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55 Cards in this Set
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Sui Reunification |
When: 589 CE (Sui Dynasty) What: Conquering of South China by Sui S1: Led to the destruction of Southern Capital S2: Marked the end of Southern Independence |
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Tang Taizong |
When: 626-649 (Tang Dynasty) What: Most outstanding/capable emperor S1: His reign was a time of peak Chinese political military and political power S2: Led to an exceptionally glorious cosmopolitanism |
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Yang Guifei |
When: 750s (Tang Dynasty)
What: Consort at the imperial court, bestowed favour on An Lushan S1: Led to An Lushan's rebellion S2: Caused to political weakening and destabilization of the Tang dynasty |
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Wu Zetian |
When: 625-705 (Tang Dynasty) What: Female progenitor of the Zhou Dynasty S1: Only woman to ever officially be "emperor" S2: Re-established Tang Dynasty in her old age |
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Han Yu |
When: 768-824 (Tang Dynasty) What: Fabricated a new version of the "Orthodox Transmission" S1: Prefigure for Neo-Conficianism, writings set the stage S2: Cemented in place a vision of a Unitary China |
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Tan Xuanzong |
When: 713-756 (Tang Dynasty) What: Tang emperor, reign is notable for the poets it created. Ended with An Lushan's rebellion, assisted by his concubine S1: Led a period of cultural and economic growth, "golden age" S2: Overthrowing marks the end of centralized Tang imperial authority |
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Chan (Zen) Buddhism |
When: End of Tang, Song (960-1279) What: Mainstream Chinese buddhism, puts meditation as the most important part S1: Shows cultural integration of Buddhism into Chinese culture S2: Syncretism with Dao allows for Buddhism to be widely accepted and spread throughout East Asia |
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Tibetan Empire |
When: 665 CE (Tang Dynasty) What: Empire of united Tibetan tribes, overtook Tang-dominated Xinjiang S1: Presented the Tang with a formidable rival S2: Led to the battle between Tang and Arab forces, which marks the rise of Islam in Central Asia |
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Dao Tong ("Transmission of the Way") |
When: Song Dynasty What: Writings of Han Yu and Li Ao S1: Fabricated the orthodox transmission of the Confucian Way that begins with the Sage Kings S2: Helped cement in place a vision of unified China |
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Regime of Codes |
When: 701 (Nara Period) What: Administration of Japanese empre through Chinese-style penal/administrative law codes S1: Leads to introduction of various essential government responsibilities S2: Marks the unification of Japanese emprire |
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Fujiwara Family |
When: Nara period What: Family founded during the Taika coup, gained power by intermarrying into the imperial family S1: Dominated the imperial court for 200 years S2: Evidence of the waning power of emperors and the rising power of the nobility |
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Heian-kyo |
When: 794-1185 (Early Heian) What: Capital city of the Early Heian, later known as "Kyoto" S1: Became the capital centre of Japan for over 1000 years S2: Move from Nara shows the sweeping influence of Buddhism within society |
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Tale of Genji |
When: 1008 (Heian Period) What: Full length-prose novel about a prince, by Lady Murasaki S1: Provides valuable insight into the refined aesthetic taste of Heian court life S2: Representative of a genre of literature that was a way for secluded Heian women to entertain themseves |
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Kana/Hiragana |
When: 10th C (Heian period) What: Syllabic Informal script largely used by woman in literature and poetry S1: Forever altered the Japanese language, used in tandem with original Chinese script S2: Provided a women to express and educate themselves |
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Nara |
When: 708 CE (Nara Period) What: Capital city of the newly centralized government S1: Strong buddhist influence led to the building of Todaiji, a historical and cultural treasure S2: Marks the full immersion of Zen Buddhism and Japanese culture |
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Shoen |
When: Late Heian Period What: Private landed estates, in which the owners give up their titles but continue to work the land and pay "taxes" to new owners S1: Tax free, undermined the power of the central government S2: Contributed to the rise of a local military class |
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Tale of Heike |
When: 13th C (Kamakura Period) What: A Japanese warrior tale telling the story of the Gempei war S1: One of the foundational classics of Japanese literature S2: Reflects the attitudes of the aristocratic class to the "loss of culture" |
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Gempei War |
When: 1180 - 1185 CE (Late Heian) What: The war between the Minamoto warriors of the East and the court-based, western Taira S1: Minamoto win signifies the start of the Minamoto family rule, and the beginning of Medieval Japan S2: Introduction of the first Shogun, ruling through diarchy |
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Minamoto Yoritomo |
When: 1157-1199 CE (Late Heian - Kamakura) What: Started the Gempei war, decided to stay in the East following his victory S1: First of a long line of Shoguns S2: Marks the movement from aristocracy to decentralization and military power |
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Taira Kiyomori |
When: 1118-1181 CE (Late Heian) What: Leader of the Taira family, positioned his family in control of the entire court S1: Held a stranglehold and cut off Japanese court from the countryside, contributing to later decentralization S2: Causes the Gempei war by trying to instigate a coup/letting Minamoto heirs survive |
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Kamakura Bafuku |
When: 1185-1333 CE (Kamakura) What:The military government established by Minamoto Yoritomo in Kamakura (east Japan) S1: Creates a diarchy in Japan S2: Contributes to the rising decline of centralized government |
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Bone-Rank System |
When: 500s CE (Started during Silla) What: The grading system of Sillan society into ranks S1: Central element of Sillan society, permeated all aspects of life S2: Inhibited social movement |
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Parhae |
When: 713-926 CE (Koryo) What: Partially Korean-influenced northern state, occupied by Khitans in 926 S1: Occupation locked Korea in a peninsula, and was used as a stepping-stone for Khitan invasion S2: Threat of Khitans was an incentive for Korean political and cultural consolidation |
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Wang Kon |
When: 877-943 CE (Koryo) What: Founder of the Koryo dynasty, known as King T'aejo S1: His rule emphasized Korea's uniqueness, helped achieve distance from China S2: Unified the Korean peninsula into a country for the first time |
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Ten Injunctions |
When: 900s CE (Koryo Dynasty) What: A forgery, claiming to be ten instructions left by king T'aejo S1: Reflects the circumstances in which they were actually written S2: Allow for a less powerful ruler (Hyongjang) to pass on his ideas |
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Khitan |
When: Liao Dynasty/Song Dynasty What: A militarily-superior nomadic people along the northern part of China S1: Invaded Koryo and forced it into a tributary nation-state S2: Developed their own writing system |
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United Silla |
When: 668-935 CE What: Unified Sillan peninsula, aristocratic and had a Chinese framework of gov. and society S1: Use of Chinese written language brought it into the East Asian cultural sphere S2: Increasing use of Korean language allowed for people to become distinctly Korean |
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Liao |
When: 907-1125 (Liao Dynasty) What: Khitan Dynasty in Northern China S1: Developed their own writing system S2: Invaded Koryo and forced them into a tributary nation |
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Jin |
When: 1115-1234 CE (Jin Dynasty) What: United Jurchen warriors who overran the Khitans and pushed Song further South S1: Invasion starts the Southern Song dynasty S2: Intermarrying with Chinese contributed to genetic and cultural ties, creates a legitimate Chinese dynasty |
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Medieval Economic Revolution |
When: Southern Song Dynasty What: Period in which China reaches its economic climax. Woodblock printing press is invented S1: Printing invention promoted a revolution in the availability of books and legal codes S2: Presence of book contributed to major social change in which written exams are introduced |
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Scholar-officials |
When: 960 CE (Song Dynasty) What: The most common and prestigious career path for Song men, held government office S1: Shaped Chinese society's emphasis on education and learning S2: Stabilized society by providing the appearance of fairness and opportunity |
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Footbinding |
When: Song Dynasty What: Practice of binding the feet of elite women to make them appear more attractive S1: Evidence of growing effeminate Song culture S2: Show the lessened social standing of Women due to introduction of Neo-Confucianism |
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Zhu Xi |
When: 1130-1200 CE (Song Dynasty) What: Main scholar of Neo-Confucianism, reinterpreted classics and provided commentary S1: Selected the four books that all of future Neo-Confucianism would centre around S2: Writings lead to a common-denominator of Confucian education in all of East Asia |
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Four Books |
When: Song Dynasty What: Confucian texts illustrating the core values and beliefs of Confucianism, selected by Zhu Xi S1: Provided moral grounds for Chinese culture and ethics S2: Became the core of education and testing in the civil service examinations |
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Chinggis Khan |
When: 1162-1227 CE What: United the Mongols, led a massive campaign in which he conquered most of Central Asia and started invasion of Southern Jin S1: Created the post-mail system S2: Invasions led to the eventual creation of the Yuan dynasty, played an essential role |
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Khubilai Khan |
When: 1215-1294 CE (Yuan Dynasty) What: Grandson of Chinggis Khan and emperor of the Yuan dynasty, ruled in a Chinese style S1: Created a distinct hierarchy in China, with mongols on top and Southern Chinese bottom S2: Regularized tax and labour services, reunifying China |
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Yuan |
When: 1271-1368 (Yuan Dynasty) What: Chinese-style Mongol dynasty established by Khubilai Khan, minor reinstitution of civil service exams S1: Limited use of exams led to diversification, increased painting and other art forms S2: Hereditary social classes limited social mobility |
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Levirate Marriage |
When: 1162 CE (Mongol Conquest, South Jin) What: Marriage form in Mongol society in which the brother of the deceased must marry his widow S1: Evidence of patrilineal Mongol society S2: Shows high Mongol mortality rate due to fighting, as ensures the man's line is passed on if he doesn't have children |
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Ashikaga Takauji |
When: 1333-1568 CE (Muromachi Period) What: Originally a Kamakura vassal, forcefully expels new emperor and chooses a new one, appoints himself Shogun S1: Established a new line of Shoguns and led to the Muromachi period S2: Created a growing urban commercial economy in Kyoto |
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Muromachi Shogunate |
When: 1333-1508 CE (Muromachi Period) What: Period that involves the reorganization of regional power around the constables/shugo and reinstitution of friendly relations with Ming S1: Reorganization of power leads to eventual uprising as constables gain power S2: Friendly Ming relations results in increased commercial prosperity |
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Constables (shugo) |
When: Muromachi Period What: Relatives of Ashikaga Takauji that were appointed as governors in Kyoto countryside, representatives of the Shogun S1: Became independent regional lords, gathering power and reducing that of the Shoguns S2: Led to the Onin War, in which half of Kyoto was leveled |
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Zen Buddhism |
When: 1185-1333 CE (Kamakura Period) What: Form of buddhism that is derived from Chan buddhism, emphasizes repetition of paradoxical phrases from the Koan S1: Evidence of the sweeping popularity of Chan Buddhism in East Asia S2: Established characteristically Japanese traits |
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Amidism |
When: Kamakura Period What: Aka Pure Land Buddhism, in which the only way to attain enlightenment was through faith in the Bodhisattva Amitabha S1: Show variations in the spread of Buddhism S2: Insight into the reactions of the lay/religious people to the violence of the Gempei war |
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Daimyo |
When: 1467 CE (Sengoku Period) What: New families that were former vassals of constables, warlords that dominated independent territories from fortified castles S1: Mark the complete decentralization of government authority S2: Led to the Warring States period |
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Oda Nobunaga |
When: 1534-1582 CE (Warring States Period) What: Ruthless general that took military control of Japan and ousted Ashikaga emperor S1: Managed to conquer most of Japan, starting a movement that would unite the warring daimyo S2: Hatred of Buddhism led to the destruction of the Tendai's priceless headquarters |
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Toyotomi Hideyoshi |
When: 1536-1598 CE (Sengoku Period) What: Oda's top lieutenant, completed unification of Japan and became regent S1: Implemented measures (sword, coins) to create social stability and demilitarization S2: Unsuccessful Korean invasion leads to destruction of the Korean peninsula |
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Yi Songgye |
When: 1392-1398 CE (Choson Dynasty) What: Military hero that went against orders and overthrew the King, establishing Choson dynasty S1: Enacted land forms/burned land registries, weakening power of the Koryo Great Families S2: Progenitor of an enduring dynasty |
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Han'gul |
When: 1446 CE (Choson Dynasty) What: The native Korean alphabet, entirely independent from Chinese S1: Marks a movement towards Korean independence S2: Serves as the current language in modern Korea |
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Admiral Yi Sunsin |
When: 1545-1598 CE (Choson Dynasty) What: Korean admiral that was involved in Japanese invasion of Korea S1: Devised 'turtle-ship', first of its kind S2: Victories were instrumental for Korean victory |
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Yangban |
When: Koryo Dynasty What: Korean aristocracy, first appears in the Koryo dynasty, military and civil officials S1: Top societal position meant they made most of the important military/government decisions S2: Division between civil/gov. lead to later social and political strife |
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Zhu Yuanzhang |
When: 1318-1398 CE (Ming Dynasty) What: Poor man from the peasant class that manages to drive Mongols from the capital, becomes emperor of Ming Dynasty S1: Laid down the foundations for an empire that emphasized agriculture over trade S2: Ming is known for its commercial prosperity and participation in international trade |
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Zheng He's Voyage |
When: 1405 CE (Ming Dynasty) What: Series of naval expeditions along the eastern Seaboard of Africa and into the Red Sea S1: Brought back many artifacts from foreign lands S2: A testament to the Ming dynasty's wealth and growing international trade |
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Yongle Emperor |
When: 1403-1425 CE (Ming Dynasty) What: The Third Ming emperor, stole the throne from his nephew S1: Accomplished important projects such as the rebuilding of the Great Canal, movement of capital to Beijing, and building of the Forbidden City S2: Contributed scholarly accomplishments such as the creation of dictionaries |
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Forbidden City |
When: 1406 CE (Ming Dynasty) What: Chinese imperial palace, commissioned by the Yongle Emperor. Construction took 14 years and 1 million workers S1: Housed 24 emperors, a major historical and cultural artifact S2: Served as the seat of the Ming Dynasty |
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Great Wall |
When: 14th C (Ming Dynasty) What: A great wall that was reconstructed in the Ming to protect against the Mongol threat S1: Marks the movement of the Ming Dynasty's military strategy from offensive to defensive S2: Symbolizes the isolationism of the Ming |
