Final Deck 2

Front 1

abyssal zone

Back 1

the deepest part of the ocean at depths of 4000m or greater

Front 2

acid rain

Back 2

a corrosive rain caused by rainwater mixing with sulfur dioxide gas as it falls through the atmosphere turning it into a weak sulfuric acid causing damage to aquatic ecosystems

Front 3

algal blooms

Back 3

a rapid increase of algae in an aquatic ecosystem

Front 4

apex consumer

Back 4

an organism at the top of the food chain

Front 5

aphotic zone

Back 5

the part of the ocean where photosynthesis cannot occur

Front 6

arctic tundra

Back 6

a biome characterized by low average temperatures, brief growing seasons, the presence of permafrost, and limited precipitation largely in the form of snow in which the dominant vegetation are low shrubs, lichens, mosses, and small herbaceous plants

Front 7

autotroph

Back 7

an organism capable of synthesizing its own food molecules from smaller inorganic molecules

Front 8

benthic realm (also, benthic zone):

Back 8

the part of the ocean that extends along the ocean bottom from the shoreline to the deepest parts of the ocean floor

Front 9

biogeochemical cycle

Back 9

: the cycling of minerals and nutrients through the biotic and abiotic world

Front 10

biomagnification

Back 10

an increasing concentration of persistent, toxic substances in organisms at each trophic level, from the producers to the apex consumers

Front 11

biome

Back 11

a large-scale community of organisms, primarily defined on land by the dominant plant types that exist in geographic regions of the planet with similar climatic conditions

Front 12

boreal forest

Back 12

a biome found in temperate and subarctic regions characterized by short growing seasons and dominated structurally by coniferous trees

Front 13

canopy

Back 13

the branches and foliage of trees that form a layer of overhead coverage in a forest

Front 14

canopy

Back 14

the branches and foliage of trees that form a layer of overhead coverage in a forest

Front 15

channel

Back 15

the bed and banks of a river or stream

Front 16

chaparral

Back 16

a biome found in temperate coastal regions characterized by low trees and dry-adapted shrubs and forbs

Front 17

chaparral

Back 17

a biome found in temperate coastal regions characterized by low trees and dry-adapted shrubs and forbs

Front 18

chemoautotroph

Back 18

an organism capable of synthesizing its own food using energy from inorganic molecules

Front 19

chaparral

Back 19

a biome found in temperate coastal regions characterized by low trees and dry-adapted shrubs and forbs

Front 20

chemoautotroph

Back 20

an organism capable of synthesizing its own food using energy from inorganic molecules

Front 21

coral reef

Back 21

an ocean ridge formed by marine invertebrates living in warm shallow waters within the photic zone

Front 22

cryptofauna

Back 22

the invertebrates found within the calcium carbonate substrate of coral reefs

Front 23

cryptofauna

Back 23

the invertebrates found within the calcium carbonate substrate of coral reefs

Front 24

dead zone

Back 24

n area in a lake and ocean near the mouths of rivers where large areas are depleted of their normal flora and fauna these zones can be caused by eutrophication oil spills dumping of toxic waste and other human activities

Front 25

detrital food web

Back 25

a type of food web that is supported by dead or decaying organisms rather than living autotrophs these are often associated with grazing food webs within the same ecosystem

Front 26

ecosystem services

Back 26

the human benefits provided by natural ecosystems

Front 27

ecosystem services

Back 27

the human benefits provided by natural ecosystems

Front 28

ecosystem

Back 28

a community of living organisms and their interactions with their abiotic environment

Front 29

emergent vegetation

Back 29

the plants living in bodies of water that are rooted in the soil but have portions of leaves, stems, and flowers extending above the water's surface

Front 30

emergent vegetation

Back 30

the plants living in bodies of water that are rooted in the soil but have portions of leaves, stems, and flowers extending above the water's surface

Front 31

equilibreum

Back 31

the steady state of a system in which the relationships between elements of the system do not change

Front 32

emergent vegetation

Back 32

the plants living in bodies of water that are rooted in the soil but have portions of leaves, stems, and flowers extending above the water's surface

Front 33

equilibreum

Back 33

the steady state of a system in which the relationships between elements of the system do not change

Front 34

estuary

Back 34

a region where fresh water and salt water mix where a river discharges into an ocean or sea

Front 35

eutrophication

Back 35

the process whereby nutrient runoff causes the excess growth of microorganisms and plants in aquatic systems

Front 36

fallout

Back 36

the direct deposition of solid minerals on land or in the ocean from the atmosphere

Front 37

fallout

Back 37

the direct deposition of solid minerals on land or in the ocean from the atmosphere

Front 38

food chain

Back 38

a linear sequence of trophic (feeding) relationships of producers. primary consumers, and higher level consumers

Front 39

fallout

Back 39

the direct deposition of solid minerals on land or in the ocean from the atmosphere

Front 40

food chain

Back 40

a linear sequence of trophic (feeding) relationships of producers. primary consumers, and higher level consumers

Front 41

food web

Back 41

a web of trophic (feeding) relationships among producers, p rimary consumers. and higher level consumers in an ecosystem

Front 42

grazing food web

Back 42

a type of food web in which the producers are either plants on land or phytoplankton in the water; often associated with a detrital food web within the samehill ecosystem

Front 43

gross primary productivity

Back 43

the rate at which photosynthetic producers incorporate energy from the Sun

Front 44

gross primary productivity

Back 44

the rate at which photosynthetic producers incorporate energy from the Sun

Front 45

hydrosphere

Back 45

the region of the planet in which water exists, including the atmosphere that contains water vapor and the region beneath the ground that contains groundwater

Front 46

intertidal zone

Back 46

the part of the ocean that is closest to land; parts extend above the water at low tide

Front 47

neritic zone

Back 47

the part of the ocean that extends from low tide to the edge of the continental shelf

Front 48

net primary productivity

Back 48

the energy that remains in the producers after accounting for the organisms' respiration and heat loss

Front 49

net primary productivity

Back 49

the energy that remains in the producers after accounting for the organisms' respiration and heat loss

Front 50

non renewable resources

Back 50

a resource, such as a fossil fuel, that is either regenerated very slowly or not at all

Front 51

net primary productivity

Back 51

the energy that remains in the producers after accounting for the organisms' respiration and heat loss

Front 52

non renewable resources

Back 52

a resource, such as a fossil fuel, that is either regenerated very slowly or not at all

Front 53

oceanic zone

Back 53

the part of the ocean that begins offshore where the water measures 200 m deep or deeper

Front 54

net primary productivity

Back 54

the energy that remains in the producers after accounting for the organisms' respiration and heat loss

Front 55

non renewable resources

Back 55

a resource, such as a fossil fuel, that is either regenerated very slowly or not at all

Front 56

oceanic zone

Back 56

the part of the ocean that begins offshore where the water measures 200 m deep or deeper

Front 57

pelagic realm

Back 57

the open ocean waters that are not close to the bottom or near the shore

Front 58

net primary productivity

Back 58

the energy that remains in the producers after accounting for the organisms' respiration and heat loss

Front 59

non renewable resources

Back 59

a resource, such as a fossil fuel, that is either regenerated very slowly or not at all

Front 60

oceanic zone

Back 60

the part of the ocean that begins offshore where the water measures 200 m deep or deeper

Front 61

pelagic realm

Back 61

the open ocean waters that are not close to the bottom or near the shore

Front 62

permafrost

Back 62

a perennially frozen portion of the arctic tundra soil

Front 63

photic zone

Back 63

the upper layer of ocean water in which photosynthesis is able to take place

Front 64

photoautotroph

Back 64

an organism that uses sunlight as an energy source to synthesize its own food

Front 65

photoautotroph

Back 65

an organism that uses sunlight as an energy source to synthesize its own food

Front 66

plaktivore

Back 66

an animal that eats plankton

Front 67

photoautotroph

Back 67

an organism that uses sunlight as an energy source to synthesize its own food

Front 68

plaktivore

Back 68

an animal that eats plankton

Front 69

primary consumer

Back 69

the trophic level that obtains its energy from the producers of an ecosystem

Front 70

producer

Back 70

the trophic level that obtains its energy from sunlight, inorganic chemicals, or dead or decaying organic material

Front 71

producer

Back 71

the trophic level that obtains its energy from sunlight, inorganic chemicals, or dead or decaying organic material

Front 72

resilience

Back 72

the speed at which an ecosystem recovers equilibrium after being disturbed

Front 73

producer

Back 73

the trophic level that obtains its energy from sunlight, inorganic chemicals, or dead or decaying organic material

Front 74

resilience

Back 74

the speed at which an ecosystem recovers equilibrium after being disturbed

Front 75

resistance

Back 75

the ability of an ecosystem to remain at equilibrium in spite of disturbances

Front 76

producer

Back 76

the trophic level that obtains its energy from sunlight, inorganic chemicals, or dead or decaying organic material

Front 77

resilience

Back 77

the speed at which an ecosystem recovers equilibrium after being disturbed

Front 78

resistance

Back 78

the ability of an ecosystem to remain at equilibrium in spite of disturbances

Front 79

savanna

Back 79

a biome located in the tropics with an extended dry season and characterized by a grassland with sparsely distributed trees

Front 80

producer

Back 80

the trophic level that obtains its energy from sunlight, inorganic chemicals, or dead or decaying organic material

Front 81

resilience

Back 81

the speed at which an ecosystem recovers equilibrium after being disturbed

Front 82

resistance

Back 82

the ability of an ecosystem to remain at equilibrium in spite of disturbances

Front 83

savanna

Back 83

a biome located in the tropics with an extended dry season and characterized by a grassland with sparsely distributed trees

Front 84

secondary consumer

Back 84

a trophic level in an ecosystem. usually a carnivore that eats a primary consumer

Front 85

producer

Back 85

the trophic level that obtains its energy from sunlight, inorganic chemicals, or dead or decaying organic material

Front 86

resilience

Back 86

the speed at which an ecosystem recovers equilibrium after being disturbed

Front 87

resistance

Back 87

the ability of an ecosystem to remain at equilibrium in spite of disturbances

Front 88

savanna

Back 88

a biome located in the tropics with an extended dry season and characterized by a grassland with sparsely distributed trees

Front 89

secondary consumer

Back 89

a trophic level in an ecosystem. usually a carnivore that eats a primary consumer

Front 90

source water

Back 90

the point of orgin of a river or stream

Front 91

producer

Back 91

the trophic level that obtains its energy from sunlight, inorganic chemicals, or dead or decaying organic material

Front 92

resilience

Back 92

the speed at which an ecosystem recovers equilibrium after being disturbed

Front 93

resistance

Back 93

the ability of an ecosystem to remain at equilibrium in spite of disturbances

Front 94

savanna

Back 94

a biome located in the tropics with an extended dry season and characterized by a grassland with sparsely distributed trees

Front 95

secondary consumer

Back 95

a trophic level in an ecosystem. usually a carnivore that eats a primary consumer

Front 96

source water

Back 96

the point of orgin of a river or stream

Front 97

subduction

Back 97

the movement of one tectonic plate beneath another

Front 98

subtropical desert

Back 98

a biome found in the subtropics with hot daily temperatures, very low and unpredictable precipitation, and characterized by a limited dry-adapted vegetation

Front 99

subtropical desert

Back 99

a biome found in the subtropics with hot daily temperatures, very low and unpredictable precipitation, and characterized by a limited dry-adapted vegetation

Front 100

temperate forest

Back 100

a biome found in temperate regions with moderate rain fall and dominated by deciduous trees

Front 101

temperate grassland

Back 101

a biome dominated by grasses and herbaceous plants due to low precipitation, periodic fires, and grazing

Front 102

tertiary consumer

Back 102

a trophic level in an ecosystem usually carnivores eat other carnivores

Front 103

trophic level

Back 103

the position of a species or group of species in a food web or chain

Front 104

tropical rainforest

Back 104

a biome found near the equator characterized by stable temperatures with abundant and seasonal rainfall in which trees form the structurally important vegetation

Front 105

tropical rainforest

Back 105

a biome found near the equator characterized by stable temperatures with abundant and seasonal rainfall in which trees form the structurally important vegetation

Front 106

wetland

Back 106

environment in which the soil is either permanently or periodically saturated with water

Front 107

biodiversity hotspot

Back 107

a concept originated by Norman Myers to describe a geographical region with a large number of endemic species and a large percentage of degraded habitat

Front 108

biodiversity hotspot

Back 108

a concept originated by Norman Myers to describe a geographical region with a large number of endemic species and a large percentage of degraded habitat

Front 109

biodiversity

Back 109

the variety of a biological system typically conceived as the number of species, but also applying to genes, biochemistry, and ecosystems

Front 110

biodiversity hotspot

Back 110

a concept originated by Norman Myers to describe a geographical region with a large number of endemic species and a large percentage of degraded habitat

Front 111

biodiversity

Back 111

the variety of a biological system typically conceived as the number of species, but also applying to genes, biochemistry, and ecosystems

Front 112

bush meat

Back 112

a wild-caught animal used as food (typically mammals, birds, and reptiles); usually referring to hunting in the tropics of sub-Saharan Africa, Asia, and the Americas

Front 113

chemical diversity

Back 113

the variety of metabolic compounds in an ecosystem

Front 114

chytridiomycosis

Back 114

a disease of amphibians caused by the fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis; thought to be a major cause of the global amphibian decline

Front 115

ecosystem diversity

Back 115

the variety of ecosystems

Front 116

endemic species

Back 116

a species native to one place

Front 117

exotic/ invasive species

Back 117

a species that has been introduced to an ecosystem in which it did not evolve

Front 118

extinction rate

Back 118

the number of species becoming extinct over time. sometimes defined as extinctions per million species-years to make numbers manageable (EMSY

Front 119

extinction rate

Back 119

the number of species becoming extinct over time. sometimes defined as extinctions per million species-years to make numbers manageable (EMSY

Front 120

extinction

Back 120

the disappearance of a species from Earth: local extinction is the disappearance of a species from a region

Front 121

genetic diversity

Back 121

the vari of genes and alleles in a species or other taxonomic group or ecosystem: the term can refer to allelic diversity or genome-wide diversity

Front 122

habitat heterogeneity

Back 122

the number of ecological niches

Front 123

secondary plant compound

Back 123

a compound produced as a byproduct of plant metabolic processes that is typically toxic but is sequestered by the plant to defend against herbivores

Front 124

species area relationship

Back 124

the relationship between area surveyed and number of species encountered typically measured by incrementally increasing the area of a survey and determining the cumulative numbers of species

Front 125

species area relationship

Back 125

the relationship between area surveyed and number of species encountered typically measured by incrementally increasing the area of a survey and determining the cumulative numbers of species

Front 126

tragedy of commons

Back 126

an economic principle that resources held in common will inevitably be over exploited

Front 127

species area relationship

Back 127

the relationship between area surveyed and number of species encountered typically measured by incrementally increasing the area of a survey and determining the cumulative numbers of species

Front 128

tragedy of commons

Back 128

an economic principle that resources held in common will inevitably be over exploited

Front 129

white nose syndrome

Back 129

a disease of cave hibernating bats in the eastern United States and Canada associated with the fungus geomyces destructans