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398 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Mental Health |
Relative state of mind in which theperson who is healthy is able to cope with and adjust to the recurrent stressesof everyday living in an acceptable way |
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Delirium |
A state of frenzied excitement that occurs rapidly and is characterized by difficulty maintaining and shifting attention is known as |
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Bipolar Disorder |
A psychological disorder characterized by episodes of mania, depression, alternating between the two, or a mixture of the two moods simultaneously is known as |
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Phobia Disorder |
An anxiety disorder characterized by an obsessive, irrational, and intense fear of a specific object, of an activity, or of a physical situation is known as |
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Mania |
One of the mood swings of the individual with bipolar disorder is characterized by extreme excitement, hyperactivity, agitation, overly talkative behavior, flight of ideas, fleeting attention, and sometimes violent, destructive, and self-destructive behavior; this mood is known as |
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Obsesions |
Repeated, persistent thoughts or impulses that are irrational and with which the mind is continually and involuntarily preoccupied are known as |
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Conversion Disorder |
A mental disorder in which the individual represses anxiety experienced by emotional conflicts by converting the anxious feelings into physical symptoms (such as paralysis or pain) that have no organic basis, but are perceived to be real by the individual is known as |
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Hypochondriasis |
An individual who has a chronic, abnormal concern about the health of his/her body, characterized by extreme anxiety, depression, and being preoccupied with a fear of having a serious illness or disease despite rational medical evidence that no disorder is present would be classified as suffering from |
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Munchausen’s syndrome (by proxy) |
A somewhat rare form of child abuse in which a parent of a child falsifies an illness in a child by fabricating or creating the symptoms, and then seeks medical care for the child is known as |
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Narcolepsy |
A sleep disorder that is characterized by a repeated, uncontrollable desire to sleep, often several times a day, is known as |
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Dissociative identity disorder |
A disorder in which there is the presence of two or more distinct personalities within one individual |
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Dissociative amnesia |
A disorder in which the individual is unable to recall important personal information, usually of a traumatic or stressful nature (the loss of memory is more than simple forgetting), |
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Exhibitionism |
A sexual disorder involving the exposure of one’s genitals to a stranger |
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Pedophilia |
A sexual disorder in which the individual is sexually aroused and engages in sexual activity with children (generally age 13 or younger) |
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Anorexia nervosa |
A disorder seen primarily in adolescent girls, characterized by an emotional disturbance concerning body image, prolonged refusal to eat followed by extreme weight loss, amenorrhea, and a lingering, abnormal fear of becoming obese |
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Bulimia nervosa |
An uncontrolled craving for food, often resulting in eating binges, followed by vomiting to eliminate the food from the stomach |
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Borderline personality disorder |
A personality disorder characterized by an extensive pattern of instability of interpersonal relationships, self-image, and marked impulsivity that begins by early adulthood and is present in a variety of contexts (such as gambling or binge eating) |
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Narcissistic personality disorder |
A personality disorder characterized by an abnormal interest in oneself, especially in one’s own body and sexual characteristics |
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Personality disorders |
Any of a large group of mental disorders characterized by rigid, inflexible and maladaptive behavior patterns that impair a person's ability to function in society by limiting adaptive potential. |
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Paranoid personality disorder |
A personality disorder characterized by a generalized distrust and suspiciousness of others, so much so that the individual blames them for his/her own mistakes and failures |
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Family therapy |
A form of psychotherapy that focuses the treatment on the process between family members that supports and sustains symptoms |
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Delusion |
A persistent, abnormal belief or perception held firmly by a person despite evidence to the contrary. |
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Combining words that mean MIND |
ment/o psych/o phren/o |
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Amnesia |
Loss of memory caused by severe emotional trauma, brain injury, substance abuse, or reaction to medications or toxins |
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Anxiety |
A state of mind in which the individual feels increased tension, apprehension, a painfully increased sense of helplessness, a feeling of uncertainty, fear, jitteriness, and worry |
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Apathy |
Absence or suppression of observable emotion, feeling, concern, or passion |
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Behavior therapy |
A form of psychotherapy that seeks to modify observable, maladjusted patterns of behavior by substituting new responses to given stimuli |
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Compulsion |
Irresistible, repetitive, irrational impulses to perform an act; these behavior patterns intended to reduce anxiety, not provide pleasure or gratification |
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Defense mechanism |
An unconscious, intrapsychic reaction that offers protection to the self from a stressful situation |
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Delirium tremens |
An acute and sometimes fatal psychotic reaction caused by cessation of excessive, long-term intake of alcoholic beverages |
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Denial |
A refusal to admit or acknowledge the reality of something, thus avoiding emotional conflict or anxiety |
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ADHD |
attention deficit hyperactive disorder |
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CA |
Chronological Age |
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OCD |
Obsessive compulsive disease |
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ECT |
Electroconvulsive therapy |
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MA |
Mental Age |
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Suffix: -mania |
Madness |
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Combining form schiz/o |
Split |
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Suffix: -phobia |
Abnormal fear |
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Combining form hypn/o |
Sleep |
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Combining form smoat/o |
Body |
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Mental Disorder |
This is the disturbance of emotional stability as manifested through maladaptive behavior and impaired functioning |
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-phoria |
Emotional state |
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-philia |
Attraction to |
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-thymia |
Condition of the mind or will |
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Neur/o |
Nerves |
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-iatrist |
One who treats |
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Projection |
Act of transferring one's own unacceptable thoughts or feelings to another. |
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Regression |
Response to stress in which the individual reverts to an earlier level of development. |
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Suppression |
Voluntary blocking of unpleasant feelings and experiences from one's mind. |
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Rationalizatoin |
Attempting to make excuses or invent logical reasons to justify unacceptable feelings or behaviors |
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Affect |
Observable evidence of a person's feelings or emotions. |
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Autism |
A pervasive developmental disorder characterized by the individual beingextremely withdrawn; the individual suffers from impaired communication/social interaction skills |
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Psychoanalysis |
A form of psychotherapy that uses free association, dream interpretation and analysis of defense mechanisms. |
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Psychotherapy |
Any of a large number of related methods of treating mental and emotional disorders byusins psychological techniques rather than physical means of treatment |
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Psychotherapy examples |
Play therapy
Psychodrama |
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Physical Therapy examples |
ECT Drug therapy |
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Schedule I Controlled Substance |
These drugs are not considered to be legitimate for medical use in the US |
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Schedule V Controlled Substance |
These drugs have a small potential for abuse or addiction. Some of these drugs are OTC. |
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Schedule II |
These drugs have an accepted medical use but have a high potential for abuse or addiction. They pharmacy will only accept a written Rx for these drugs. |
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Schedule IV |
These drugs have less potential for abuse or addiction than those of Schedule III, with limited physical dependence. |
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Abbreviations: a.c. b.i.d gt, gtt IM NPO, n.p.o prn or p.r.n. |
before meals twice per day drop, drops Intramuscular Nothing by mouth, nil per os as needed |
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Route of administration Subcutaneous |
The medication is injected into the fatty tissue layer of the skin. |
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Parenteral |
Any route of administration that does not involve the gastrointestinal tract. For example: topical, inhalation, injection. |
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Topical |
In this route of administration the medication is applied directly to the skin or mucous membrane for LOCAL effect to the area. |
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Transdermal |
This is a method of applying a drug to unbroken skin using an adhesive patch. The drug is absorbed continuously and produces a systemic effect. |
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Buccal |
In this route of administration the medication is placed inside of the mouth, next to the cheek. |
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Sublingual |
In this route of administration the medication is placed under the tongue. |
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Drug |
Any substance that when taken into the body may modify one or more of its functions |
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Drug action |
Describes how a drug produces changes within the body. |
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Drug effect |
Describes the change that takes place in the body as a result of the drug action. |
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First- dose effect |
An under-desired effect of a medication that occurs within 30-90 minutes after administration of the first- dose. |
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Local effect |
A response to a medication confined to a specific part of the body |
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Systemic effect |
A generalized response to a drug by the body. The drug has a widespread influence on the body because it has absorbed into the bloodstream. |
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Therapeutic dose |
A dose of medication that achieves the desired effect. |
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Maintenance Dose |
The dose of medication that will keep the concentration of the medication in the bloodstream at the desired level. |
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Anaphylactic Shock |
A life-threatening hypersensitive reaction to food or drugs.
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Word element alges/o arrhythm/o coagul/o gloss/o pharmac/o esthesi/o |
sensitivity to pain rhythm clotting tongue drugs, medicine feeling, sensation |
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Analgesic |
Relieves pain |
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Anibiotic |
Stops or controls the growth of infection- causing microorganisms |
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Antieoplastic |
Prevents the development, growth or reproduction of CA cells |
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Antitussive |
Relieves cough |
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Beta Blocker |
Treats HTN, angina, and various abnormal heart rhythms |
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Diuretic |
Increases urine secretion |
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Idiosyncrasy |
An unusual, inappropriate response to a drug or to the usual effective dose of a drug. This reaction may be life-threatening. |
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Contraindication |
Any special symptom or circumstance that indicates that the use of a drug or procedure is dangerous or not advised. |
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Cumulation |
Occurs when the drug level begins to accumulate with repeated doses because the drug is not completely excreted before another dose is given. |
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Potentiation |
The effect that occurs when two drugs administered together produce a more powerful response than the sum of their individual effects. |
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Antiemetic |
The drug classification that prevents or relieves nausea and vomiting. |
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Anesthetic |
The classification of drugs that partially or completely numbs or eliminate sensitivity with or without loss of consciousness. |
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Chemotherapy |
The treatment of diseases by using drugs that have a specific deadly effect on a disease causing microorganism. These drugs are used in the treatment of some infections and CA. |
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Route of administration |
The method of introducing a medication into the body |
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Drug source |
Plant Animal Synthetics Mineral |
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Treated with chemotherapy |
CA Mental illness Infectious disease |
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The dose of a medication that achieves the desired effect is called the therapeutic dose. T/F |
True |
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Potency is the medical term which refers to the strength of a drug T/F |
True |
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The name under which the drug is sold by a specific manufacturer (this company owns this name which is a registered trade mark) is referred to as the generic name. T/F |
False |
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The term pharmacodynamics refers to the study of how drugs interact with the human body. T/F |
True |
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Anticoagulant |
The drug classification that prevents clot continuation and formations. |
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Pharmacology |
The field of medicine that specializes in the study of drugs, including their sources, appearance, chemistry, actions and uses. |
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Tolerance |
A decreased response to the effect of a drug after repeated dosages. |
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Toxicology |
Study of poisons, their detection, effects and establishing antidotes and methods of treatment for conditions they produce. |
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Generic |
Official name of a drug and is also the name that is established when the drug is first manufactured. |
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Adverse reaction |
Body reacts to a drug in an unexpected way that may endanger a patient's health and safety. |
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Pharmacist |
One who is licensed to prepare and dispense drugs. |
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Pharmacy |
Place where drugs are dispensed. |
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FDA |
Name of the government agency responsible for administering the Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act. |
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DEA |
Federal law concerned with the manufacture, distribution and dispensing of Controlled Substances is the controlled substances act. Administering and enforcing the Controlled Substance Act. |
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Bacteriostatic |
Stopping or controlling the growth of bacteria. |
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Babinski's reflex |
This reflex can be tested by stroking the sole of the foot, beginning at midheel and moving upward and lateral to the toes. |
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Echoencephalography |
Ultrasound used to analyze intracranial structures of the brain. |
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Cerebral concussion |
A brief interruption of brain function with LOC lasting for a few seconds, possibly due to a blow to the head. |
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Hydrocephalus |
A congenital disorder in which there is an abnormal increase of cerebrospinal fluid in the ventricles of the brain, resulting in an increased head circumference in the infant. |
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Multiple sclerosis |
A degenerative inflammatory disease of the CNS that attacks the myelin sheath in the spinal cord and brain, leaving it scarred. |
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Parkinson's disease |
A degenerative, slowly progressive deterioration of nerves in the brain stem's motor system, characterized by a stooped posture and a shuffling gait. |
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Carpal tunnel syndrome |
A pinching or compression of the median nerve within the wrist area due to inflammation and swelling. |
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Migraine headache |
A recurring pulsating, vascular headache that usually develops on one side of the head and is characterized by a slow onset, and may be preceded by an aura. |
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Bacterial Meningitis |
A serious bacterial infection of the covering of the brain and spinal cord that can have residual debilitating effects or even a fatal outcome if not diagnosed and treated promptly with appropriate antibiotic therapy. |
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Petit mal seizure |
A small seizure in which there is a sudden, temporary LOC, lasting only a few seconds, where the individual may have a blank facial expression and may experience repeated blinking of the eyes during this brief period of time. |
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Epilepsy |
A syndrome of recurring episodes of excessive, irregular electrical activity of the central nervous system. |
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Bell's Palsy |
A temporary or permanent unilateral weakness or paralysis of the muscles in the face following trauma to the face or an unknown infection. |
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Herpes Zoster |
An acute viral infection, seen mainly in adults, characterized by inflammation for the underlying spinal or cranial nerve pathway, producing painful vesicular eruptions on the skin following along these nerve pathways. |
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Grand mal seizure |
An epileptic seizure characterized by a rigid body extension and an alternating contracting and relaxing of muscles. |
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Huntington's chorea |
An inherited neurological disease, characterized by rapid, jerk, involuntary movements and increasing dementia due to the effects on the neurons of the basal ganglia. |
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Another name for a stroke |
Cerebrovascular accident, TIA |
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Encephalitis |
Inflammation of the brain or spinal cord tissue largely caused by a virus. |
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Lumbar puncture |
Insertion of a hollow needle and stylet into the subarachnoid space, generally between the third and fourth lumbar vertebrae, for the purpose of withdrawing cerebrospinal fluid. |
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Paraplegia |
Paralysis of the lower extremities as a result of a severe injury to the spinal cord in the thoracic or lumbar region |
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Anencephaly |
The absence of the brain and spinal cord at the birth |
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Embolism |
Abnormal condition in which a blood clot (embolus) becomes lodged in a blood vessel, obstructing the flow in the vessel
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Neuralgia |
Severe, sharp, spasm like pain that extends along the course of one or more nerves. |
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Deficit |
Any deficiency or variation of the normal, as in a weakness deficit resulting from a CVA. |
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Agraphia |
The inability to convert one's thoughts into writing. |
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Aphasia |
The inability to communicate through speech, writing, or signs due to injury or disease that has affected certain areas of the brain.
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Analgesia |
Without sensitivity to pain |
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Ataxia |
Without muscular coordination |
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Thalamus |
The part of the brain that receives all the sensory stimuli and relays them to the cerebral cortex. |
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Stimulus |
Any agent or factor capable of initiating a nerve impulse. |
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Synapse |
Any agent or factor capable of initiating a nerve impulse |
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Synapse |
The space between the end of one nerve and the beginning of another, through which nerve impulses are transmitted. |
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Aneurysm |
A localized dilatation in the wall of an artery that expands with each pulsation of the artery; usually caused by HTN or atherosclerosis. |
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Craniotomy |
A surgical incision into the cranium or skull. |
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Coma |
A deep sleep in which the individual cannot be rouse and does not respond to external stimuli. |
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Abbreviations ALS CSF EEG EMG LP TIA CVA PET |
Amytrophic lateral sclerosis Cerebrospinal fluid Electroencephalogram Electromyography Lumbar puncture Transient ischemic attack Cerebrovascular accident Positron emission tomography |
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CNS |
This subdivision of the nervous system is reponsible for processing and storing sensory and motor information. |
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PNS |
This subdivision of the nervous system is responsible for transmitting sensory and motor impulses back and forth between the rest of the body and the central nervous system. |
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Afferent nerves |
These are sensory nerves which carry impulses from the body to the CNS |
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Efferent nerves |
These are motor nerves which carry impulses from the CNS to the muscles and glands causing target organs to do something in response to the command received |
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Somatic nervous system |
This part of the PNS provides voluntary control over skeletal muscle contractions. |
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Autonomic nervous system |
This part of the PNS provides involuntary control over smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and glandular activity and secretions in response to the commands of the CNS. |
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Sympathetic nerves |
These nerves regular essential involuntary bodily functions such as increasing heart rate, constricting blood vessels and increasing BP |
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Parasympathetic nerves |
These nerves regular essential involuntary bodily functions such as slowing the heart rate, increasing the peristalsis of the intestines and relaxing sphincters. |
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Word elements -paresis encephal/o -phasia kinesi/o -lexia -praxia -asthenia crani/o |
partial paralysis brain speech movement reading perform loss of strength; weakness skull, cranium |
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Demyelination |
Destruction or removal of the myelin sheath that covers a nerve or nerve fiber. |
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Neuritis |
Inflammation of a nerve |
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Paresthesia |
A sensation of numbness or tingling |
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Syncope |
Fainting |
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Cerebral palsy |
A collective term used to describe congenital brain damage that is permanent but not progressive. Characterized by the child's lack of control of voluntary muscles. |
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CT |
The analysis of a three dimensional view of brain tissue obtained as X-ray beams pass through successive horizontal layers of the brain. |
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Laminectomy |
Surgical removal of the bony arches from one or more of the vertebrae to relive pressure from the spinal cord. |
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Alzheimer's disease |
Deterioration of a person's intellectual functioning; this disease is progressive and extremely debilitating. |
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Bradykinesia |
Abnormally slow movement |
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Burr hole |
A hole drilled into the skull using a form of drill. |
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Optometrist |
A doctor who is responsible for examination of the eye and related structures to determine vision problems and if needed to prescribe lenses or optical aids. |
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Chalazion |
A cyst or nodule on the eyelid, resulting from an obstruction of a meibomian gland (the gland responsible for lubricating the margin of the eyelid) |
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Ophthalmologist |
A medical doctor who specializes in the comprehensive care of the eyes and visual system in the prevention and treatment of eye disease. |
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-opia |
A word element that means visual condition |
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Photophobia |
Abnormal sensitivity to light, especially by the eyes. |
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Blepharitis |
An eye condition characterized by acute or chronic inflammation of the eyelid margins |
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Stye |
Bacterial infection of an eyelash follicle or sebaceous gland. Characterized by redness, swelling, and mild tenderness in the margin of the eyelash. |
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Cone nerve cells in the retina that are responsible for visualizing colors, central vision and vision in bright light. T/F |
True |
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Extra-capsular cataract extraction is the removal of an: |
anterior segment of the lens capsule along with the lens |
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Glaucoma is the term used to describe a group of ocular disorders caused by the increased in intraocular pressure, which causes damage to the optic nerve. T/F |
True |
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Anisocoria |
Inequality of the diameter of the pupils of the eye |
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Nystagmus |
Involuntary, rhythmic jerking of the eye |
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A form of laser vision correction for myopia. |
LASIK laser in situ keratomileusis |
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Blepharospasm |
Twitching of the eyelid muslces |
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Conjunctivitis |
Inflammation of the mucous membrane that lines the anterior part of the eye and the inner part of the eyelid. |
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Aphakia |
Absence of the lens of the eye |
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Hemianopia |
Loss of vision in one half of the visual field |
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Belpharoptosis |
Drooping of the upper eyelid |
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Palpebr/o |
Pertaining to the eyelid |
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Uveitis |
Inflammation of the iris, ciliary body, and choroid |
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Aqueous humor |
Clear, watery fluid in the anterior cavity |
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Hyperopia |
Farsighted |
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Vitreous humor |
Jelly-like substance in the posterior cavity; gives shape to the eye |
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Myopia |
Nearsighted |
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Retina |
Changes energy of the light rays into nerve impulses |
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Emmetropia |
Normal vision |
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Retraction |
Ability to produce a clear image by bending light rays |
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Presbyopia |
Loss of accommodation due to aging. |
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Esotropia |
Ones eye turns inward- crosseye |
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Phacoemulsification |
Removing a lens by using US vibrations to split up the lens material. |
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Word element for iris |
irid/o |
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What gland is located at the upper outer edge of each eye that produces tears |
Lacrimal
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Word element for eyelid
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blephar/o |
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Word element for cornea |
kerat/o |
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Retinal detachment |
The partial or complete splitting away of the retina from the pigmented vascular layer (choroid), interrupting vascular supply and thus creating a medical emergency. |
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Diabetic retinopathy |
This condition occurs as a consequence of long-term or poorly controlled DM in which the tissues of the retina experience scarring. |
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When the lens of the eye becomes progressively cloudy, losing it's normal transparency. |
Cataract |
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When a person's eye(s) turn outward (walleye) |
Exotropia |
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The term for the inversion of an eyelid |
Entropion |
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The term for the eversion of an eyelid |
Ectropion |
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Seeing double/ having double vision |
Ambiopia Diplopia |
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Abbreviations Right eye Ocular sinister Dilated oculus uterque |
OD OS OU |
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Abbreviation Accommodation Extraocular movement Intraocular pressure Pupils equal; round, react to light and accommodation Pupils equal and reactive to light |
Acc EOM IOP PERRLA PEARL |
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The tough, white outer covering that surrounds the eyeball except at the front of the ey |
Sclera |
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Labyrinth/o |
Inner ear |
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-myring/o |
Eardrum |
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Abbreviations AD AS AU EENT TM BOM |
Right ear Left ear Each ear Ears, eyes, nose and throat Tympanic membrane Bilateral otitis media |
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Otalgia |
Ear pain |
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The inner ear includes what three bony fluid- filled loops that assist in balance |
semicircular canals
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The true organ of hearing |
organ of Corti |
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This structure connects the middle ear to the pharynx |
Eustachian tube |
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The three auditory ossicles (tiny bones) of the middle ear |
Malleus Incus Stapes |
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Modified sweat glands, that produce ear wax |
Ceruminous |
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Aural |
Pertaining to the ear |
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The process of measuring how well and individual hears various frequencies of sound |
Audiometry |
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Otoscopy |
Using a tool to examine the outer ear and eardrum |
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Presbycusis |
Hearing loss due to aging |
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Tinnitus |
Ringing in the ears |
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Tympanoplasty |
Surgical repair of the eardrum |
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Vertigo |
Sensation of spinning; disturbance of equilibrium |
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Pertaining to the sound or hearing |
Acoustic
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Conductive deafness |
Deafness; due to breakdown of the transmission of sound waves |
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Otosclerosis |
The stapes becomes secured to the oval window |
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Abbreviations SOM AOM |
Serous otitis media Acute otitis media |
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Word elements meaning ear |
aur/o ot/o auricul/o |
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Word elements meaning hearing |
audit/o audi/o acous/o |
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Sensoineural deafness |
Hearing loss caused by inability of nerve stimuli to be delivered to the brain from the inner ear |
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Labyrinthitis |
Infection or inflammation of the labyrinth or inner ear. The primary symptom of this condition is severe vertigo. |
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Mastoiditis |
Inflammation of the mastoid process usually caused by an acute expansion of an infection in the middle ear (otitis media) |
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Meniere's disease |
Chronic inner ear disease in which there is an over-accumulation of fluid in the labyrinth (inner ear) |
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Perforation of the tympanic membrane |
Rupture of the eardrum |
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Audiologist |
The health professional who specializes in the study of hearing and the causes of hearing loss. |
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The location on one ear on each side of the produces ....? |
binaural hearing |
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Vagina |
Muscular tube that connects the uterus with the vulva.` |
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Ovary |
One of a pair of female gonads responsible for producing mature ova and releasing them at monthly intervals called ovulation. |
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Fundus |
Dome shaped central, upper portion of the uterus between the points of insertion of the fallopian tubes. |
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Cervix |
Neck of the uterus |
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Embryo |
The term used for the product of conception from week two through week eight of development. |
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Fetus |
The term used to identity the developing baby from approximately week nine through birth. |
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Gestational period |
The period of intrauterine development of the fetus from conception to birth. |
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Dilation |
The enlargement of the diameter of the cervix during labor. |
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Word elements arche gynec/o mamm/o men/o my/o oophor/o ov/o salping/o uter/o vagin/o |
Beginning Woman Breast Menstruation Muscle Ovary Ovum, egg Fallopian tube Uterus Vagina |
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Obstetrical word elements amni/o ante- -gravida nat/o nulli- -para -tocia |
Amnion Before; in front Pregnancy Birth None To bear Labor |
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Amenorrhea |
Absence of menstrual flow |
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Dysmenorrhea |
Painful menstrual flow |
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Menorrhagia |
Abnormally long or heavy menstrual periods |
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Metrorrhagia |
Uterine bleeding at times other than the menstrual period |
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Oligomenorrhea |
Abnormally light or infrequent menstruation |
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Mons pubis |
The fatty tissue that covers and cushions the symphysis pubis |
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Hymen |
A thin layer of elastic, connective tissue membrane that forms a border around the outer opening of the vagina and may partially cover the vaginal opening. |
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Perineum |
The area between the vaginal orifice and the anus |
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Clitoris |
The vaginal erectile tissue (structure) corresponding to the male penis |
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Adipose tissue |
Fatty tissue |
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Glandular tissue |
Central portion of the breast contains this tissue type that radiates outward around the nipple |
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Lactiferous ducts |
Narrow tubular structures milk travels through during lactation. |
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Areola |
Darker pigmented area surrounding the nipple |
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Cystocele |
Herniation or downward protrusion of the urinary bladder through the wall of the vagina |
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Abruptio placenta |
Premature separation of the placenta from the uterine wall |
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Multipara |
A woman who has given birth two or more times after 20 weeks of gestation |
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Primigravida |
A woman who is pregnant for the first time |
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Cerclage |
Suturing the cervix to keep it from dilating prematurely during pregnancy |
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Vulva |
The external genitalia including the mons pubis, labia majora, clitoris, labia minor, urinary meatus, vaginal orifice, Bartholin's glands, and the perineum; also known as the pudendum |
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Pelvimetry |
The process of measuring the female pelvis, manually or by X-ray, to determine its adequacy for childbearing |
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Cryosurgery |
The destruction of tissue by rapid freezing with substances such as liquid nitrogen |
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Papanicolau smear Pap smear |
A microscopic examination of cells scraped from within the cervix (endocervix), from around the cervix (ectocervix), and from the posterior part of the vagina (near the cervix) to test for cervical CA |
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Effacement |
Thinning of the cervix which allows it to enlarge to the diameter of the opening for childbirth |
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Culdocentesis |
The surgical puncture through the posterior wall of the vagina into the cul-de-sac withdraw intraperitoneal fluid for examination |
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Dilation and curettage |
Dilation or widening of the cervical canal with a dilator, followed by scraping of the uterine lining with a curet |
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Mammography |
The process of x-raying the soft tissue of the breast for the purpose of detecting various benign and/or malignant growths before they can be felt |
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Placenta previa |
A condition of pregnancy in which the placenta is implanted in the lower part of the uterus and precedes the fetus during the birthing process |
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Leiomyoma |
A benign, smooth muscle tumor of the uterus |
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Amniocentesis |
A surgical puncture of of the amniotic sac for purpose of withdrawing amniotic fluid |
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Endometriosis |
The presence and growth of endometrial tissue in areas outside the endometrium (lining of the uterus) |
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Pelvic inflammatory disease |
Infection of the fallopian tubes (also called salpingitis) abbreviation is PID |
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Braxton hicks |
Mild, irregular contractions that occur throughout pregnancy and sometimes mistaken for true labor |
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Menopause |
The permanent cessation of the menstrual cycle, typically relates to age |
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Laparoscopy |
The process of viewing the abdominal cavity with a thin walled flexible tube with a telescopic lens and light |
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Puberty |
The period of life at which the ability to reproduce begins; in the female, it is the period when the female reproductive organs are fully developed |
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Gynecology |
The medical specialty that deals with diseases and disorders of the female reproductive system |
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Pregnancy |
The period of intrauterine development of the fetus from conception through birth |
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Lact/o |
Milk |
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Fundus |
The superior aspect of the uterus |
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-cyesis OR -gravida |
Pregnancy |
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Cesarean section |
A surgical procedure in which the abdomen and uterus are incised and a bay is delivered transabdominally. |
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Nasogastric intubation |
The medical term for the placement of a tube through the nose into the stomach |
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Dyspepsia |
A vague feeling of epigastric discomfort after eating (inc fullness, heartburn, bloating and nausea) |
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Melena |
An abnormal black, tarry stool containing digested blood |
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Absorption |
Passage of digested food molecules into intestinal cells |
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Adhesions |
Fibrous bands, scar tissue, which form in the abdominal cavity and bind tissues and organs together or to the abdominal cavity |
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Esophageal varices |
Swollen, twisted veins located in the distal end of the esophagus |
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GERD stands for... |
Gastroesophageal reflux disease |
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Eructation |
Belching or burping |
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Colostomy |
The surgical creation of a new opening on the abdominal wall through which the feces will be expelled by bringing the incised colon out to the abdominal surface. |
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Peristalsis |
The coordinated, rhythmic, serial contraction of smooth muscle that forces food through the digestive tract. |
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Three parts of the small intestine |
1. Duodenum 2. Jejunum 3. Ileum |
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Four parts of the large intestine |
1. Ascending 2. Transverse 3. Descending 4. Sigmoid colon |
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Herniorrhaphy |
Surgical repair of a hernia |
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Lavage |
Process of irrigating (washing out) an organ for therapeutic purposes |
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Peptic ulcers |
A break in the mucous membrane lining as a result of hyperacidity or the presence of the bacteria H. pylori. |
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Anal fistula. |
An abnormal passageway in the skin near the anus. |
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Ascites |
Abnormal accumulation of fluid in the peritoneal cavity. |
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Barium swallow |
Oral administration of radiopaque contrast medium to view the upper digestive tract. |
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Borborygmus |
Audible sound of the abdominal cavity produced by hyperactive peristalsis |
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Crohn's disease |
Digestive inflammation causing fever, cramping, diarrhea, weight loss, and anorexia |
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Emaciation |
Excessive leanness caused by disease or lack of nutrition. |
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Irritable bowel syndrom |
Increased motility of the small and/or large intestine with abdominal pain, flatulence, nausea, anorexia and the trapping of gas throughout the intestine |
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Extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy |
Using US to crush gallstones |
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Jaundice |
Yellow discoloration of the skin, mucous membranes and sclera |
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Cardiac sphincter |
The muscular ring in the stomach that controls the passage of food from the esophagus to the stomach |
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Chyme |
The liquid-like material of partially digested food and digestive secretions found in the stomach just before it is released into the duodenum. |
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Intussusception |
Telescoping of a part of the intestine into another portion of the intestie |
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Word elements cholecyst/o bucc/o cheil/o col/o duoden/o enter/o gloss/o celi/o |
Gallbladder Cheek Lips Colon Duodenum Intestine Tongue Pertaining to the abdomen |
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Word elements hepat/o cirrh/o lapar/o dent/o gingiv/o -phagia -pepsia proct/o |
Liver Yellow or tawny Abdominal wall Tooth Gums To eat State of digestion Anus and/or rectum |
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Dysentery |
Painful intestinal inflammation typically caused by ingesting water or food containing bacteria or parasites |
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Hernia |
An irregular protrusion of tissue or organ through an abnormal break in the muscular wall |
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Hirschsprung's disease |
Absence at birth of the autonomic ganglia in a segment of the intestinal smooth muscle that normally stimulates peristalsis |
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Volvulus |
A rotation of loops of the bowel causing twisting on itself. |
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Celiac disease |
Nutrient malabsorption due to damaged small bowel mucosa |
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Aphagia |
The loss of the ability to swallow |
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Bile |
A bitter, yellow-green secretion of the liver |
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Amylase |
An enzyme that breaks down starch into smaller carbohydrate molecules |
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Abbreviations IBS LFT CT NPO N & V HCL |
Irritable bowel syndrome Liver function test Computed tomography nil per os; nothing by mouth Nausea and vomiting Hydrochloric acid |
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Pyelonephritis |
A bacterial infection of the renal pelvis |
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Chancre |
A skin lesion caused by syphilis |
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Circumcision |
A surgical procedure in which the foreskin of the penis is removed |
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Epididymis |
A tightly coiled tubule that resembles a comma; houses sperm until they mature |
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Phimosis |
A tightness of the foreskin of the penis that prevents it from being pulled back |
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Cryptorchidism |
An undescended testicle |
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Azotemia |
Excessive amounts of waste products in the blood caused by failure in the kidney's |
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Hypospadias |
Urethra opens on the underside of the penis |
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Epispadias |
Urethra opens on the upper side of the penis |
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Hyronephrosis |
Distension of the pelvis and calyces of the kidney caused by urine that cannot flow past an obstruction in the ureter. |
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Balanitis |
Inflammation of the glans penis |
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Cystitis |
Inflammation of the urinary bladder |
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Word elements cyst/o glomerul/o pyel/o ureter/o ur/o |
Bladder, sac, cyst Glomerulus Renal pelvis Ureter Urine |
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vesic/o urethr/o meat/o nephro/o -uria |
Urinary bladder Urethra Meatus Kidney Urine condition |
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Micturition |
The act of eliminating urine from the bladder |
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Ureter |
The tubes that carry urine from the kidney's to the bladder |
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Urethra |
The structure that drains urine from the bladder to the outside of the body |
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Orchidopexy |
A surgical fixation of a testicle (treats crytorchidism) |
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Calyx |
The cup-shaped division of the renal pelvis through which urine passes from the renal tubules |
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Calculus |
An abnormal stone formed in the body tissue by an accumulation of mineral salts |
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TURP |
Removal of a portion of the prostate gland |
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Abbreviations BUN ESRD ESWL IVP KUB ARF UTI |
Blood urea nitrogen End stage renal disease Extracorporeal shock wave lithrotripsy Intravenous pyelogram Kidney, ureter, bladder Acute renal failure Urinary tract infection |
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Prepuce |
Another name for foreskin |
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Oliguria |
Secretion of a diminished amount of urine in relation to the fluid intake (scanty urine output) |
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Specific Gravity |
Weight of a substance compared to equal volume of water |
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Orchidectomy |
Surgical removal of a testicle |
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Anorchism |
The absence of one or both of the testicles |
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Hemodialysis |
The process of removing excess fluids and toxins from the blood by continually shunting the patient's blood from the body into a machine for filtering and then returning the clean blood to the patient's blood stream |
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Abbreviations BPH GC GU STS TURP |
Benign prostatic hypertrophy Gonorrhea Genitourinary Serological test for syphilis Transurethral resection of the prostate gland |
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Enuresis |
Urinary incontinence (bedwetting) |
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Nocturia |
Urinating at night |
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Tetany |
A condition characterized by severe cramping a twitching of the muscles and sharp flexion of the wrist and ankle joints; a complication of hypocalcemia |
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Addison's disease |
A life threatening disease process that occurs due to the failure of the adrenal cortex to secrete adequate mineralcorticoids and glucocorticoids |
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Ketoacidosis |
Acidosis caused by an accumulation of ketone bodies in the body; faulty carbohydrate metabolism |
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Cushing's Syndrome |
Disorder of the adrenal gland that results int he increased release of cortisol or ACTH |
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Hyperkalemia |
Elevated potassium levels in the blood |
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Gigantism |
Excessive size and height due to over-secretion of the pituitary gland before puberty |
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Metabolism |
The sum of all physical and chemical processes that take place within the body |
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Diabetes Mellitus |
Form of diabetes where the islets of Langerhans fail to produce an adequate amount of insulin |
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Goiter |
Hyperplasia of the thyroid gland |
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Graves Disease |
Hypertrophy of the thyroid gland resulting in excessive secretion of the thyroid hormone; characterized by bulging eyeballs |
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Hypocalcemia |
Less than normal calcium level in the blood |
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Growth Hormone (GH) |
Regulates the growth of bone, muscle, and other body tissues |
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Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH) |
Promotes the normal growth and development of the thyroid gland and the thyroid hormones |
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Lactogenic Hormone (LTH) |
Promotes the development of the breasts during pregnancy; also known as prolactin |
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Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH) |
Stimulates the secretion of estrogen for the production of eggs and testosterone for the production of sperm |
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Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH) |
Decreases the excretion of urine from the body by increasing the absorption of water |
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Oxytocin (OT) |
Stimulates contractions of the uterus during childbirth and the release of milk from the breasts |
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Pituitary Gland |
Secretes hormones that control the functions of other glands; also known as the hypophysis |
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Glucose tolerance test |
Test evaluates a person's ability to tolerate a concentrated oral glucose load by measuring levels prior to, 30 mins after, 1 hour after, 2 hours after and 3 hours after glucose administration |
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Polydipsia |
Excessive thirst |
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Dwarfism |
Generalized growth retardation of the body due to a deficiency of human growth hormone |
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Hypokalemia, hypocalcemia, and hyponatremia are all conditions in which less than normal minerals can be found in the blood T/F |
True |
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Abbreviations ACTH ADH Ca DI DM FBS GTT K Na |
Adrenocorticotropic hormone Antidiuretic hormone Calcium Diabetes insipidus Diabetes mellitus Fasting blood sugar Glucose tolerance test Potassium Sodium |
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Diabetes insipidus |
A disorder of the pituitary gland, this type of diabetes characterized by extreme polydipsia and polyuria |
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Virilism, the development of masculine traits in the female, also known as hirsutism T/F |
False |
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Word elements acr/o aden/o adren/o -crine dis/o |
Extremities Gland Adrenal Gland Secrete Thirst |
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glyc/o kal/i lact/o natr/o oxy- |
Sugar Potassium Milk Sodium Sharp/ quick |
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Gonads |
The sex gland in either a male or female |
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Glands |
A group of cells that produce and secrete chemicals in the body. In the endocrine system, these are ductless, secreting hormones directly into the blood stream |
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Exocrine gland |
These are a type of gland that release their secretions through ducts. Ex: sweat glands in the skin and salivary glands in the mouth |
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Thymus |
This gland stimulates production of T cells, an important cell group in the immune system |
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Pancreas |
This gland is the location of the Islets of Langerhans and is responsible for the secretion of insuiln |
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Adrenal glands |
These glands secrete epinephrine and norepinephrine both sympathiomimetric agents |
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Hormones |
These products of the endocrine system are the body's chemical messengers |
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Glucose |
The simplest sugar in the body |
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Glucagon |
A hormone secreted by the Islets of Langerhans of the pancreas that stimulates the liver to convert glycogen to glucose |
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Insulin |
A hormone secreted by the Islets of Langerhans of the pancreas that regulates blood sugar |
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Epinephrine |
A hormone produced by the adrenal medulla that plays an important role in the body's response to stress by increasing the heart rate, dilating the bronchioles and releasing glucose inot the blood stream |
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DM |
A disorder of the pancreas in which the beta cells of the Islets of Langerhans of the pancreas fail to produce an adequate amount of insulin |
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DM Type I
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A disorder of the pancreas in which the beta cells of the Islets of Langerhans of the pancreas fail to produce and adequate amount of insulin which cannot be controlled with lifestyle, diet and exercise |
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Hashimoto's |
Chronic inflammation of the thyroid gland, leading to enlargement of the thyroid gland |
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Acromegaly |
Chronic metabolic condition characterized by gradual, noticeable enlargement and elongation of the bones of the face, jaw, and extremities. |
