Final Exam 2 Questions

Front 1

a COOH group is a __ group

Back 1

acid

Front 2

thymine, adenine, and guanine are examples of

Back 2

nucleotide bases

Front 3

what type of organic compound always includes a carboxyl group and an amino group?

Back 3

an amino acid

Front 4

which of the following is an amino group?

Back 4

NH2

Front 5

which of the following macromolecules is composed of monimer units containing a sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogen-containing base?

Back 5

nucleic acids

Front 6

your classmates is trying to keep all the facts about biological molecules straight. she is confused about proteins and asks you to explain how the terms amino acid and protein are related. what do you tell her?

Back 6

proteins are made up of a chain of amino acids

Front 7

how is a denatured protein diff from a normal protein? a denatured protein...

Back 7

has broken secondary and/or tertiary structure

Front 8

hemoglobin represents which level of protein organization?

Back 8

quaternary structure

Front 9

organisms contain thousands of different protein composed of __ diff amino acids

Back 9

20

Front 10

a white blood cell engulfing a bacterium is an example of

Back 10

phagocytosis

Front 11

a molecule moves down its concentration gradient using a transport protein in the plasma membrane. this is an example of ___

Back 11

facilitated difusion

Front 12

an ATPase pump takes part in

Back 12

active transport

Front 13

the reate of diffusion is influence by

Back 13

all of thse factors

Front 14

which cellular process incolves an inward sinking of a small patch of membrane to form a cytoplasmic visicle?

Back 14

endocytosis

Front 15

whihc membrane component is involved in cystic fibrosis?

Back 15

a transport protein

Front 16

in reference to diffusion "passive" really means:

Back 16

no ATP energy is required

Front 17

for diffusion to occur there must be

Back 17

a gradient

Front 18

in genereal the net movement of molecules in a fluid is a response to the

Back 18

concentration gradient

Front 19

plants need which of the following to carry on photosynthesis?

Back 19

carbon dioxide and water

Front 20

absorption of solutes against a concentration gradient is accomplished by:

Back 20

active transport

Front 21

the units or monomers used to create the polymer called protein are called

Back 21

amino acids

Front 22

on the molecule to the left the "R" represents the

Back 22

any carbon group

Front 23

this organelle is more likely to be found in a plant cell than in a animal cell:

Back 23

central vacuole

Front 24

what is the meaning of the term "prokaryotic"?

Back 24

"small nucleous"

Front 25

when a piece of the green plant Elodea is placed in distilled water:

Back 25

the water is hypotonic to the Elodea cells

Front 26

what determines how a protein functions?

Back 26

All the above

Front 27

which of the following is true of the transport proteins in the plasma membrane?

Back 27

they span the lipid bilayer

Front 28

a relatively short cell appendage composed of microtubules which moves in an oar-like fashion is genrally called a:

Back 28

cilium

Front 29

the fluid behavior of the plasma membrane results primarily from the __ (remember the movie clip of a pin poking the cell membrane)

Back 29

fexibility of the lipid components

Front 30

deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is believed to be the most important substance of:

Back 30

chromosomes

Front 31

a phospholipid has a phosphate-containing head and two fatty acid tails attached to a backbone of

Back 31

glycogen

Front 32

inside the nuclear envelope the DNA in the form of fine "spread out" strands is called

Back 32

chromatin

Front 33

the net movement of molecules from a high conentration to a low concentration is described by which of the following?

Back 33

diffusion

Front 34

the RNA in the nucleus leaves through

Back 34

nuclear pores

Front 35

which of the following substances is responsible for making some plants woody when the substance is abundant?

Back 35

Lignin

Front 36

choose the term which is least like the others:

Back 36

phospholipids

Front 37

in the plasma membrane, the tails of the phopholipids

Back 37

form a barrier to polar substances

Front 38

the endoplasmic reticulum

Back 38

serves as the internal transportation system of a cell

Front 39

the fluid filled sac that may store food, ions, or water in plant cells and is involved in fluid pressure is

Back 39

central vacuole

Front 40

which type of transport across membranes will proceed naturally without energy input?

Back 40

osmosis

Front 41

the phopholipids and cholesterol that are used to form membranes are synthesized in the

Back 41

smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Front 42

the energy for flagellar movement (as in sperm swimming)

Back 42

appears to come from ATP

Front 43

the nuclelus is:

Back 43

a dense body consisting mostly of RNA and responsible for producing ribosomes

Front 44

the nucleic acids include

Back 44

DNA and RNA

Front 45

The sencondary cell wall in plants adds

Back 45

rigidity to the cell

Front 46

not all substances can cross the cell membrane, for this reason, the cell membrane is said to be

Back 46

selectively permeable

Front 47

what cellular process involves an inward sinking of a small patch of membrane to form a cytoplasmic vesicle?

Back 47

endocytosis

Front 48

which of the following processess does not involve formation of a visicle?

Back 48

osmosis

Front 49

what is a role of proteins found in eukaryotic plasma membranes

Back 49

regulating the flow of materials through the membrane

Front 50

what determines the sequence of amino acids in a protein?

Back 50

a sequence of nucleotides in DNA

Front 51

plant cells generally lack

Back 51

centrioles

Front 52

the control center for the activities of the cell is the

Back 52

nucleus

Front 53

mitochondria typically arise by the division of existing:

Back 53

mitochondria

Front 54

a dipeptide is:

Back 54

two amino acids linked by a peptide bond

Front 55

the tertiary structure of a protein refers to:

Back 55

the bending and folding of te helix

Front 56

resolution by the best light microscope is ulitimately limited by:

Back 56

the wavelength of the light

Front 57

the basic shape of a DNA molecule is a:

Back 57

double-stranded helix

Front 58

ribosomes are:

Back 58

tiny particles RNA which help synthesize proteins

Front 59

of the objects listed, which is the smallest that you can see without the aid of a microscope?

Back 59

frog embroyo

Front 60

golgi bodies appear to function in:

Back 60

secretion of cell productions

Front 61

nucleic acids indirectly

Back 61

direct proteins synthesis

Front 62

hooke was the first to observe cells under simple microscope in the 1600s because he was looking at:

Back 62

plant cells in which the thick cell wall was clearly visible

Front 63

a major diff betw plant cell mitosis and animal cell mitosis is the absence in plant cells of:

Back 63

centrioles

Front 64

organelles involved in the synthesis of steroids and other lipids in gland cells are:

Back 64

smoothe E.R.

Front 65

Most of the chemical energy stored in the glucose molecule can be released by chemical reactions in the:

Back 65

mitochondrion

Front 66

which organelle resembles a bacterium in its size and biochemistry?

Back 66

a mitochondrion

Front 67

which is the correct sequence of polypetide transport in the secretory (releasing secretions) pathway?

Back 67

ribosome>>>ER>>>golgi bodies>>>plasma membrane

Front 68

glycoproteins differ from the other membrane proteins in that they:

Back 68

have chains of polysaccharide associated with them and they aid the immune system

Front 69

what is the fate of defective or malfunctioning organelles in cells?

Back 69

they are broken down by lysosomal digestive enzymes

Front 70

the capicity of a cell to exhibit movement or mobility is generally attributed to which cellular component?

Back 70

microtubules

Front 71

the golgi apparatus packages materials into __ for transport or export

Back 71

vesicles

Front 72

vesicles from the ER most likely are on their way to the

Back 72

golgi body

Front 73

maintains the three-dimensional structure of animal calls

Back 73

cytoskeleton

Front 74

the __ acts as a barrier betw the inside and outside of the cell

Back 74

lipid bilayer

Front 75

scientists demonstated the fluidity of proteins in the plasna membrane by

Back 75

fusing the membranes of two diff species

Front 76

prokaryotes

Back 76

all of these

Front 77

which of the following are NOT found in any prokaryotic cell?

Back 77

membrane bound organelles

Front 78

a hypothetical "microbullet" shot through a phospholipid bilayer would pass the components in which order?

Back 78

head>>>tail>>tail>>head

Front 79

in an attemt to visualize the fluid mosaic model of a membrane, we could describe the __ as floating in a sea of __

Back 79

proteins;lipid

Front 80

in a typical cell the substance found in the highest percentage is:

Back 80

water

Front 81

what is a characteristic of all life on earth?

Back 81

all the above

Front 82

a cell without nucleoli is probably not producing:

Back 82

ribosomes

Front 83

if lysosomes bursts inside a cell, the immediate result is likely to be:

Back 83

the cell will be digested from within

Front 84

which organelle below is capable of producing its own protein?

Back 84

mitochondrium

Front 85

lysosomes contain ___ enzymes

Back 85

digestive

Front 86

vessicles (little sacs) derived from the ER male their way to the __, an organelle that functions in packaging, storage, and distribution.

Back 86

dictyosome

Front 87

the double membrane systems around the cell's organalles are really two membranes, each of which may be referred to as a

Back 87

unit membrane

Front 88

which is the organelle with cristate?

Back 88

mitochondria

Front 89

the principle structural carbohydrate in plants is:

Back 89

cellulose

Front 90

the cell theory states:

Back 90

all living thins consist of cells

Front 91

which of the following consists of a nonliving substace?

Back 91

cell wall

Front 92

the only part of a green plant that is actually green is the:

Back 92

grana of chloroplasts

Front 93

which of the follwong structures is not associated with chloroplasts?

Back 93

cristae

Front 94

the stacks of coin-shaped double membranes found in choloroplasts are:

Back 94

grana

Front 95

salt is spread in clay tennis courts to kill the weeds. based on your study of bio, how would you explain the process throuhg which the weeds are killed?

Back 95

water duffised out of the plant cells thereby weakening or killing them by plasmoysis

Front 96

cell turgor pressure is increased when the cell is transferred to an external medium having:

Back 96

a higher concentration of water than the cell

Front 97

the shrinking of cytoplasm within a cell because of loss of water by osmosis is called:

Back 97

plasmolysis

Front 98

what are flagella?

Back 98

long whip-like projections

Front 99

the part of the cell that regulates movement of substances into and out of the cell is the

Back 99

cell membrane

Front 100

which of the following will diffuse across a lipid bilayer?

Back 100

carbon dioxide