defect in ability to produce hemoglobin; usually in persons of Mediterranean background
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thoracentesis
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surgical procedure to remove fluid from pleural space (pleural effusion)
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thyrotoxicosis
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excessive thyroid gland activity; sweating, weight loss, tachycardia, nervousness, Graves disease
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thyroxine
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T4, thyroid secretion (tetraiodothyronine); increases metabolism in cells
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tinnitus
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sensation of noises in ears (ringing, buzzing, whistling, booming)
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tinea
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infection of skin caused by fungus
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tonometry
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measurement of pressure; intraocular, to detect glaucoma
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tonsils
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masses of lymphatic tissues in back of oropharynx
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topical drug
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applied locally on skin/mucous membranes of body (antiseptics - infections; antipruritics - itching0
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toxic
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poison
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toxicology
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science/study of poisons
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tumor staging
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extent of spread w/in body; TNM International Staging System
T = tumor N = node M = metastasis |
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varicella
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chicken pox (exanthematous viral disease)
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verruca
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epidermal growth (wart) caused by virus;
verruca vulgaris = common wart |
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vertigo
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sensation of irregular /whirling motion either of oneself or external objects
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vitiligo
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loss of pigment in areas of skin (milk-white patches)
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wheal
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smooth, slightly elevated, edematous (swollen) area redder/paler than surrounding skin (mosquito bites, allergy)
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xeroderma
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mild form of ichtyosis; rough dry discolored state of skin
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zygomatic bone
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cheek bones
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pernicious anemia
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inability to vitamin B12
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arthroscopy
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used to examine knee pain
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pituirary disorders
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imbalance causes gigantism, dwarfism
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hordeolum
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not assoc w/ acne
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pleural effusion
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thoracentesis is treatment for
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Mo
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No metastasis
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TisNoMo
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radiocurable, non life threatening
is= in situ x= tumor cannot be assessed |
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hemophilia
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excessive bleeding due to lack of protein substance needed for clotting
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otorhinolaryngologist
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ear nose and throat (ENT) specialist
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partial atelactasis
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area of collapsed lung
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