Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
108 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Psychosis
|
severe mental condition characterized by a loss of contact with reality
|
|
|
Delusion
|
a false belief
|
|
|
Hallucination
|
a false sense of perception
|
|
|
Schizophrenia
|
a severe psychological disorder characterized by disorganization in thought, perception, and behavior
|
|
|
Dementia
|
pervasive disturbances of perceptual and cognitive features
|
|
|
Praecox
|
early life onset
|
|
|
Emil Kraepelin
|
first called it Dementia Praecox
|
|
|
Bleuler
|
Renamed it schizophrenia
|
|
|
Positive symptoms
|
group of schizophrenic symptoms including unusual thoughts, feelings, and behaviors that vary in intensity, and in many cases are responsible to treatment
|
|
|
Persecutory delusions
|
belief that someone is harming or attempting to harm the person
|
|
|
Delusions of influence
|
belief that one's behavior or thoughts are controlled by others
|
|
|
Loose Associations
|
thoughts that have little or no logical connection to the next thought
|
|
|
thought blocking
|
exemplified by using long pauses in the patients speech that occur during a conversation
|
|
|
clang associations
|
speech is governed by words that sound alike, rather than words that have meaning to the convo
|
|
|
catatonia
|
condition in which a person is awake but is non-responsive to external stimulation
|
|
|
waxy flexibility
|
parts of the body (arms) will remain frozen in a posture positioned by another person
|
|
|
Negative symptoms
|
behaviors, emotions, or thought processes that exist in people w/o a psychiatric disorder but are absent in people with schizophrenia
|
|
|
blunted affect
|
diminished or immobile facial expressions and a flat, monotonic vocal tone that does NOT change even when the topic of conversation becomes emotionally laden
|
|
|
anhedonia
|
lack of capacity for pleasure, person does not feel joy or happiness
|
|
|
avolition
|
an inability to initiate or follow through with plans
|
|
|
alogia
|
decreased quality and or quantity of speech
|
|
|
psychomotor retardation
|
slowed mental or physical activities
|
|
|
Cognitive Impairment
|
impairments in visual and verbal learning and memory, inability to pay attention, decreased processing info speed, and impaired abstract reasoning; any of all of which may be found in diff. psychotic disorders
|
|
|
Predromal phase
|
social withdrawal or deterioration of hygiene
|
|
|
Acute phase
|
starts to exhibit positive symptoms
|
|
|
Residual phase
|
psychotic symptoms no longer present but negative symptoms remain
|
|
|
Brief Psychotic Disorder
|
sudden onset of psychotic symptoms does not last longer than a month
|
|
|
Schizophreniform Disorder
|
identical to schizophrenia but the illness is lasts less than 6 months
|
|
|
Schizoaffective Disorder
|
patients suffers from schizophrenia and depression, main, or mixed
|
|
|
Delusional Disorder
|
presence of nonbizzare delusions
|
|
|
Shared Psychotic Disorder
|
two people sharing a delusional belief
|
|
|
Dopamine Hypothesis
|
presence of too much dopamine in neural synapse
|
|
|
synaptic pruning
|
weaker synaptic contacts in the brain are eliminated and stronger connections are further strengthened
|
|
|
expressed emotion
|
a concept used to describe the level of emotional involvement and critical attitudes that exist within the family of a patient with schizophrenia
|
|
|
antipsychotics
|
a class of medications that lock dopamine receptors
|
|
|
typical antipsychotics
|
medications that reduce positive symptoms
|
|
|
atypical antipsychotics
|
medication that treat positive symptoms, less likely to produce side effects, and effect negative symptoms and cognitive impairments
|
|
|
agranulocytosis
|
lowering of white blood cells
|
|
|
tardive dyskinesia
|
abnormal and involuntary motor movements of the face, mouth, limbs and trunk
|
|
|
Psychoeducation
|
patient and families are educated about the disorder in order to reduce familial distress and quip them to work effectively with the patient
|
|
|
social skills training
|
teaches the basics of social interaction and both verbal and nonverbal skills
|
|
|
supported employment
|
a psychosocial intervention that provides job skills
|
|
|
Somatoform disorders
|
conditions in which physical symptoms or concerns about an illness cannot be explained by a medical psychological disorder
|
|
|
somatization disorder
|
many varied physical complaints occurring of many years, resulting in numerous physical contacts and significant impairment in function. Symptoms CANNOT be explained by a known medical condition or if there is a medical condition, the complaints and impaired function are excessive in nature.
|
|
|
Undifferentiated Somatoform Disorder
|
One or more physical complaints that cannot be explained by medical condition, or the symptoms/impairment are in excess of what would be expressed of a mental condition.
|
|
|
Conversion Disorder
|
symptoms or deficits affecting voluntary motor or sensory function that suggest the presence of a neurological or medical condition. Onset or worsening of the symptoms is associated with psychological disorders, and the symptoms are not produced voluntarily
|
|
|
Pain Disorder
|
pain in one or more places in the body of sufficient severity that the person seeks clinical attention. The pain is not a function of a diagnosed medical condition, but causes clinical distress or functional impairment.
|
|
|
Hypochondriasis
|
misinterpretation of bodily symptoms, resulting in a preoccupation with fears of having, or concern about having a serious disease, despite the lack of medical evidence
|
|
|
Body Dysmorphic Disorder
|
Preoccupation with an imagined defect in apperance or an excessive concern about a small physical defect creates distress or functional impairment
|
|
|
Pierre Briguet
|
first to identify a condition in which patient had many physical complaints w/o obvious medical care
|
|
|
Pseudoseizures
|
Sudden changes in behavior that mimic epileptic seizures but have no organic basis
|
|
|
Shenjing Shuariuo
|
loosely translated, nerve weakness, a cultural variation of somatoform disorders found among the chinese
|
|
|
Dissociative Disorders
|
a set of disorders characterized by disruption in the usually integrated functions of consciousness, memory, identity, or perception of the environment
|
|
|
Amnesia
|
inability to recall important information and usually occurs after a medical condition or event
|
|
|
Dissociative amnesia
|
inability to recall important info, of personal nature, that follows a stressful or traumatic event
|
|
|
Dissociative fugue
|
sudden unexpected travel away from home or place of work, with inability to remember ones past. The person is confused about this or her personal identity or has assumed new identity.
|
|
|
Depersonalization Disorder
|
a persistant and recurrent feeling of being detached form one's own mental process or body. The sensation is described as being an external observer of one's on behavior.
|
|
|
iatrogenic
|
a term describing a disease that may be inadvertently caused by a physician by a medical or surgical treatment, or by a diagnostic procedure
|
|
|
Factitious Disorders
|
conditions in which physical or psychological signs or symptoms of illness are intentionally produced in what appears to be a sick role
|
|
|
malingering
|
condition in which physical symptoms are produced intentionally to avoid military service, criminal prosecution or work.
|
|
|
Factitious Disorder by Proxy
|
the intentional production or pretending of physical or psychological signs or symptoms in another person. There are no external incentives for the behavior.
|
|
|
Three P's patterns of behavior
|
-Persistant (over time)
-Pervasive (over people and situations) -Pathological (clearly abnormal) |
|
|
Personality Disorder
|
an enduring pattern of inner explanations and behavior that deviates form the norm, is pervasive and inflexible, has an onset in adolescence or early adulthood, is stable across time and leads to distress or impairment
|
|
|
Cluster "A"
|
group of personality disorders that include characteristic ways of behaving that can be viewed as odd, quirky, or eccentric; includes paranoid, schizoid, and schizotypal personality disorders
|
|
|
Cluster "B"
|
group of personality disorders that include characteristic ways of behaving that can viewed as exaggerated, inflated, dramatic, emotional, or erratic; includes antisocial, borderline, narcissistic, and histrionic personality disorders
|
|
|
Cluster "C"
|
group of personality disorders that include characteristic ways of behaving that are marked by considerable anxiety or withdrawal; includes avoidant, dependent, and obsessive-compulsive personality disorders
|
|
|
Paranoid Personality Disorder
|
distrustful and suspicious of others
|
|
|
Schizoid Personality Disorder
|
pattern of social detachment and limited expression of emotion
|
|
|
Shizotypal Personality Disorder
|
inability to maintain close relationships and distortions in thought
|
|
|
Antisocial Personality Disorder
|
consistent pattern of disregard for and violation of the rights of others
|
|
|
Narcissistic Personality Disorder
|
pervasive pattern of grandiosity, need for admiration from others, and lack of empathy
|
|
|
Borderline Personality Disorder
|
characterized by a pervasive pattern of instability in interpersonal relationships, self-image, and affect, and marked impulsive features such as frantic efforts to avoid real or imagined abandonment.
|
|
|
Histrionic Personality Disorder
|
characterized by a pervasive pattern of excessive emotionality and attention seeking
|
|
|
Avoidant Personality Disorder
|
a pervasive pattern of social shyness, feelings of inadequacy, and taking criticism in a personal and hypersensative manner.
|
|
|
Dependent Personality Disorder
|
pervasive and excessive need to be taken care of by others that leads to dependency and fears of being left alone
|
|
|
Obsessive- Compulsive Personality Disorder
|
a pervasive preoccupation with orderliness, perfectionism, and mental and interpersonal control to the point of distress
|
|
|
5 factor model of Personality
|
-Extraversion
-Neuroticism -Conscientiousness -Agreeableness -Openness to Experiences |
|
|
ethics
|
accepted values that provide guidance to make sound moral judgements
|
|
|
deinstitutionalization
|
release of inpatients from hospitals to community treatment settings
|
|
|
civil commitment
|
a state-initated procedure that forces involuntary treatment on people who are judged to have a mental illness, who present a danger to themselves(including an ability to care for themselves) or others
|
|
|
outpatient commitment
|
a court order that directs a person to comply with a specified, individualized outpatient treatment plan
|
|
|
criminal commitment
|
a court-ordered procedure that forces involuntary treatment on a person with a psychological disorder who commits a crime
|
|
|
not guilty by reason of insanity
|
a legal decision that describes people who commit a crime but who are prevented by a psychological disorder from understanding the seriousness and illegality of their actions
|
|
|
M'Naghten Rule
|
a legal principle stating that a person is not responsible for his actions if (a) he did not know what he was doing, or (b) he did not know that his actions were wrong
|
|
|
mens rea
|
latin term for guilty mind or criminal intent
|
|
|
guilty but mentally ill
|
a legal decision in which a person is considered criminally guilty and is subject to criminal penalties. The addiction of the phrase "but mentally ill" acknowledges the presence of a psychological disorder when the offense was committed, but does not change the person's criminal responsibility
|
|
|
confidentiality
|
agreement between two parities (in this case, the therapist and patient) that private information revealed during therapy will not be discussed with others
|
|
|
privilege
|
legal term that prevents a therapist from revealing confidential information during legal proceedings
|
|
|
Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA)
|
system of laws and regulations that protect the security and privacy of health information
|
|
|
duty to warn
|
therapists' duty to use reasonable care to protect third parties from dangers posed by patients
|
|
|
malpractice
|
professional misconduct or unreasonable lack of skill
|
|
|
Psychologist
|
Five years of graduate study leading to doctoral degree (PhD, PsyD) in clinical, counseling, or school psychology
|
|
|
Psychiatrist
|
Four years in medical school leading to a doctoral degree (MD) in medicine followed by 3-4 years of advanced residency training in psychiatry
|
|
|
Psychiatric Social Worker
|
Two years in graduate school leading to a master's degree (MSN) in social work
|
|
|
Psychiatric Nurses
|
Two years in graduate school leading to a masters degree in nursing (MSN)
|
|
|
Marriage & Family Therapist
|
Two years leading to a master's degree in marriage and family counseling (MFT)
|
|
|
Therapist or Psychotherapist
|
Two years in graduate school leading to a master's degree (MA, MS, MEd) in psychology, counseling or a similar field
|
|
|
Nuremberg Code
|
directives for experimentation with human subjects, which specify that voluntary consent is absolutely essential for clinical research
|
|
|
Declaration of Helsinki
|
a document that sets forth basic guidelines for the conduct of research, including the need for clearly formulated experimental procedures, a careful assessment of risks compared with benefits, and the provision of adequate information to the participants
|
|
|
Belmont Report
|
a document that sets forth three basic prinicples to guide behavioral and biomedical research with human subjects: respect for persons, beneficence, and justice
|
|
|
informed consent
|
the concept that all people who participate in research must understand the aims and methods of the research, what they will be asked to do , and what types of information they will be asked to provide. In addition, they must understand the risks and benefits of participation, and based on that information, have the right ot agree or refuse to participate in the any research project
|
|
|
institutional Review Board (IRB)
|
committee charged by the researcher's institution with reviewing and approving scientific research.
|
|
|
Tuskegee Experiment
|
infamous historical study in which core values of research (respect for persons, beneficence, and justice) were violated
|
|
|
Beneficence and nonmaleficence
|
psychologists always work to benefit their patients and are always careful not to do anything that causes harm
|
|
|
fidelity and responsibility
|
psychologist seek to establish relationships of trust and are aware of their responsibilities to patients, colleagues and society in general
|
|
|
integrity
|
psychologists promote honesty and truthfulness in their science, teaching, and practice
|
|
|
justice
|
psychologist promote fairness and equality for all persons. everyone has equal access to psychology's contributions and services
|
|
|
respect for people's rights and dignity
|
psychologists value the worth of everyone and uphold rights to privacy, confidentiality, and self-determination
|
