Final Exam 5

Front 1

The_______ is to explicit memory as the __________ is to implicit memory.

Back 1

Hippocampus; Cerrebellum

Front 2

What is not a hypothetical stage of memory?

Back 2

Analysis

Front 3

What do alcohol, benzodiazepines and barbiturates all have in common ?

Back 3

They are all allosteric agonists (Positive allosteric modulators) at the GABA-A receptor.

Front 4

The primary defining feature of addiction is

Back 4

The inability to stop using a drug despite its adverse effects and efforts to stop.

Front 5

Following the surgery, H.M seemed to experience

Back 5

a mild retrograde amnesia for events of the 2 years preceding the surgery.

Front 6

Patient H.M. could get faster when he did the same puzzle agaon each day for a week performance improved is evidence for what kind of learning ?

Back 6

Procedural learning

Front 7

The main reason why LTP is one of the most widely neuroscientific phenomena is that it

Back 7

involves a synaptic change similar to the synaptic change that has been hypothesized to be the basis of memory storage

Front 8

Which of the following is a positive symptom of schizophrenia

Back 8

Hallucinations, inappropriate affect, delusions, incoherent speech or thought, (all of the above)

Front 9

The clinical effectivness of typical neroleptic drugs is postiviely correlated with the degree to wich the bind

Back 9

D2 receptors

Front 10

You performed an experiment where you had rats learning to run a maze for a food reward. You gave half of the rats a compound, APV, which is an NMDA antagonist, while they were learning the maze. The other half of the rats received saline (placebo control) while learning the maze. What would you expect would happen?

Back 10

The rats that received APV will learn the maze slower than the saline/placebo rats.

Front 11

Long-term potentiation has been most frequently studied in the

Back 11

hippocampus

Front 12

The main difficulty in diagnosing psychiatric disorders is that

Back 12

Patients suffering from the same psychiatric disorder often display different symptoms

Patients suffering from different psychiatric disorders often display the same symptoms

Front 13

The fact that PCP causes symptoms similar to schizophrenia implies that what neurotransmitter is involved in schizophrenia?

Back 13

glutamate.

Front 14

LTP beigns with the activation of __________ receptors by glutamate and depolarization of the postsynaptic membrane

Back 14

AMPA

Front 15

If enough stimulation is present at the synapse then the depolorization removes the _________block of the ________________receptors.

Back 15

Mg2+ of the NMDA receptor

Front 16

This then allows the influx of Ca2+ ions results in an increase in the number of

Back 16

AMPA receptors over time.

Front 17

According to the DSM-5, the newly established diagnosis for drug-taking behavior is____________.

Back 17

Substance use disorder.

Front 18

The amydala appears to be involved in the______________component of memory, whereas the cerrebellum appears to be involved in the _____________ component

Back 18

Emotional; sensorimotor

Front 19

Which of the following is regarded as a critical factor on the inductions of LTP?

Back 19

co-occurrence of activity in presynaptic and postsynaptic neurons.

Front 20

What part of the brain is critical in making and retrieving explicit or conscious episodic memories?

Back 20

Hippocampus

Front 21

During class, I showed you a clip from "The Office" to illustrate classical conditioning. What was the US in the Video clip

Back 21

Offering a mint

Front 22

During class, I showed you a clip from "The Office" to illustrate classical conditioning. What was the CS in the Video clip

Back 22

Computer Tone

Front 23

Illustrated here is a neural circuit in which ___________ is commonly studied

Back 23

LTP

Front 24

The neuroplasticity theory of depression is that depression is caused by

Back 24

a decrease in neuroplastic processes in the prefrontal cortex, hippocampus, and amygdala.

Front 25

Lithium is classifed as a

Back 25

mood stabilizer

Front 26

Recent research suggests that dopamine release in the nucleus accumbens is more related to ______________ than to _____________

Back 26

Wanting; liking

Front 27

Drugs commonly used to treat depression tend to have which of the following pharamcological characterstics ?

Back 27

5-HT reuptake inhibition,

Front 28

Which neurotransmitter has been most often implicated in anxiety disorders because of the effects of benzodiazepines?

Back 28

GABA

Front 29

The dopamine hypothesis of schizophrenia suggests:

Back 29

There is decreased dopamine activity in the mesocortical pathway and increased dopamine activity in the mesolimbic pathway.

Front 30

The physiological definition of a drug of abuse is on that activates the brain areas responsible for reinforcment. Which of the following is an example of how drugs are POSITIVELY reinforcing?

Back 30

The person takes the drug and feels great and then is more likely to take the drug again.

Front 31

The physiological definition of a drug of abuse is one that activates the brain areas responsible for reinforcement. Which of the following is an example of how drugs are NEGATIVELY reinforcing?

Back 31

The person dependent on the drug and without the drug is in withdrawal and feels awful, when they take the drug it takes away the awful withdrawl

Front 32

If you gave someone an SSRI, what would you expect the immediate effects at the synapse in the brain would be?

Back 32

increase in 5-HT

Front 33

If you gave someone an SNRI, what would you expect the immediate effects at the synapse in the brain would be?

Back 33

Increase in NE and Increase in 5-HT

Front 34

Which paradigm is illustrated here?

Back 34

intracranial self-stimulation

Front 35

Prozac

Back 35

is an SSRI

In no more effective in treating depression then imipramine

is no more effective in treating depression than SNRIs

has few side effects at therapeutic doses.

(all of the above)

Front 36

Several large-scale studies have compared the effectiveness of various antidepressants to placebos. These studies have found that

Back 36

various classes of antidepressants are similarly effective.

overall, antidepressants benefitted only 25% more patients than did placebos.

antidepressants are of no significant benefit for the mildly or moderatly depressed.

(all of the above)

Front 37

What is the name of the growth factor that is though to be the key in the negative effects of stress described in the neurotrophic hypothesis of depression.

Back 37

Brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF)

Front 38

When discussing the mechanism of action of LSD in class we discussed the normal effect of 5-HT on two receptors, What are they?

Back 38

5-HT1A & 5-HT2A

Front 39

The first-to-be-isolated endogenous chemical that binds to THC receptors was named

Back 39

amandamide

Front 40

What mechanism of action did the first two antidepressants (MAO inhibitor and NET & SERT inhibtior) share?

Back 40

Increase in synaptic levels of NE & 5-HT.

Front 41

Suppport for the neuroplasticity of depression comes from the discovery that ketamine

Back 41

alleviates depression within hours and stimulates widespread synaptogenesis

Front 42

Clinical depression and anxiety are comorbid disorders, which means tht they

Back 42

tend to occur together in the same individuals.

Front 43

Which neurotransmitter is involved in motivation, reward, movement, attention, and learning?

Back 43

dopamine (DA)

Front 44

THC dampens glutamate release in the hippocampus so it is not suprising that some of the effects of THC are associated with

Back 44

Memory

Front 45

Which of the follwing drugs in high doses produces a syndrom of psychotic behavior that is similar to paranoid schizophrenia?

Back 45

Cocaine

Front 46

Olds and Milner argued that the brain circuits that support intracranial self-stimulation are the same one that mediate

Back 46

The pleasurable effect of naturally rewarding stimuli such as food water, and sex.

Front 47

Many of the dopaminergic neurons with cell bodies in the ventral tegmental area synapse in the

Back 47

nucleus accumbens

Front 48

Opiates _____________ to __________________

Back 48

bind to and activiate opiate receptors; increase dopamine release.

Front 49

Amphetamines__________to______________.

Back 49

Mimic dopamine; activate dopamine receptors.

Compete with dopamine at transporters; allow dopamine to remain in the synapse longer.

Front 50

Cocaine__________________to_________________

Back 50

binds to and blocks dopamine transporters; allow dopamine to remain in the synapse longer.