Final Exam

Front 1

Kinship

Back 1

The system of meaning and power that cultures create to determine who is related to whom and to define their mutual expectations, rights, and responsibilities.

Front 2

Nuclear family

Back 2

The kinship unit of mother, father, and children.

Front 3

Descent group

Back 3

A kinship group in which primary relationships are traced through consanguine "blood" relatives

Front 4

Lineage

Back 4

A type of descent group that traces genealogical connection through generations by linking persons to a founding ancestor.

Front 5

Clan

Back 5

A type of descent group based on a claim to a founding ancestor but lacking genealogical documentation

Front 6

Final relationship

Back 6

A kinship relationship established through marriage and or alliance not through biology or common descent

Front 7

Marriage

Back 7

A socially recognized relationship that may involve physical and emotional intimacy as well as legal rights to property and inheritance

Front 8

Arranged marriage

Back 8

Marriage orchestrated by the families of the involved parties

Front 9

Companionate marriage

Back 9

Marriage built on love, intimacy, and personal choice rather than social obligation

Front 10

Polygyny

Back 10

Marriage between one man and two or more women

Front 11

Polyandry

Back 11

Marriage between one woman and two or more men

Front 12

Monogamy

Back 12

A relationship between only two partners

Front 13

Incest taboo

Back 13

Cultural rules that forbid sexual relations with certain close relatives

Front 14

Exogamy

Back 14

Marriage to someone outside the kunship group

Front 15

Endogamy

Back 15

Marriage to someone within the kinship group

Front 16

Class

Back 16

A system of power based on wealth income and status that creates an unequal distribution of a society's resources

Front 17

Egalitarian society

Back 17

A group based on the sharing of resources to ensure success with a relative absence of a hierarchy and violence

Front 18

Reciprocity

Back 18

The exchange of resources goods and services among people of relatively equal status meant to create and reinforce social ties

Front 19

Ranked society

Back 19

A group in which wealth is not stratified but prestige and status are

Front 20

Redistribution

Back 20

A form of exchange in which accumulated wolf is collected from the members of the group and reallocated in different patterns

Front 21

Potlach

Back 21

Elaborate redistribution ceremony practiced among the kwakiutl of the Pacific Northwest

Front 22

Bourgeoisie

Back 22

Marxist term for the capitalist class that owns the means of production

Front 23

Means of production

Back 23

The factories machines tools raw material blend and financial capital needed to make things

Front 24

Proletariat

Back 24

Marxist term for the class of laborers who own only their labor

Front 25

Prestige

Back 25

The reputation influence and deference the stove on certain people because of their membership in certain groups

Front 26

Life chances

Back 26

An individual's opportunities to improve quality of life and achieve life goals

Front 27

Social mobility

Back 27

The movement of one's class position upward or downward in stratified societies

Front 28

Social reproduction

Back 28

The phenomenon whereby social and class relations of prestige or lack of prestige are passed from one generation to the next

Front 29

Habitus

Back 29

Bourdieu's term to describe the self-perceptions and beliefs that develop as part of one's social identity and shape one's conceptions of the world and where one fits in it

Front 30

Cultural capital

Back 30

The knowledge habits and tastes learned from parents and families that individuals can use to gain access to scarce and valuable resources in society

Front 31

Intersectionality

Back 31

An analytic framework for assessing health factors such as race gender and class interact to shape individual life chances and societal patterns of stratification

Front 32

Income

Back 32

What people earn from work plus dividends and interest on investments along with rents and royalties

Front 33

Wealth

Back 33

The total value of what someone owns minus any debt

Front 34

Caste

Back 34

A closed system of stratification in a society

Front 35

Achieved status

Back 35

Social position established and changeable during a person's lifetime

Front 36

Ascribed status

Back 36

Social position inherited assigned at birth and passed on from generation to generation with enforced boundaries

Front 37

Dalits

Back 37

Members of India's lowest cast literally broken people also called untouchables

Front 38

Economy

Back 38

A cultural adaptation to the environment that enables a group of humans to use the available resources to satisfy their needs and to thrive

Front 39

Food foragers

Back 39

Human to subsist by hunting fishing and gathering plants to eat