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72 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Matter-
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Anything that has mass and occupies space.
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Mass-
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The measurement of the amount of matter in an object.
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Weight-
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a meaurement of the gravitational force acting on an object.
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How do we determine the mass of something?
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We weigh it.
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Energy-
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The capacity for doing work.
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What are examples of energy?
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-Heat
-Light -Electricity |
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Physical Properties-
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Characteristics that can be observed or measured without changing the composition of matter.
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What are examples of Physical Properties?
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-Size
-Color -Liquid vs. Solid |
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Chemical Properties-
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Characteristics of matter when attempting to change it into something new.
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What are examples of chemical Properties?
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-The ability for paper to burn
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Physical Changes-
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Alterations matters undergoes without changing the composition.
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What are examples of Physical Changes?
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-Changing the siz of a piece of paper (cutting it, crumpling it)
-Ice melting |
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Chemical Changes-
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Alterations matter undergoes that involve changes in composition.
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What are examples of Chemical Changes?
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-Burning of paper
-Release of new material (gas) |
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Scientific Model-
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explanation for observed behavior in nature.
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Model of Matter-
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Designed to explain observed properties of gases.
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What are the small particles called in which matter is composed of?
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molecules
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Molecule-
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Smallest unit of a pure substance that has the properties of that substance.
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Atom-
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Limit of chemical subdivision for matter.
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Monoatomic Molecule-
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Contains only one atom.
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Polyatomic Molecules-
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Contains 2 or more atoms.
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Homoatomic Molecules-
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Contains only 1 kind or type of atom
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Heteroatomic Molecules-
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Contains 2 or more kind or type of atom
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Element-
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Pure substance consisting of the same molecules
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What are examples of an element?
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-He
-O |
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Compound-
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Pure substance consisting of more than one molecule
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What is an example of a compound?
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-Carbon Dioxide O-C-O
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What type of molecules are Elements?
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Either Monoatomic or Polyatomic; always homoatomic
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What type of molecules are compounds?
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Always Polyatomic; always heteroatomic
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List the differences between a Mixture and a Pure Substance-
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Mixture:
-Variable Composition Pure Substance: -Constancce Composition Mixture: -Properties vary with composition Pure Substance: -Unique set of physical properties Mixture: -Serperably by physical methods into 2 or more pure substances Pure Substances: -Not seperable into simpler substances by physical methods. |
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Homogeneous Matter-
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Has uniform physical and chemical properties throughout.
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Solution-
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homogeneous mixture of 2 or more pure substances
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Heterogeneous Matter-
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has appearance and properties that are not the same throughout.
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Examples of a Heterogeneous Mixture-
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-Pizza
-Sand -Wood |
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Examples of a Homogeneous Mixture-
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-Sugar Water
-Air |
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What is the basic unit for length?
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Meter, m
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1 km= ?m
10 dcm= ?m 100 cm= ?m 1000 mm= ?m |
1000 m
1 m 1 m 1 m |
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What is the formula for area?
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Area= Length x Width
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What is the formula for volume?
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Volume= Length x Length x Length
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1 mL= ?cc
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1 cc
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1 teaspoon= ?mL
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5 mL
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What is the basic unit for mass?
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Kiogram, Kg
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1 Kg= ?lbs.
1 Kg= ?g 1 g= ?mg |
2.2 lbs
1000 grams 1000 mg |
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What is the formula for converting Celsius to Farenheit?
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C= 100/180 (F-32)
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What is the formula for converting Farenheit to Celsius?
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F= 9/5 (C) + 32
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What is the basic unit for energy?
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Joule, (j)
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What is the formula for converting celsius to kelvin?
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C= K-273
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What is the formula for converting kelving to celsius?
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K= C+273
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1 cal of energy is needed to do what?
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heat 1g or water by 1 degree C
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What is the formula for calculating percent?
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Percent= Part/Total X 100
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What is the formula for calculating density?
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Density= Mass/Volume
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Charge of a Proton-
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Positively Charged
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Charge of a Neutron-
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Neutral
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Charge of an Electron-
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Negatively Charged
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What is the atomic number?
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The number of protons
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What is the Mass Number?
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The sum of the neutrons and protons
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Isotopes-
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Atoms with the same atomic number but different mass #'s
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In a neutral atom, the number of protons = What?
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the number of electrons
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The number of protons is the what?
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atomic number
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Where is the number of protons, or atomic number located on an element?
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Lower left corner
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The sum of the neurtons and protons is what?
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the mass number of an element
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Atomic Weight-
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relative masses of atoms
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Molecular Weights-
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derived from the atomic weights and the molecular formula
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What is Avogadro's Number and what does it represent?
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-6.02 x 10 23
-Represents one mole |
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How is chemical behavior determine
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primarily by the number of electrons.
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Periodic Law-
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When elements are arranged in order of increasing atomic numbers, elements with similar properites will occur at regular intervals.
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Bohr Atom-
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-Electrons orbit the nucleus in defined orbits of specific energies.
-Electrons can change orbits by absorbing or releasing energy. |
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Atomic Orbitals-
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volumes of space in which electrons of the same energy move.
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Atomic orbitals occur in groups called?
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Subshells
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Subshells occur in groups called?
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Shells
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Hund's Rule-
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electrons will not join other electrons in an orbital if an empty orbital of the same energy is available.
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Pauli Exclusion Principle-
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only electrons spinning in opposite directions can simultaneously occupyt the same orbital.
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