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124 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Speech Language Pathologist |
The preferred title for a person trained to diagnose and treat communication disorders |
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Communication |
The interaction or exchange of ideas, feelings, and thoughts |
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Code of Ethics |
An organization document that maintains the welfare of being treated, maintains professional competence, provides accurate and honest information to the public, and monitors the professional standards of colleagues |
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American Speech Language Hearing Association ASHA |
The Professional organization for representing and credentialing audiologists and speech language pathologists |
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The Entry Level Degree For a Speech Language Pathologist is? |
Masters |
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After Graduation, a speech language pathologist must complete a _____, which involves 36 weeks of mentored practice |
Clinical Fellowship |
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The Entry level degree for an audiologist is |
AUD |
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Adduction |
The process of closing the vocal folds |
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The ________ lobe is the primary sensory area |
parietal |
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The _______ lobe is the primary motor area |
frontal |
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Corpus Callosum |
Structure that allows the two hemispheres to communicate with each other |
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Broca's Area |
The area in the brain respondsible for speech motor planning, linguistic programming, and the production of expressive speech language |
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The brainstem consists of what three structures? |
Medulla, Pons, Midbrain |
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Cerebellum |
Structure that is involved with motor coordination, balance, and movement |
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Trachea |
Structure that is a rigid and flexible tube that consists of cartilaginous rings |
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Three cavaties in which sound vibrates |
oral, pharyngeal, nasal |
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Wernicke's Area |
The language center of the brain that is respondsible for comprehension of language and speech |
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The central nervous system is composed of |
the Brain and the spinal cord |
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The structures of the respiratory system are involved in two major functions which are |
breathing and sound production |
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Phonation |
the process of producing sound at the larynx |
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On average mens vocal folds vibrate |
125 times per second |
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On average, women's vocal folds vibrate |
250 times per second |
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How much time is spent exhaling when breathing for speech? |
90% |
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Sensorineaural hearing loss |
Hearing loss that occurs when there is damage to the cochlea or auditory nerve |
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Presbycusis |
Hearing loss associated with aging |
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Cerumen |
Another name for ear wax |
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Atresia |
A conductive hearing loss where the ear canal has failed to develop |
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Otoxcity |
Damage to the inner ear that occurs as a result of medications that can cause hearing loss |
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External Otitis |
Swimmers ear |
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Mechanical energy is converted into _____ energy in the inner ear |
hydraulic |
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Pinna |
The cartilaginous portion of the ear that serves as a sound-gathering function |
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Semicircular canals |
Respondsible for balance and movement and hearing |
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The Bernoulli Effect |
Creates a decrease in air pressure as air moves between the vocal folds during speech |
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Aphasia |
The term that refers to the loss of language due to neurological damage |
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Stroke |
Occurs when theres a blockage in a blood vessel supplying blood to the brain |
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Neologism |
When a patient with aphasia creates a new word as if it was a part of everyday vocabulary |
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Dementia |
An impairment of short and long-term memory with related changes in abstract thinking |
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Dysarthria |
A motor speech disorder that results from paralysis, weakness, or incoordination of the speech muscles that is of neurological origin |
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Arcuate Fasciculus |
Pathway that connects language formulation with speech production |
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Agnosia |
When patients have a hard time remembering faces of familiar individuals |
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Alexia |
Some patients with aphasia will experience mild to severe reading difficulties |
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Agraphia |
Some patients with aphasia will experience and inability to connect the language areas of the brain with the areas that control the ability to write words |
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Jargon |
Some patients with aphasia will use normal intonation, prosody, and fluent speech while stringing together a series of meaningless words |
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Global Aphasia |
Patients who exhibit nonfunctional language skills in both receptive and expressive language skills |
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Patients with right-hemisphere brain damage can exhibit problems in |
Pragmatics, maintaining attention, problem solving, and left neglect |
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Traumatic Brain Injuries are often associated with |
Motor-vehicle accidents, sports-related accidents, war injuries, and falls |
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Patients with a concussion may experience |
Loss of consciousness, confusion, disorientation, or full recovery |
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If symptoms exhibit gradual onset, then it is likely the patient has... |
dementia |
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Apraxia characteristics |
Difficulty with initiating speech, phonating, and imitating movements |
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Air conduction test |
Provides info on the patient's ability to hear sound through the outer, middle, and inner ear |
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Speech reception threshold |
The intensity level where the patient is able to repeat half of the words presented |
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A pure tone audiometer is a device that generates acoustic signals at.... |
125-800 Hz |
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Air conduction audiometry |
The first test to assess a person's hearing |
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An audiogram shows the result of the hearing test, with ______ on the horizontal axis and _____ on the vertical axis |
Frequencies; Intensity |
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Bone conduction Audiometry |
Test that uses a pure tone to directly assess the sensitivity of the inner ear by bypassing the outer and middle ear |
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Speech reception threshold uses... |
two-syllable words |
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Tympanometry |
Test that assesses middle-ear functioning to determind sound-transmission characteristics |
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Otoacoustic Emissions |
A probe is placed in the patient's ear that produces audible clicks while a microphone captures the signal produced by the cochlea |
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Auditory Evoked Potentials |
Electrodes are placed on the patient's scalp and a computer analyzes the response to an auditory stimulus |
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Patients need to be at least ____ to be elligible for cochlear impants |
1 year old |
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Cochlear implants are made up of the following components |
External microphone, external speech processor, implanted reciever, and an electrode array |
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the ideal speech signal to noise ratio is |
+15 dB |
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Newborns can use the _____ tests to test their hearing |
Otoacoustic emissions, and auditory evoked potentials |
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Tympanogram |
A plotted graph of the results representing the ability of the middle ear to transmit sound |
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Syntax |
Refers to rules governing word order and word classes such as nouns and verbs |
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Semantics |
Refers to children's understanding and production of words |
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Pragmatics |
The function or use of language in appropriate contexts |
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Joint Reference |
When a child and the caregiver attend to an object or action |
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Phonological Awareness |
A child learns that sentences are composed of words, words are composed of syllables, and syllables are composed of individual sounds |
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Which word contains freestanding and bound morphemes? |
Jumping |
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Mean Length of Utterance |
A measure of expressive language development that averages the number of morphemes per sentence |
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At which grade do most children transition from learning to read to reading to learn? |
Fourth grade |
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Phonation |
The process of putting the vocal cords into vibration |
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Alphabetic Principle |
The understanding that phonemes have an associated grapheme |
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Protowords |
When children use word-like productions consistently to label an object or action |
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what are the characteristics of a young child's first 50 words? |
majority are nouns |
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Young children start losing the ability to perceive non-native speech sounds by what age? |
6-12 months |
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"Doggie" may be used to refer to the child's dog but not any other dog. This is an example of |
Underextending |
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Acoustic energy is converted into ______ energy in the middle ear |
Mechanical |
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Register |
A set of language features that characterize the way a speaker talks in a specific context |
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Acculturation |
When an individual tries to fit into a group by adopting the social or cultural characteristics |
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Culturally Competent |
Understanding how cultural differences impact the services professionals provide |
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Cultural Identification |
How people interpret the world around them |
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Dialect |
A rule governed variant of a language |
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Screening |
The process by evaluating a large number of children in a short period of time to determine if a problem exists or not |
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Dipthong |
Combining two vowels by changing the shape of the vocal tract when moving from one vowel to the next |
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Consonants can be classified into the following category |
Place, manner, voice |
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A child with a cleft palate may have difficulty |
building up pressure in the oral cavity |
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Vowels are classified according to |
Tongue height and tongue position |
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Evaluation |
Determines if a child has a speech sound problem |
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Language difference |
A variation of a symbol system used by a group |
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Non linguistic cognitive functions |
Attention, perception,memory |
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The expressive vocab test examines |
content |
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Specific Language Impairment |
Language impairment despite intact hearing and nonverbal cognitive function |
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Eustachian Tube |
Equalizes air pressure in the middle ear with the external environment |
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The first oral cavity in which sound vibrates |
Pharyngeal cavity |
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The peripheral nervous system is composed of |
spinal nerves |
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How much time is spent inhaling when breathing for speech? |
10% |
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The average range for speech language standardized tests |
85-115 |
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Stopping |
Intended target sound is a fricative consonant and the child produces a stop consonant in its place |
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Language disorder |
An impairment of comprehension and/or expression of language content,form, and/or use in any combination |
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Traditional articulation therapy |
Focuses on the motor aspects of speech production |
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Vocal Fold Paralysis |
The inability to open or close the vocal folds |
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Hyponasality |
When your nasal cavity is congested |
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Pitch |
Frequency of vocal fold vibration |
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Vocal Nodules |
Benign growths that are soft and pliable |
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Vocal abuse |
Excessive and prolonged loudness of the voice, forcefully exploding the vocal folds, and screaming excessively |
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Phonotrauma |
The relationship between vocal behaviors, changes in laryngeal tissue, and the resulting voice problems some people may experience |
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The vocal folds attach to the back of the thyroid cartilage and to the protrusions of |
the arytenoid cartilage |
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Papilloma |
A wart-like growth caused by a virus |
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Epiglottis |
Attached to the back of the tongue and flips downward during swallowing to protect the opening of the larynx |
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Pharyngeal phase lasts |
1 second |
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Aspiration pneumonia |
When food or liquid enters the bronchi of the lungs, resulting in an infection |
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Swallowing is accomplished in _____ phases |
4 |
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Laryngeal Penetration |
When the patient attempts to swallow and the bolus enters the laryngeal area above the vocal folds |
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The vocal folds close during the _____ phase of swallowing |
Pharyngeal |
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About _______ of children who begin stuttering will recover, while _____ of children will continue stuttering and will require some form of intervention |
80%,20% |
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Disfluency |
Anything that interrupts the forward flow of speech |
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95% of children who stutter exhibit the problem by the time they are ______ |
5 |
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_______ percent of the population has stuttered at some point in their life |
5% |
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ratio of adult men who stutter compared to adult women who stutter |
4:1 |
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Stuttering Modification Therapy |
Focuses on the reducation of avoidances |
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Diagnosogenic Theory |
Believed that parents created their child's stuttering. It is not a popular theory today |
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The bolus moves to the back of the mouth during the _______ |
oral phase |
