Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Information-processing Model |
Input from the environment is processed in systematic ways, much like a computer. Information flows through the system. |
|
|
What are the specific components of the information-processing model? |
1. Stimulus/Input/Sensory Register 2. Short-term memory 3. Long-term memory 4. Retrevial methods take info from LTM and temporarily put them in STM for responses. |
|
|
Explicit Memory and examples |
Involves an effortful recollection of events. -Multiple choice exams. |
|
|
Implicit memory and examples |
Occurs without awareness, automatically. -Driving, swimming |
|
|
What are the basic information processing elements involved in problem solving? |
-Stored memories -Executive control processes -Parallel processing |
|
|
What function do stored memories serve in information processing and problem solving? |
Using stored information to guide actions to achieve a goal. |
|
|
What function do executive control processes serve in information processing and problem solving? |
Select, organize, manipulate, and interpret information. |
|
|
What is the function of parallel processing in basic information processing and problem solving? |
Carries out multiple cognitive activities at once. |
|
|
Explain the Imitation Experiment that shows that infants can remember an event. |
-nfants stick out their tongue when they see others do it.
|
|
|
Explain the Habituation Experiment that shows that infants can remember an event. |
Infants prefer new sights over something they have seen before. |
|
|
Explain how Operant Conditioning shows that infants can remember events. |
Baby mobile, ribbon, and kicking to move the mobile. |
|
|
What are the four major hypothesis about why memory improves with age? |
1. Changes in basic capacities 2. Changes in memory strategies 3. Increased knowledge about memory 4. Increased knowledge about the world |
|
|
When do autobiographical memories begin? |
Some can occur before the age of 2 or 3 |
|
|
What are Scripts? |
Represent the typical sequence of actions that are related to an event and guide future behaviors in similar settings. |
|
|
What metaphor is used by the information-processing approach? |
Computer metaphor |
|
|
The memory abilities of the infant human (and all humans) is cue _______ and context ________. |
Cue dependent and context specific |
|
|
Expertise is ____ ____ and does not carry over to other areas. |
Domain specific |
|
|
How can experimenters make memory tasks easier for older adults? |
Tasks where they can use well practiced memory strategies. |
|
|
The slowing nervous system may cause... |
memory strategy and basic processing capacity limitations in older age. |
|
|
What changes in processing speed occur from childhood to adolescence? |
Increase in the rate of processing speed. This is uniform across various tasks and is GLOBAL. |
|
|
In the speed of change in older adults, a keyboard task was used. What was found across the ages? |
-The easier the task, the less of a difference between ages. -The hard the task (increase the # of keys) the larger the reaction time. |
|
|
The processing speed change across the lifespan is.... |
Global. Speed increases and then decreases. |
|
|
What factors lead to an increase in speed in the EARLY part of the lifespan? |
-Organization -Differentiation or specialization -Myelination |
|
|
What factors lead to a DECLINE in processing speed in the latter part of the lifespan? |
-Declines in neurotransmitters -Shrinking neurons -Loss of myelin/white matter -Dedifferentiation |
