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49 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Southern Slave Ownership |
-only 30% in south -slaves not allowed to learn how to read or write -provided the nation&Europe with staple crops such as tobacco, cotton, rice, sugar -everyone even lowly whites could claim superiority over slaves -slaves represented an investment capital -around the 1860s |
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William Llyod Garrison and The Liberator |
-prominent abolitionist, journalist, and social reformer -editor of The Liberator abolitionist newspaper first published in 1831 -used the moral argument to combat the southern moral argument -wrote pamphlets and sent them to plantation owners -suggested to break up the USA and leave the South on their own -also publicly burned a copy of the Constitution -he founded the American Antislavery Society -around 1830s |
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Antislavery Arguments |
-slavery was in the process of being abolished in almost every other region in the world -slave owners are immortal and anti-christian -slavery was debasing to the master and the slave -economically retrogressive -coalesce into a Free Soil Party |
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Proslavery Arguments |
-southerners justified/rationalized it saying it was a positive good -it was a part of history, they were civilizing and christianizing africans, giving them a means of making a living -masters were decent -slaves were content |
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Slave Spirituals |
-sang by the slaves -they were a way for the slaves to escape their grief and talk about their experiences -during the time of slavery in US -in US -they gave the slaves a means of controlling an aspect of their lives |
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Denmark Vessey |
-freed slave from the caribbean, religious leader -led a slave revolt -1822 -in South Carolina -the showed white slave owners fear of slave rebellions |
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Nat Turner's Rebellions |
-slave rebellion -took place on august 21, 1831 in south hampton county, Virginia -rebel slaves killed 55-65 people which was the highest number of fatalities caused by any slave in American South -turner and his 16 conspirators were captured and executed -blacks all over south hampton were killed and beheaded to warn others -owners tightened their grip on slaves and slavery |
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Slave Codes |
-defined the status of a slave -weren't people, couldn't own property, couldn't testify in court, couldn't make contracts -lifelong slavery -made guidelines for labor and upkeep -made to establish discipline -count hold meetings, use vulgar language, strike whites, or leave plantations without a task |
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Status of Northern Blacks before the Civil War |
-bad |
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Oneida Commune |
-created by John Humphrey Noyes -believed in communal property, child rearing, and marriage (all men were married to all women) -1848 -oneida, new york -converted by revivalist Charles Finney |
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Shaker and the Sexes |
-they were a utopian group -believed in celibacy -1820-1860 they peaked in members -20 settlements in 8 states -practiced celibacy because their founder had lost her children in childbirth and believed she lost them because intercourse was a sin -largest communal utopian experiment |
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morman migration |
-led by joseph smith -started in ohio until driven out by angry mobs -moved to missouri to be driven out by anti mormons -moved to illinois where they were persecuted for polygamy practice -they fled to Utah with the guidance of Brigham Young |
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Uncle Tom's Cabin |
-1852
-harriet beecher Stowe -novel about slavery -opened the eyes of the readers to the world of slavery and swayed the public opinion against slavery |
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manifest destiny |
-referred to the continental aspirations of America -based on the assumption that Americans possessed a kind of political, economic, ideological, cultural superiority over the other nations -basic hunger for land -brought up by John O'Sullivan |
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Frederick Douglas |
-slave who became free and an abolitionist -joined American Antislavery Society -toured northern churches and talked about the horrors of slave societies -abolition societies embraced him -joined together with Harriet Beecher-Stowe |
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Texas Independent Movement |
-mexican president Santa Anna marched with an army towards texas to stop them from seceding -texans wanted to legalize slavery, more autonomy, and free trade with the US |
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Election of 1844 and the Texas Question |
-election was between clay and polk -clay was popular and leader of the whig party -polk was not well-known and unsure of texas annexation -polk wins over clay -president tyler called for congressional legislation for the annexation of texas -texas is independent -joins US in 1844 |
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James K Polk and the Outbreak of the Mexican War |
-polk capitalized on the issue of national expansion -embraced the manifest destiny and wanted to acquire California -mexico was mad about the annexation of tx and their independence -polk wanted war but couldn't start it -mexican soldier attacked american soldier and polk said thats what started the war -congress went along with it |
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treaty of guadalupe hidalgo, 1848 |
-ended the war on february 2, 1848 -added 525,000 miles to US territory -AZ, CA, NM, CO, WY, UT, NV |
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California Gold Rush |
-January 1848 -foothills of the sierra nevadas -gold is discovered -population increases from 13,000 to 100,000 -california was a problem because it required overland migration |
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Wilmot Proviso |
-proposed by David Wilmot a pennsylvanian democrat -declared that slavery shall not exist in any territory gained from mexico -1846 -in the newly acquired territories from mexican war -showed that northerners didn't favor slavery because they favored the free white man |
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Stephen A. Douglas |
-publicly denounced Buchanan -got kicked out and took northern democrats with him -almost lost his senate seat -lincoln challenged him to a debate -used freeport doctrine to say that congress could not outlaw slavery -kept his senate seat -1857 |
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popular sovereignty |
-1850s -idea that people in each territory should be able to settle problems themselves, leaving congress out of it |
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henry clay and the compromise of 1850 |
-henry clay proposed a compromise to solve the issue of the south wanting to secede -conditions were: =california was free =utah and NM are territories =tx got $10 million to give away NM =fugitive law adopted =slave trade abolished in DC =calm before the storm |
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fugitive slave act |
-slave owners could make a claim that a slave had escaped and the government would send a federal commissioner to find them and deem if they were a runaway or not -those that helped the slave would be arrested -federal commissioners would be paid $10 if they returned the slave and $5 for judging that the slave was not a fugitive -slaves were no longer safe in free states -1850 |
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free-soil party |
-1850s -nominated martin van buren -members of both parties who refused to ignore the slavery question -supported by van burn democrats, northerners who supported wilmot proviso, conscious whigs, supported of the federal homestead act |
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stephen a douglas and the railroads |
-1850s -douglas was charirman to find routes for ease of transportation to california -the central route would have to go through unorganized indian territory -proposed splitting it into two territories, kansas and nebraska -established on popular sovereignty since south wanted more slave states |
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kansas-nebraska act of 1854 |
-1854 -determined if the states of kansas and nebraska should choose to be a slave state or free state through popular sovereignty -in US congress -if popular sovereignty was allowed in kansas and nebraska the missouri compromise would be nullified and there would be slave states in the north -stephen douglas and congress |
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know-nothing party |
-emerged in the late 1840s and disappeared in a decade -dominant opposers to the democrats -american party -nominated john c fremont for president -wanted to prevent expansion of slavery into territory -fremont got 11 free states but no southern states |
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origins and ideology of the republican party |
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john brown and the significance of the harper ferry |
-john brown and 6 people sought revenge on potawatomi village and kidnapped and killed 5 boys with axes -inflamed sectional tensions and raised stakes for the 1860 election important driving force for the civil war -1859 |
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dred scott decision |
-march 1857 -court decided that scott could not sue for his freedom because he was not a citizen of the US and that congress had no right to prohibit slavery in the territories because slaves are property -MO compromise was deemed unconstitutional |
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bleeding kansas |
-series of violent political confrontations -1850s-1860s -kansas and missouri |
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election of 1860 |
-republican triumph -lincoln was their candidate -antislavery -northerners didn't want to compromise anymore -majority ruled (in theory) |
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lincolns approach to secessionist states |
-tries to reason with the confederacy in his inaugural address -says he has to protect the union and if the southern states continue to commit treason he will have to wage war on them -calls on memories of unity -issues call for 75,000 volunteers to suppress the rebellion in the south and they respond |
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border states |
-lincoln needed to keep them or the union would lose the war -realized KY was the lynchpin =losing KY means losing MO and WV |
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winifield scott and his anaconda plan |
-1861 -scott was too fat to mount a horse -strategy was to blockade the souths port and cut it down the middle with union soldiers by the MS river -this would cut the south off from its imports and exports so that they become poor and starve -lasted entire war and worked, but on small scale |
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george mclellan as a general |
-built staff of 65 officers -organized, supplied, and trained the union army -spring of 1862 -cautious -replaced with halleck then was restored command |
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southern strategy and King cotton |
-fight defensively, resist, survive, hold on, become a viable nation |
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emancipation proclamation |
-abraham lincoln -emancipation of slaves in the confederate controlled south -september 22, 1862- end of civil war -In US -defined war as a war against slavery -set framework for the 13-15 amendments |
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significance of gettysburg and vicksburg |
-turning point of the civil war -fought in july 1863 -union won at vicksburg by closing off the MS river to the confederacy -union won at gettysburg |
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general ulysses s grants strategy and factors leading to northern victory |
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civil war casualties |
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lincolns reconstruction plan |
-based on 3 things =issue a proclamation of amnesty for those that had come back to the union =the states could come back to the union as soon as 10% of the voting electorate would take an oath of loyalty to the US =the union would move forth like secession had never happened -lincoln died before plan could happen -1860s |
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johnsons reconstructed states and the black codes |
-series of objectives -summer of 1865 -doesnt do anything for the freed men |
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importance of the 14th amendment to reconstruction |
-struggle between president and congress for supremacy --gives political remedies |
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reconstruction acts of 1867 |
-1867 -south divided into 5 military districts =south under marshall law until congress let them back into the union ==they could get out of this by ratifying the 14th amendment |
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andrew johnsons impeachment |
-congress takes control of reconstruction -passed a series of 4 bills: military reconstruction acts -command of the army act followed -tenure in office act |
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black codes |
-regulated the rights of blacks -recognized that black were free people but their rights were restricted -they couldn't work anywhere except in the fields or as domestic servants -vagrancy was outlawed |