Final Exam

Front 1

Discovery science

Back 1

-natural science, uses observations to draw conclusions.

-begin as theories.

Front 2

Hypothesis Driven Science

Back 2

-tentative explanation

-can be falsified if incorrect

Front 3

Theory

Back 3

-repeatedly tested, data.

-diff. from hypothesis because it has much data.

Front 4

3 Domains

Back 4

Archaea, Bacteria, & Eukarya

Front 5

3 Kingdoms

Which domain are these in?

Back 5

Animalia, Plantae, Fungi

-Eukarya

Front 6

When is P value significant?

Back 6

p < 0.05

Front 7

Lamarck

Back 7

evolution; 1st mechanism

-inheritance of acquired characteristics

-population evolution process, not individual.

Front 8

Darwin

Back 8

mechanism supported by evidence.

-origin of species

Front 9

4 natural selection requirements

Back 9

1) must be variation within individuals of same species.

2) variation must be heritable.

3) not all individuals survive & reproduce.

4) survivorship & reproduction is not random (it depends on a trait).

Front 10

Adaption

Back 10

trait that increases survivorship in enviro.

Front 11

Malthus

Back 11

said population is growing more rapidly than our resources

Front 12

Wallace

Back 12

-'natural selection' ecologist.

-sends Darwin manuscript.

Front 13

vestigial trait

Back 13

remnants of ancestors traits

Front 14

Homologous trait

Back 14

-related species, share similar 'traits'

-DNA sequences.

-creates phylogenies.

(butterfly wings, beetle wings, dragonfly wings)

Front 15

Analogous trait

Back 15

-unrelated species look similar

-misleading

(1 mole more closely related to elephant than other mole).

Front 16

Convergent Evolution

Back 16

-unrelated species evolving w/ similar traits bcuz of their enviro.

Front 17

Mendel

Back 17

figured out that traits were passed on to the next generation by studying peas.

Front 18

Mutation

Back 18

creates new alleles.

Front 19

Gene Flow

Back 19

Migration

Front 20

Genetic Drift

Back 20

random change in allele frequencies (random deaths)

-smaller pops effected most

-can make pops maladapt

Front 21

Natural Selection

Back 21

relationship between traits & fitness.

Front 22

Directional mode of selection

Back 22

-Extreme phenotype have highest fitness.

-STRAIGHT LINE

Front 23

Stabilizing mode of selection

Back 23

-intermediate phenotype have highest fitness.

-FROWN

Front 24

Disruptive mode of selection

Back 24

-intermediate phenotype have lowest fitness.

-SMILE

Front 25

Morphological species concept

Back 25

consistently & persistently distinct.

(looks)

Front 26

Biological species concept

Back 26

reproductively isolated.

Front 27

Phylogenetic species concept

Back 27

looks at DNA

Front 28

Reproductive Isolation

Back 28

issues that occur in reproduction,

-pre or post zygotic

Front 29

prezygotic reproductive isolation

Back 29

anything that prevents egg from being fertilized

Front 30

postzygotic reproductive isolation

Back 30

after egg has been fertilized

Front 31

allopatric speciation

Back 31

geographic barrier separates 2 species.

-look the same/similar

Front 32

sympatric speciation

Back 32

both species can occur in the same area.

-look different

Front 33

Which eon did life first evolve?

Back 33

Arachaen

Front 34

Was the 1st living organism a prokaryote or eukaryote?

Back 34

prokaryote

Front 35

in which eon did eukaryotes first form?

Back 35

proterozoic

Front 36

In which eon did atmospheric oxygen start to increase & what was the cause of this?

Back 36

Archaen....?

Front 37

In which eon did most animal phyla originate, & name of explosion?

Back 37

Phanerozoic; Cambrian explosion.

Front 38

Major differences between prokaryote & eukaryote?

Back 38

Prokaryote-no nucleus, no organelles, small cells.

Eukaryote-nucleus, membrane bound organelles, bigger cells.

Front 39

How old is the earth?

How old is life on earth?

Back 39

-4.6 billion yrs old.

-3.5 billion yrs ago?

Front 40

Hierarchy of classification list.

Back 40

Domain, Kingdom,

Phylum, Class,

Order, Family,

Genus, Taxa

Front 41

latin binomial

Back 41

genus, species name.

Front 42

monophyletic group

Back 42

contains common ancestor & all descendents.

Front 43

paraphyletic group

Back 43

contains common ancestor & some, but not all descendents.

Front 44

polyphyletic group

Back 44

group of taxa that don't share recent common ancestor.

Front 45

ecological importance of bacteria

Back 45

-sewage treatment

-antibiotics

-oil spills

-plastic synthesis

-cellulose ethanol

Front 46

What are protists?

Back 46

all are eukaryotes

Front 47

Oomycota

Back 47

protist;

-devastating plant parasite

(irish potato famine)

-pathogens

Front 48

Diatoms

Back 48

protist;

die, sink to ocean floor. carbon sink.

Front 49

Dinoflagellates

Back 49

protist;

-phytoplankton, zooxanthellae.

-live in coryl polyp cells.

-algal blooms, red tide.

Front 50

Apicomplexans

Back 50

protist;

-maleria, mosquito carries plasmodium.

Front 51

Red & green algae.

Back 51

protist;

-archaeplastida, land plants.

-augar.

Front 52

Choanoflagellates

Back 52

protist;

closest relative of animal kingdom

Front 53

What traits do plants possess that allow them to live on land?

Back 53

-alternation of generations
-multicellular, dependent embryos
-cuticle(waxy coating)
-vascular tissue

Front 54

xylem

Back 54

water, cells dead at maturity.

Front 55

phloem

Back 55

sugar

Front 56

mycorrhizae

Back 56

-fungi

-mutualistic symbiotic

-live in/on plant roots

-plants get increased H20 nutrient uptake

Front 57

Sporophytes

Back 57

smaller/dervies nutrients from Gametophyte

-Diploid (2n)

Front 58

Gametophyte

Back 58

larger/dominant/photosynthetic

-Haploid (n)

Front 59

What is a seed & endosperm?

Back 59

embryonic sporophyte

-has radicle(root), catalydons(leaves), & nutrient filled tissue, & seed coat(maternal tissue).

Front 60

roots

Back 60

-H20 & nutrients

-anchorage, storage

Front 61

leaves

Back 61

photosynthesis

Front 62

stem

Back 62

transports H20, & support

Front 63

transpiration

Back 63

H20 loss from a plant thru stomata

Front 64

function of stomata

Back 64

gas exchange

Front 65

Why are fungi ecologically important?

Back 65

-food (blue cheese, truffles, mushrooms)

-yeasts (alcohol, bread)

-antibiotics

Front 66

hyphae

Back 66

branching filaments make up mycelium of fungus

Front 67

Function of mushroom?

Back 67

Decomposer

Front 68

Which animal phyla is the largest?

Which class makes it the largest?

Back 68

-Arthropoda

-Insecta

Front 69

Vertebrates vs. invertebrates

Back 69

-95% of animals are invertebrates (2 mill)

-vertebrates (57,000)

Front 70

What does a lateral line system do?

Back 70

-detects changes in pressure

Front 71

Sensory systems that enables Condrichthyes to be good predators?

Back 71

well-developed

-lateral line system

-electroreceptor system

Front 72

Why are Condrichthyes ecologically important in the ecosystem?

Back 72

Cow Nose Ray & Scallop Decline

Front 73

Oviparity

Back 73

Lay fert. eggs

Front 74

Ovoviviparity

Back 74

Retain eggs

Front 75

Viviparity

Back 75

Live-bearing

Front 76

Function of swim bladders

Back 76

helps buoyancy; developed from lungs.

Front 77

Do lungfish & coelocanth belong to lobe-finned or ray-finned?

Back 77

lobe-finned.

Front 78

Do tetrapods belong to lobe-finned or ray-finned?

Back 78

lobe-finned.

Front 79

What do tetrapods have that allow them to live on land?

Back 79

-limbs

-gill slits

-more ribs

-feet