Final Exam

Front 1

Which of the following is NOT a key characteristic of “life”?

Back 1

Inability to change

Front 2

Which of the following DO NOT depend directly on sunlight for energy?

Back 2

animal consumers

decomposers

Front 3

The DNA molecule is most similar functionally to a

Back 3

computer memory chip

Front 4

Which of the following groups are made up of almost exclusively decomposers?

Back 4

Fungi

Front 5

Which represents the highest degree of certainty?

Back 5

theory

Front 6

The atomic number refers to the

Back 6

number of protons in an atom.

Front 7

The nucleus of an atom contains

Back 7

neutrons and protons.

Front 8

A molecule is

Back 8

a combination of 2 or more atoms.

Front 9

Which of these statements is FALSE concerning covalent bonds

Back 9

In polar covalent bonds, electrons are sharedequally.

Front 10

The solvent, cohesive, and temperature stabilization properties of water are due to its

Back 10

hydrogen bonds

Front 11

Glycogen is a polysaccharide used for energy storage by

Back 11

animals

Front 12

In the figure above, the honeycomb on which the bee is standing, is made up primarily of which of the following

Back 12

lipids

Front 13

Cholesterol

Back 13

is the most common steroid in animal tissue

Front 14

lipids

Back 14

include fats consisting of one fatty-acidmolecule and three glycerol molecules.

Front 15

Denaturation of proteins may result in all of the following EXCEPT

Back 15

removal of R groups from amino acids.

Front 16

When a molecule is incorrectly matches with its monomer?

Back 16

1. Protein; amino acids.

Front 17

The first person acknowledged to have seen living, moving cells by using a microscope was

Back 17

Anton van Leeuwenhoek

Front 18

This organelle is the site of polypeptide assembly

Back 18

Ribosome

Front 19

The cellular digestion and disposal of biological molecules occurs inside this organelle.

Back 19

Lysosome

Front 20

Aerobic respiration occurs in this organelle.

Back 20

Mitochondrion

Front 21

RNA carries out the genetic code translation process in association with ribosomeson this organelle

Back 21

Endoplasmic reticulum

Front 22

The packaging of secretory proteins occurs in association with this structure.

Back 22

Golgi body

Front 23

This organelle is involved in lipid production and protein transport.

Back 23

Endoplasmic reticulum

Front 24

Proteins are synthesized on this tiny, two-part organelle

Back 24

Ribosome

Front 25

Sugar metabolism occurs in association with this organelle

Back 25

Mitochondrion

Front 26

DNA synthesis occurs in the nucleus. Its breakdown can occur in this organelle.

Back 26

Lysosome

Front 27

Endergonic reactions

Back 27

require a net input of energy

Front 28

Which of the following is not true of enzyme behavior?

Back 28

Enzymeactivity is not affected by pH and temperature.

Front 29

Chlorophyll does not absorb which color of light?

Back 29

Green

Front 30

Actual assembly of sugars during photosynthesis

Back 30

does all of these.

Front 31

The light-independent reactions of photosynthesis

Back 31

fix carbon dioxide

Front 32

For glycolysis to begin,

Back 32

there must be an input of energy from ATP

Front 33

When glucose is used as the energy source,

Back 33

the largest amount of ATP is produced in electrontransfer phosphorylation.

Front 34

Bakers use alcoholic fermentation to

Back 34

produce carbon dioxide

Front 35

discovered that DNA-digesting enzymes prevented bacterial transformation.

Back 35

Avery

Front 36

provided 2 important clues to the structure of DNA; one clue is that A=T and that the other is that C=G.

Back 36

Chargaff

Front 37

obtained excellent X-ray diffraction photographs that suggested that DNA was a long,thin molecule with regularly repeating units.

Back 37

Franklin

Front 38

discovered that the hereditary system of one strain of bacteria could be transformed by the hereditary system from another strain of bacteria.

Back 38

Griffith

Front 39

the first to demonstrate, through the use of radioactive isotopes, that DNA, not protein,is the genetic material.

Back 39

Hershey and Chase

Front 40

discovered the structure of collagen.

Back 40

Pauling

Front 41

first to discover DNA and isolate it from fish sperm.

Back 41

Miescher

Front 42

the first to build an accurate model of DNA and describe it explicitly in a publication

Back 42

Watson and Crick

Front 43

joins DNA segments on the discontinuous strand

Back 43

DNA ligase

Front 44

required in order to initiate DNA synthesis

Back 44

Primer

Front 45

breaks hydrogen bonds between DNA strands.

Back 45

DNA helicase

Front 46

untwists thedouble helix

Back 46

Topoisomerase

Front 47

joins free nucleotides into a new strand of DNA

Back 47

DNA polymerase

Front 48

A linear stretch of DNA that specifies the sequence of amino acids in apolypeptide is called a

Back 48

gene

Front 49

The form of RNA that carries the code from DNA to the site of protein assembly is called

Back 49

messenger RNA

Front 50

Before messenger RNA is mature

Back 50

a cap and tail are provided

Front 51

If the DNA triplets are ATG-CGT, the mRNA codons are

Back 51

UAC-GCA

Front 52

Which of the following carries amino acids to ribosomes, where amino acids are linked into the primary structure of a polypeptide?

Back 52

tRNA

Front 53

Differentiation is the process by which cells

Back 53

become specialized by turning on some genes andturning off others.

Front 54

Adding acetyl groups makes genes accessible to transcription by

Back 54

making histones loosen their grip on the DNAmolecule

Front 55

In knockout experiments,

Back 55

genes are mutated or deleted to prevent theirtranscription or translation

Front 56

a condensed X chromosome

Back 56

Barr body

Front 57

protein that combines with DNA all along its length

Back 57

Histone

Front 58

portion of the operon that binds RNA polymerase

Back 58

Promoter

Front 59

genes controlling the development of the body plan

Back 59

Homeotic genes

Front 60

gene capable of including cancerous transformations

Back 60

Oncogene

Front 61

the mutated form is associated with breast cancer

Back 61

BRCA1

Front 62

binding sites on DNA where certain regulatory proteins increase transcription rates

Back 62

Enhancer

Front 63

attaches or detaches from operator to regulate transcription

Back 63

Repressor protein

Front 64

Period when DNA is duplicated

Back 64

S

Front 65

Last part of interphase in the parent cell (i.e. when the cell is no longer in interphase)

Back 65

mitosis

Front 66

Event that forms 2 daughter cytoplasmic

Back 66

cytokinesis

Front 67

Period of cell growth before DNA duplication

Back 67

G1

Front 68

Period after DNA is duplicated

Back 68

G2

Front 69

Period of nuclear division

Back 69

mitosis

Front 70

Period when interphase beings in a daughter cell

Back 70

G1

Front 71

Period commonly followed by cytokinesis

Back 71

mitosis

Front 72

Period in which metaphase occurs

Back 72

mitosis

Front 73

Period prior to mitosis

Back 73

G2

Front 74

Homologous pairs of chromosomes line up on the equatorial plate

Back 74

metaphase

Front 75

Chromosomes replicate

Back 75

interphase

Front 76

Genes replicate

Back 76

interphase

Front 77

DNA replicates

Back 77

interphase

Front 78

Condensation and shortening of chromosomes occurs

Back 78

prophase

Front 79

Spindle fibers first appear

Back 79

prophase

Front 80

Centromeres break apart as the separated sister chromatids begin to move to separate poles

Back 80

anaphase

Front 81

The microtubular spindle develops

Back 81

prophase

Front 82

Sister chromatids joined at their centromeres are attached to spindle fibers

Back 82

prophase

Front 83

Cytokinesis occurs after this phase of mitosis

Back 83

telophase

Front 84

Daughter nuclear membranes form

Back 84

telophase

Front 85

The essence of meiosis is that

Back 85

each gamete receives one member of each pair ofhomologous chromosomes, and haploid gametes are formed

Front 86

The figure below represents

Back 86

both maternal and paternal chromosomes

Front 87

Various forms of a single gene at a given locus are called

Back 87

alleles

Front 88

The most accurate description of an organism with genotype AaBb is

Back 88

heterozygous

Front 89

Genes at one locus that affect the expression of genes at a different locus are saidto be

Back 89

epistatic

Front 90

Pleiotropic genes

Back 90

influence more than one aspect of phenotype

Front 91

In the classic argument of ‘nature vs. nurture’, nature would most correspond with

Back 91

genes

Front 92

Which eye color has the gene combination to deposit the most melanin in the iris?

Back 92

Brown

Front 93

The Punnett square illustration above shows that theoretically

Back 93

all of these are true.

Front 94

An X-linked carrier is a

Back 94

heterozygous female

Front 95

A woman heterozygous for color blindness (an X-linked recessive allele) marries a man with normal color vision. What is the probability that their first child will be color blind?

Back 95

25%

Front 96

Restriction enzymes cut double-stranded DNA at a specific base sequence

Back 96

and produce fragments to 4-8 base pairs inlength

Front 97

In order for DNA molecules to undergo recombination

Back 97

they must be cut and spliced at specificnucleotide sequences

Front 98

One of the first successful applications of genetic engineering was the commercial production of

Back 98

insulin

Front 99

Gene therapy

Back 99

is a genetic engineering technique that replacesdefective alleles with normal ones