Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
54 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Primary aging |
Aging that is inevitable. Ex: getting wrinkles |
|
|
Secondary aging |
Aging that is preventable. Ex: skin cancer. |
|
|
Brain changes and the nervous system (early adulthood) |
Growth spurts in brain ( frontal lobe, amygdala). Cortex control of the limbic system. New neuronal production (the last growth sprut).
|
|
|
Physical changes/declines (speed and strength) |
SLOW! Declines in physical functioning that start in early adulthood. A gradual loss of speed, every bodily function affected. Strength peaks in the 20's and 30's. |
|
|
Reproductive changes (early adulthood) |
Women's reproductive capacity begins to drop in their mid 20's. Men's capacity diminishes, but remains intact. |
|
|
Health habits (early adulthood) |
Poorer health habits lead to higher risk. Lack of physical exercise is linked to a higher risk of death. |
|
|
Self- efficacy (early adulthood) |
The ability to confidently control ones outcome. This is linked to many health outcomes. |
|
|
Locus of control |
A set of beliefs about the causes of events Internal: she understands that she has control over what happens to her. External: she believes that other people or luck determines the future. |
|
|
Post-formal thought |
Critical thinking. Understanding of the relative, non absolute nature of knowledge. |
|
|
Dialectical thought |
Thoughts involving recognition and acceptance of paradox and uncertainty. |
|
|
Reflective judgement |
The ability to identify assumptions of differing perspectives on controversial issues. |
|
|
Crystallized intelligence |
Knowledge and judgement acquired through education and experience. |
|
|
Fluid intelligence |
Intelligence that reflects fundamental biological processes and does not depend on experiences. |
|
|
Erickson's intimacy v.s isolation |
Intimacy: The capacity to engage in supportive, affectionate relationships w/out losing one's sense of self. Isolation: results from relationships that are inadequate, a lack of self-disclosure, and unresolved identity crises. |
|
|
Life structures (early adulthood) |
All roles and relationships an individual occupies, and the conflicts/balances that exist between them. |
|
|
Emerging adulthood ( early adulthood) |
A period in which individuals experiment with options prior to taking adult roles. |
|
|
Parental investment theory |
Men: value health and availability in mates, are less selective because of their minimum physical investment in conceiving offspring, want the maximum number of offspring. Woman: investment starts with a nine-month commitment (pregnancy and giving birth). Women seek the minimum number of offspring. |
|
|
Influences on marital success |
Males: benefit more than females on measures of physical and mental health. Married men are healthier and live longer than unmarried men. Females: married women are slightly healthier than unmarried women. Unmarried women are healthier and happier than unmarried men. |
|
|
Steinberg's triangular theory of love |
Three key components: intimacy, passion, commitment. |
|
|
Parenthood |
Parents cite their relationships with their children as the fulfilling aspect of their lives. The transition to parenthood is stressful. |
|
|
Holland's personality types and work preferences (6) |
Realistic- aggressive, masculine, physically strong. (Mechanic) Investigative- abstract thinking, organized. (Scientists) Artistic- asocial, individual activity. (Artist) Social- extraverts. (Nursing) Enterprising- verbal and dominating. (Sales) Conventional- structured activities. (Bookkeeping) |
|
|
Brain and nervous system changes in middle adulthood |
Cognitive and neurological . |
|
|
Climacteric |
The decline or lose of reproductive capacity. Males: slight decline in the quantity of sperm, low drop in testosterone, and erectile dysfunction or impotence increases. |
|
|
Menopause |
Occurs between 40-60 The end of menstrual cycles due to declines of estrogen and progesterone Menopause phases: Premenopausal- decline in estrogen. Perimenopausal- more extreme variations in menstrual cycles and hot flashes. Postmenopausal- once a woman has stopped menstruation for one year. |
|
|
Osteoporosis |
(Primary aging). Loss of bone mass with age, resulting in more brittle and porous bones. Begins around 30 for men and women. |
|
|
Vision loss (middle adulthood) |
Presbyopia- farsightedness |
|
|
Hearing loss (middle adulthood) |
Presbycusis- the auditory nerve and structures in the inner ear gradually deteriorate. |
|
|
Friedman and Rosenman personality patterns (cardiovascular disease). |
Type A- competitive for achievement, sense of urgency, aggressiveness, compare themselves to others. Type B- less hurried and more laid back. Type D- tendency towards negativity, experience stress, anger, hostility, and depression. |
|
|
Baltes and baltes's model of selective optimization |
The process of balancing the gains and losses associated with aging. |
|
|
Episodic memories |
Recollections of personal events (middle adulthood: forgetful) |
|
|
Semantic memories |
General knowledge |
|
|
Creativity (middle adulthood) |
The ability to produce original, appropriate, and valuable ideas and/ or solutions to problems. |
|
|
Erickson's generativity v.s stagnation |
Generativity- involves an interest in establishing and guiding the next generation. Stagnation- the failure to find a way to contribute. |
|
|
Career consolidation |
A stage of adult development which involves creating a social identity within the world of work. |
|
|
Role conflict |
Conflicting priorities. Ex: when a middle aged father must choose between helping his aging parents with financial or health problems and attending his son's football game. |
|
|
Role strain |
When your own qualities or skills do not measure up to demands of some role. |
|
|
Mid-life squeeze |
Giving assistance to both directions in the generational chain and maintaining attachment relationships. |
|
|
Sandwich generation |
Middle age adults who provide assistance to their parents and adult children at the same time. |
|
|
Remote relationships |
Grandparents do not see their grandchildren often. |
|
|
Compassionate relationships |
Grandparents have frequent contact and warm interactions with grandchildren. |
|
|
Involved relationships |
Grandparents are the sole caregivers of the grandchildren. |
|
|
Gerontology |
The scientific study of aging. |
|
|
Behaviorally effects of age-related changes |
General slowing, sleeping and eating patterns, and motor functions, and sexual activity. |
|
|
Wisdom |
Factual and procedural knowledge. Understanding the relevance of context and values. Recognition that it is impossible to know how decisions will effect the future. |
|
|
Creativity (late adulthood) four phases |
Creative individuals reach their peak. Reevaluation- reflecting on past accomplishments and set new goals Liberation- free to create Summing up- knit their accomplishments together into a meaningful story. Encore- complete unfinished works and fulfill desires. |
|
|
Erikson's ego integrity v.s despair |
Ego integrity: the feeling that one's life has been worthwhile. Despair: feelings of hopelessness and despair because there is too little time to make changes before death. |
|
|
Reminiscence |
Reflecting on past experience. |
|
|
Life review |
Elders make judgements about past behavior. |
|
|
Activity theory |
The idea that it is normal and healthy for older adults to remain active as long as possible. |
|
|
Disengagement theory |
The theory that it is normal and healthy for older adults to separate themselves from others to a certain degree. |
|
|
Continuity theory |
The idea that older adults share the same interests and activities until imposed by physical age. |
|
|
Successful aging paradigm |
Successful aging has three components: good physical health, retention of cognitive abilities, and engagement in social and productive activities. Paradigm is the concept of successful aging. |
|
|
Social engagement |
Social connectedness and participation in productive activities. This contributes to successful aging because it provides opportunities for elders to give and receive support. |
|
|
Life satisfaction |
A sense of personal well-being. |
