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49 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back

Southern Slave Ownership

-only 30% in south


-slaves not allowed to learn how to read or write


-provided the nation&Europe with staple crops such as tobacco, cotton, rice, sugar


-everyone even lowly whites could claim superiority over slaves


-slaves represented an investment capital


-around the 1860s

William Llyod Garrison and The Liberator

-prominent abolitionist, journalist, and social reformer


-editor of The Liberator abolitionist newspaper first published in 1831


-used the moral argument to combat the southern moral argument


-wrote pamphlets and sent them to plantation owners


-suggested to break up the USA and leave the South on their own


-also publicly burned a copy of the Constitution


-he founded the American Antislavery Society


-around 1830s

Antislavery Arguments

-slavery was in the process of being abolished in almost every other region in the world


-slave owners are immortal and anti-christian


-slavery was debasing to the master and the slave


-economically retrogressive


-coalesce into a Free Soil Party

Proslavery Arguments

-southerners justified/rationalized it saying it was a positive good


-it was a part of history, they were civilizing and christianizing africans, giving them a means of making a living


-masters were decent


-slaves were content

Slave Spirituals

-sang by the slaves


-they were a way for the slaves to escape their grief and talk about their experiences


-during the time of slavery in US


-in US


-they gave the slaves a means of controlling an aspect of their lives

Denmark Vessey

-freed slave from the caribbean, religious leader


-led a slave revolt


-1822


-in South Carolina


-the showed white slave owners fear of slave rebellions

Nat Turner's Rebellions

-slave rebellion


-took place on august 21, 1831 in south hampton county, Virginia


-rebel slaves killed 55-65 people which was the highest number of fatalities caused by any slave in American South


-turner and his 16 conspirators were captured and executed


-blacks all over south hampton were killed and beheaded to warn others


-owners tightened their grip on slaves and slavery

Slave Codes

-defined the status of a slave


-weren't people, couldn't own property, couldn't testify in court, couldn't make contracts


-lifelong slavery


-made guidelines for labor and upkeep


-made to establish discipline


-count hold meetings, use vulgar language, strike whites, or leave plantations without a task

Status of Northern Blacks before the Civil War

-bad

Oneida Commune

-created by John Humphrey Noyes


-believed in communal property, child rearing, and marriage (all men were married to all women)


-1848


-oneida, new york


-converted by revivalist Charles Finney

Shaker and the Sexes

-they were a utopian group


-believed in celibacy


-1820-1860 they peaked in members


-20 settlements in 8 states


-practiced celibacy because their founder had lost her children in childbirth and believed she lost them because intercourse was a sin


-largest communal utopian experiment

morman migration

-led by joseph smith


-started in ohio until driven out by angry mobs


-moved to missouri to be driven out by anti mormons


-moved to illinois where they were persecuted for polygamy practice


-they fled to Utah with the guidance of Brigham Young

Uncle Tom's Cabin

-1852

-harriet beecher Stowe


-novel about slavery


-opened the eyes of the readers to the world of slavery and swayed the public opinion against slavery



manifest destiny

-referred to the continental aspirations of America


-based on the assumption that Americans possessed a kind of political, economic, ideological, cultural superiority over the other nations


-basic hunger for land


-brought up by John O'Sullivan

Frederick Douglas

-slave who became free and an abolitionist


-joined American Antislavery Society


-toured northern churches and talked about the horrors of slave societies


-abolition societies embraced him


-joined together with Harriet Beecher-Stowe

Texas Independent Movement

-mexican president Santa Anna marched with an army towards texas to stop them from seceding


-texans wanted to legalize slavery, more autonomy, and free trade with the US

Election of 1844 and the Texas Question

-election was between clay and polk


-clay was popular and leader of the whig party


-polk was not well-known and unsure of texas annexation


-polk wins over clay


-president tyler called for congressional legislation for the annexation of texas


-texas is independent


-joins US in 1844

James K Polk and the Outbreak of the Mexican War

-polk capitalized on the issue of national expansion


-embraced the manifest destiny and wanted to acquire California


-mexico was mad about the annexation of tx and their independence


-polk wanted war but couldn't start it


-mexican soldier attacked american soldier and polk said thats what started the war


-congress went along with it

treaty of guadalupe hidalgo, 1848

-ended the war on february 2, 1848


-added 525,000 miles to US territory


-AZ, CA, NM, CO, WY, UT, NV

California Gold Rush

-January 1848


-foothills of the sierra nevadas


-gold is discovered


-population increases from 13,000 to 100,000


-california was a problem because it required overland migration

Wilmot Proviso

-proposed by David Wilmot a pennsylvanian democrat


-declared that slavery shall not exist in any territory gained from mexico


-1846


-in the newly acquired territories from mexican war


-showed that northerners didn't favor slavery because they favored the free white man

Stephen A. Douglas

-publicly denounced Buchanan


-got kicked out and took northern democrats with him


-almost lost his senate seat


-lincoln challenged him to a debate


-used freeport doctrine to say that congress could not outlaw slavery


-kept his senate seat


-1857

popular sovereignty

-1850s


-idea that people in each territory should be able to settle problems themselves, leaving congress out of it

henry clay and the compromise of 1850

-henry clay proposed a compromise to solve the issue of the south wanting to secede


-conditions were:


=california was free


=utah and NM are territories


=tx got $10 million to give away NM


=fugitive law adopted


=slave trade abolished in DC


=calm before the storm

fugitive slave act

-slave owners could make a claim that a slave had escaped and the government would send a federal commissioner to find them and deem if they were a runaway or not


-those that helped the slave would be arrested


-federal commissioners would be paid $10 if they returned the slave and $5 for judging that the slave was not a fugitive


-slaves were no longer safe in free states


-1850

free-soil party

-1850s


-nominated martin van buren


-members of both parties who refused to ignore the slavery question


-supported by van burn democrats, northerners who supported wilmot proviso, conscious whigs, supported of the federal homestead act

stephen a douglas and the railroads

-1850s


-douglas was charirman to find routes for ease of transportation to california


-the central route would have to go through unorganized indian territory


-proposed splitting it into two territories, kansas and nebraska


-established on popular sovereignty since south wanted more slave states

kansas-nebraska act of 1854

-1854


-determined if the states of kansas and nebraska should choose to be a slave state or free state through popular sovereignty


-in US congress


-if popular sovereignty was allowed in kansas and nebraska the missouri compromise would be nullified and there would be slave states in the north


-stephen douglas and congress

know-nothing party

-emerged in the late 1840s and disappeared in a decade


-dominant opposers to the democrats


-american party


-nominated john c fremont for president


-wanted to prevent expansion of slavery into territory


-fremont got 11 free states but no southern states

origins and ideology of the republican party

john brown and the significance of the harper ferry

-john brown and 6 people sought revenge on potawatomi village and kidnapped and killed 5 boys with axes


-inflamed sectional tensions and raised stakes for the 1860 election


important driving force for the civil war


-1859

dred scott decision

-march 1857


-court decided that scott could not sue for his freedom because he was not a citizen of the US and that congress had no right to prohibit slavery in the territories because slaves are property


-MO compromise was deemed unconstitutional

bleeding kansas

-series of violent political confrontations


-1850s-1860s


-kansas and missouri

election of 1860

-republican triumph


-lincoln was their candidate


-antislavery


-northerners didn't want to compromise anymore


-majority ruled (in theory)

lincolns approach to secessionist states

-tries to reason with the confederacy in his inaugural address


-says he has to protect the union and if the southern states continue to commit treason he will have to wage war on them


-calls on memories of unity


-issues call for 75,000 volunteers to suppress the rebellion in the south and they respond

border states

-lincoln needed to keep them or the union would lose the war


-realized KY was the lynchpin


=losing KY means losing MO and WV

winifield scott and his anaconda plan

-1861


-scott was too fat to mount a horse


-strategy was to blockade the souths port and cut it down the middle with union soldiers by the MS river


-this would cut the south off from its imports and exports so that they become poor and starve


-lasted entire war and worked, but on small scale

george mclellan as a general

-built staff of 65 officers


-organized, supplied, and trained the union army


-spring of 1862


-cautious


-replaced with halleck then was restored command

southern strategy and King cotton

-fight defensively, resist, survive, hold on, become a viable nation

emancipation proclamation

-abraham lincoln


-emancipation of slaves in the confederate controlled south


-september 22, 1862- end of civil war


-In US


-defined war as a war against slavery


-set framework for the 13-15 amendments

significance of gettysburg and vicksburg

-turning point of the civil war


-fought in july 1863


-union won at vicksburg by closing off the MS river to the confederacy


-union won at gettysburg

general ulysses s grants strategy and factors leading to northern victory

civil war casualties

lincolns reconstruction plan

-based on 3 things


=issue a proclamation of amnesty for those that had come back to the union


=the states could come back to the union as soon as 10% of the voting electorate would take an oath of loyalty to the US


=the union would move forth like secession had never happened


-lincoln died before plan could happen


-1860s

johnsons reconstructed states and the black codes

-series of objectives


-summer of 1865


-doesnt do anything for the freed men



importance of the 14th amendment to reconstruction

-struggle between president and congress for supremacy


--gives political remedies

reconstruction acts of 1867

-1867


-south divided into 5 military districts


=south under marshall law until congress let them back into the union


==they could get out of this by ratifying the 14th amendment

andrew johnsons impeachment

-congress takes control of reconstruction


-passed a series of 4 bills: military reconstruction acts


-command of the army act followed


-tenure in office act

black codes

-regulated the rights of blacks


-recognized that black were free people but their rights were restricted


-they couldn't work anywhere except in the fields or as domestic servants


-vagrancy was outlawed