Final Exam A&p I

Front 1

true or false: diffusion movement always occurs from areas of greater to areas of lesser concentration.

Back 1

false

Front 2

true or false: facilitated diffusion always requires a carrier protein

Back 2

false

Front 3

which vesicular transport process occurs primarily in some white blood cells and macrophages?

Back 3

phagocytosis

Front 4

in which stage of mitosis do the identical sets of chromosomes uncoil and resume their chromatin form?

Back 4

telophase

Front 5

once solid material is phagocytized and taken into a vacuole, what happens?

Back 5

a lysosome combines with the vacuole and digests the enclosed solid material

Front 6

which of the following statements is correct regarding net diffusion?

a. the rate is independent of temperature

b. the greater the concentration, the faster the rate.

c. molecular weight of a substance does not affect the rate

d. the lower the temperature, the faster the rate

Back 6

b. the greater the concentration gradient, the faster the rate

Front 7

Mitosis _____.

Back 7

is the division of the nucleus

Front 8

which of the following is a function of a plasma membrane protein?

a. circulating antibodies

b. molecular transport through the membrane

c. forms a lipid bilayer

d. oxygen transport

Back 8

b. molecular transport though the membrane

Front 9

which of the following statements is correct regarding RNA?

a. messenger RNA, transfer RNA, and ribosomal RNA play a role in protein synthesis

b. if the base sequence of DNA is ATTGCA, the messenger RNA template will be UCCAGU

c. there is exactly one specific type of mRNA for each amino acid

d. rRNA is always attached to the rough ER

Back 9

a. mRNA, tRNA, and rRNA play a role in protein synthesis

Front 10

true or false: the shock-absorbing pads between the vertebrae are formed of fibrocartilage

Back 10

true

Front 11

true or false: the role of brown fat is to warm the body; whereas the role of white fat is to store nutrients

Back 11

true

Front 12

true or false: tendons and ligaments are composed mainly of dense irregular connective tissue.

Back 12

false

Front 13

true or false: macrophages are found in areolar and lymphatic tissues.

Back 13

true

Front 14

true or false: goblet cells are found within pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium.

Back 14

true

Front 15

true or false: the basic difference between dense irregular and dense regular connective tissues is in the amount of elastic fibers and adipose cells present.

Back 15

false

Front 16

true or false: a major characteristic of fibrocartilage is its unique amount of flexibility and elasticity.

Back 16

false

Front 17

true or false: cartilage tissue tends to heal less rapidly than bone tissue

Back 17

true

Front 18

true or false: intercalated discs and striations are found in skeletal muscle.

Back 18

false

Front 19

true or false: squamous cells are flattened and scale-like when mature

Back 19

true

Front 20

true or false: functions of connective tissues include binding, support, insulation, and protection.

Back 20

true

Front 21

true or false: blood is considered a type of connective tissue.

Back 21

true

Front 22

the reason that intervertebral discs exhibit a large amount of tensile strength , which allows them to absorb shock, is because they possess _____.

Back 22

collagen fibers

Front 23

which of the following would be of most importance to goblet cells and other glandular epithelium?

a. microvilli

b. golgi bodies

c. lysosomes

d. multiple nuclei

Back 23

b. golgi bodies

Front 24

the simple columnar epithelium that forms absorptive cells of the digestive tract have which characteristic?

Back 24

dense microvilli

Front 25

what is the single-celled layer of epithelium that forms the lining of serous membranes?

Back 25

simple squamous

Front 26

which statement best describes connective tissue?

a. usually contains a large amount of matrix

b. typically arranged in a single layer of cells

c. primarily concerned with secretion

d. usually lines a body cavity

Back 26

a. usually contains a large amount of matrix

Front 27

connective tissue matrix is composed of _____.

Back 27

fibers and ground substance

Front 28

the fiber type that gives connective tissue great tensile strength is _____.

Back 28

collagen

Front 29

groups of cells that are similar in structure and perform a common or related function form a(an) _____.

Back 29

tissue

Front 30

the shape of the external ear is maintained by _____.

Back 30

elastic cartilage

Front 31

edema occurs when _____.

Back 31

areolar connective tissue soaks up excess fluid in an inflammed area

Front 32

the first step in tissue repair involves _____.

Back 32

inflammation

Front 33

what are the three main components of connective tissue?

Back 33

collagen, elastin, and reticular fibers

Front 34

select the correct statement regarding adipose tissue:

a. it is composed primarily of extracellular matrix

b. its primary function is nutrient storage

c. mature adipose cells are highly mitotic

d. most of cell volume is occupied by the nucleus

Back 34

b. its primary function is nutrient storage

Front 35

true or false: the fibula is the major weight-bearing bone of the leg

Back 35

false

Front 36

true or false: all of the bones of the skull, except the mandible, are united by sutures and are therefore immovable

Back 36

true

Front 37

true or false: the frontal bone articulates with the parietal bone by means of the sagittal suture.

Back 37

false

Front 38

true or false: the mastoid sinuses are located at a position in the skull where they are usually free from infections.

Back 38

false

Front 39

the vertebral column is held in place primarily by the anterior and posterior longitudinal ligaments

Back 39

true

Front 40

true or false: body weight is carried primarily by the talus and calcaneus

Back 40

true

Front 41

true or false: the layman's term for the scapula is the collarbone

Back 41

false

Front 42

true or false: the shallow socket of the shoulder joint restricts movement of the humerus but does increase the stability of the joint

Back 42

false

Front 43

true or false: costal cartilages join most ribs to the sternum

Back 43

true

Front 44

which forms the largest portion of the coxal bone?

Back 44

ilium

Front 45

what makes up the axial skeleton?

Back 45

cranial bones, vertebral column and rib cage

Front 46

the ethmoid bone is composed of all of the following except the _____.

a. superior nasal conchae

b. crista galli

c. cribriform plate

d. inferior nasal conchae

Back 46

d. inferior nasal conchae

Front 47

which vertebra does not have a body

Back 47

atlas

Front 48

the suture that connects the two parietal bones together is the _____.

Back 48

sagittal suture

Front 49

the hyoid bone is unique because it _____.

Back 49

is the only bone in the body that does not articulate with any other bone

Front 50

along with support, the anterior ligament of the vertebral column also acts to _____.

a. hold the discs in place

b. prevent hyperextension of the spine

c. hold the spine erect

d. protect the spinal cord

Back 50

b. prevent hyperextension of the spine

Front 51

what is the major function of the intervertebral discs?

Back 51

absorb shock

Front 52

paranasal sinuses are found in which of these facial bones:

a. zygomatic bones

b. nasal conchae

c. vomer

d. maxillae

Back 52

d. maxillae

Front 53

which condition is an abnormal lateral curvature of the spine?

Back 53

scoliosis

Front 54

which bone forms the prominence of the cheek?

Back 54

zygomatic bone

Front 55

true or false: the apocrine sweat glands are fairly unimportant in thermoregulation.

Back 55

true

Front 56

true or false: skin surface markings that reflect points of tight dermal attachment to underlying tissues are called epidermal ridges.

Back 56

false

Front 57

true or false: dense fibrous connective tissue portion of the skin is located in the reticular region of the dermis.

Back 57

true

Front 58

true or false: the outermost sheath of a hair follicle is the connective tissue root sheath.

Back 58

true

Front 59

true or false: the protein found in large amounts in the outermost layer of epidermal cells is collagen.

Back 59

false

Front 60

true or false: the stratum corneum is a zone of approximately four layers of viable cells that are able to synthesize proteins that keep the outer layer of skin smooth and soft.

Back 60

false

Front 61

true or false: the pinkish hue of individuals with fair skin is the result of the crimson color of oxygenated hemoglobin circulating in the dermal capillaries and reflecting though the epidermis.

Back 61

true

Front 62

true or false: hair growth and density are influenced by hormones, nutrition, and in some cases lifestyle.

Back 62

true

Front 63

true or false: when a patient is said to have "third-degree burns", this indicates that the patient has burns that cover approximately one-third or more of the body.

Back 63

false

Front 64

true or false: sweat glands continuously produce small amounts of sweat; even in cooler temperatures.

Back 64

true

Front 65

select the most correct statement concerning skin cancer:

a. most tumors that arise on the skin are malignant

b. squamous cell carcinomas arise from the stratum corneum

c. basal cell carcinomas are the least common but most malignant

d. melanomas are rare but must be removed quickly to prevent them from metastasizing

Back 65

d. melanomas are rare but....

Front 66

a needle would pierce the epidermal layers of the forearm in which order?

Back 66

stratum corneum, stratum granulosum, stratum spinosum, and stratum basale

Front 67

the major regions of a hair shaft include all of the following except ____.

a. medulla

b. cortex

c. external root sheath

d. cuticle

Back 67

c. external root sheath

Front 68

acne is a disorder associated with which gland of the skin?

Back 68

sebaceous

Front 69

the single most important risk for skin cancer is

Back 69

overexposure to UV radiation

Front 70

what is the most important role of the arrector pili muscles?

Back 70

to force sebum out of the hair follicle to the skin surface

Front 71

a splinter penetrated into the skin of the sole of the foot- almost to the papillary region of the dermis. which layer of the epidermis would be the final layer injured?

Back 71

stratum basale

Front 72

the reason the hypodermis acts as a shock absorber is that ______.

a. it is located just below the epidermis and protects the dermis from shock

b. it has no delicate nerve endings and can therefore absorb more shock

c. the major part of its makeup is adipose, which serves as an effective shock absorber

d. the cells that make up the hypodermis secrete protective mucus

Back 72

c. the major part of its makeup is adipose, which serves as an effective shock absorber

Front 73

which type of skin cancer appears as a scaly reddened papule and tends to grow rapidly and metastasize?

Back 73

squamous cell carcinoma

Front 74

which of the five layers of the epidermis is responsible for cell division and replacement?

Back 74

stratum basale

Front 75

what are the ridge structures called that are located in the superficial part of the papillary layer of the dermis?

Back 75

dermal papillae

Front 76

how do physicians estimate the extent of burn damage associated with fluid loss?

a. by measuring urinary output and fluid intake

b. by observing the tissues that are usually moist

c. through blood analysis

d. by using the rule of nines

Back 76

d. by using the rule of nines

Front 77

true of false: hematpoiesis refers to the formation of blood cells within the red marrow caivities of certain bones

Back 77

true

Front 78

true or false: compact bone is replaced more often than spongy bone

Back 78

false

Front 79

true or false: bones are classified by whether they are weight bearing or protective in function

Back 79

false

Front 80

true or false: short, irregular, and flat bones have marrow cavities in order to keep the weight of the bones light

Back 80

false

Front 81

the structural part of compact bone (the osteon) resembles the growth rings of a tree trunk

Back 81

true

Front 82

true or false: 65% of the mass of bone is a compound called hydroxyapatite

Back 82

true

Front 83

true or false: all bones stop growing by the end of adolescense

Back 83

false

Front 84

true or false: the hormone that is primarily involved in the control of bone remodeling is the parathyroid hormone

Back 84

false

Front 85

the structure of bone tissue suits the function. which of the following bone tissues is adapted to support weight and withstand tension stress?

a. spongy bone

b. irregular bone

c. compact bone

d. trabecular bone

Back 85

compact bone

Front 86

yellow bone marrow contains a large percentage of _____.

Back 86

fat

Front 87

a fracture in the shaft of the bone would be a break in the _____.

Back 87

diaphysis

Front 88

which structure allows the diaphysis of the bone to increase in length until early childhood?

Back 88

epiphyseal plate

Front 89

which of the following is not a function of the skeletal system?

a. support

b. stage of minerals

c. hematpoiesis

d. communication

Back 89

d. communication

Front 90

what is the structural unit of compact bone?

Back 90

osteon

Front 91

the canal that runs through the core of each osteon is the site of _____.

Back 91

blood vessels and nerve fibers

Front 92

the process of bones increasing in width is known as _____.

Back 92

appositional growth

Front 93

which bone cell accomplishes the bone reabsorption process?

Back 93

osteoclast

Front 94

which hormone increases osteoclast activity to release more calcium ions into the bloodstream?

Back 94

parathyroid hormone

Front 95

what is absolutely necessary for bone growth or healing from a fracture?

Back 95

osteoblasts

Front 96

in the epiphyseal plate, cartilage grows _____.

Back 96

interstially, by pushing the epiphysis away from the diaphysis

Front 97

osteogenesis is the process of _____.

Back 97

bone formation

Front 98

which bone rests between the calcaneus and tibia?

Back 98

talus

Front 99

true or false: the periosteum is a tissue that serves only to protect the bone because it is not supplied with nerves or blood vessels

Back 99

false

Front 100

true or false: the term osteoid refers to the organic part of the matrix of compact bones

Back 100

true