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79 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What does FAO stand for? |
Food and Agriculture Organization |
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How many people do we expect to have to feed by 2050? what percent more of food will we need to have according to the U.N. FAO? How much of it will have to be from technology? |
9 million
100% 70% technology |
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What are the three rights the paper discusses in the article, "Technology's role in the 21st century?" |
1. Food: a basic human right 2.Choice: a consumer right 3. Sustainability: environmentally right |
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Who wrote the article "Technology's Role in the 21st Century?" |
Jeff Simmons |
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What is the difference between a food loss and a food waste? |
Food loss is during the early and middle stages of the food supply chain
Food waste is at the consumer level |
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How do the numbers of food loss and food waste compare between developed and underdeveloped countries? |
Developed countries lose AND waste more kg. of food than underdeveloped countries.
Loss: D = 290 - 300 kg per year U = 120 - 170 Waste: D = 95 - 115 U = 6 - 11
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Define Bennetts Law |
The ratio of starchy foods in the diet falls as income rises... The poor eat more starchy foods: grains & root crops The wealthy eat more fruit, meat, veggies |
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Define Engels Law |
The proportion of household budget spent on food decreases as income increases... Wealthy spend less % of income on food |
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How can these laws be used to describe Food Security in the world by 2050? |
The laws divide families and individuals into almost a class system based on the food being consumed. |
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A higher standard of living means a higher quality and quantity of goods and services available to individuals and to society, contributing to material well-being. Agriculture animals contribute to man's well-being and standard of living by providing many Products and Services: in what ways? |
- They provide humans more protein than they take in themselves - income, draft power, security, fertilizer |
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It was mentioned that when accessing the extent of global "feed vs. food" competition, one major factor must be accounted for - that is, livestock diets include a considerable quantity of by-products from crops that are used for human foods: Examples? |
- candy - apples - peas - beer - donuts |
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What were the three sustainability sectors described in the CAST video? |
1. Environmental Responsibility 2. Economic viability 3. Social Acceptability |
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Define Variety Meats Give examples... |
Meat that has been taken from a part other than skeletal muscles. Liver Tongue Tripe Ox joints Kidneys Sweetbreads |
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Worldwide, what is the % of calories contributed by plants? |
83% |
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Worldwide, what is the % of calories contributed by animals? |
17% |
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In the US, what is the % of calories contributed by plants? |
76% |
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In the US, what is the % of calories contributed by animals? |
24% |
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Worldwide, what is the % of protein contributed by plants? |
61% |
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Worldwide, what is the % of calories contributed by animals? |
39% |
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In the US, what is the % of calories contributed by plants? |
36% |
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In the US, what is the % of calories contributed by animals? |
64% |
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When is a Cow more than a Cow? |
By-products |
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What are the three things corn is used in? |
1. Ethanol 2. Animal Feed 3. Human Food |
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Who came to class and spoke to us about sustainability? |
Sara Place |
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What % of GHG emissions are put out by animal production? |
51% |
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Define the Greenhouse Gas Effect |
solar energy hits the Earth's surface, some is bounced back into the atmosphere; important for temperature |
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What gas is in the air and its at the highest % its been in 650,000 years? What is it caused by? |
CO2 Industry and burning of fossil fuels |
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What are three gases and their Global Warming Potential? |
CO2 = 1 Methane = 28 Nitrous Oxide = 265 |
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What % of GHG emissions is released at the Livestock sector? |
18% |
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Land use change % of GHG emissions? |
35.4% |
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What does Global Warming Potential indicate? |
How much it is compared to 1 Carbon dioxide molecule |
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Life Cycle assessment: |
Crop Production: 21% Milk Production: 59% Processing: 7% Packaging: 7% Transportation: 3% Retail: 3% |
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What does the Life Cycle Assessment indicate? |
It measures the potential environmental impacts of a product, process, or service over its life cycle |
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What is the length of gestation in horses? |
~340 days |
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The required light to dark ratio needed to induce the mare to begin her estrous cycle in the spring of the year is what? |
16 light; 8 dark |
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In the horse, which digestive organ contains microbes and is the major site of microbial fermentation? |
stomach |
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One "hand" is equal to __________ inches. |
4 |
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Ponies stand _______ hands high, or less, at the withers. |
14.2 |
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There are over _______ breed registries for horses in the U.S. |
150 |
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Approx how many horses are there in the U.S? |
9.2 million |
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What disorder may result from overfeeding grain or lush green pasture to horses? |
Founder |
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Tobiano and Overo refer to two color patterns used to describe Paint horses. The ____ pattern is where the white will cross the back (or top line) somewhere between the ears and tail? |
Tobiano |
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Which of the following is the major activity/use of horses in the U.S.? |
Recreation |
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Walk has how many beats? |
4; 3 feet on ground, one in air |
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Trot beats? |
2; foreleg and opposite hind leg touch the ground at the same time |
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Canter beats? |
3; foreleg and opposite hind leg strike ground together while the other two legs strike separately |
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Gallop beats? |
4; two paired legs land separately |
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RWhat is the most popular breed of horse in the US today? |
Quarter Horse |
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Which of the following eating strategies are horses most adapted to? |
Eat small amount frequently and move continuously |
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______ is the eating feces that is normal behavior among many animals. |
Coprophagy |
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A genetic disorder in equine where the muscles are unable to properly store glucose, causing muscular problems? |
PSSM |
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If feeding a horse >1% of its body weight in grain, how many times a day should it be fed to prevent digestive problems? |
3 feedings/day |
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How much hay should be included in the diet of horses? |
1% of their BW |
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Four general purpose categories for equine? |
1. Racing 2. Showing 3. Recreation 4. Other |
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How are horses classified? |
Build Height Weight Uses |
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What are the popular breeds of horses? |
Quarter Horse Paint Horse Thoroughbred Standardbred Tennessee Walking Horse |
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Reprod of equine |
Seasonal Polyestrous
Long-day breeders
Mid Nov to Mid Feb |
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Blister beetle concerns |
produce cantharidin, which is toxic to people and animals
concern to alfalfa producers |
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Three genetic defects in horses? |
PSSM
HERDA
HyPP |
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PSSM: |
Abnormal levels of glycogen and Polysaccharides in muscle |
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HyPP: |
Hyperkalemic Periodic Paralysis |
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HERDA: |
Hereditary Equine Regional Dermal Asthenia
lack of adhesion within the layers of skin due to a genetic defect in the collagen that holds the skin in place |
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Coat Colors of horses |
Dun: lightens both red and black hair White Palomino Gray Buckskin Bay Chestnut Black |
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Coat color patterns for horses |
Roan Spotting (Tobiano or overo) Leopard |
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The different Sheep breeds can be classified according to different criteria; what four ways? |
1. Primary purpose 2. Type of fiber 3. Color of face 4. Amount of wool on face - Open faced - Closed faced |
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The different breeds of goats can be classified according to different criteria; what were those classifications? |
1. Milk 2. Meat 3. Fiber 4. Dual Purpose 5. Pygmy |
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Goat Milk vs Cow Milk |
Goats: sweeter and provides more minerals, contains 13% less lactose, people who are allergic to cows milk (5% of people) might be able to consume goats milk because it contains a different type of protein |
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Why does goat milk not separate like cows milk? |
It does not contain agglutinin that enables the fat globules to cluster and rise to the top |
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Primary difference between hair sheep and wool sheep |
the ratio of hair to wool fibers; hair sheep have more hair fibers and wool sheep have more wool fibers |
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Economic impact of predator loss in sheep/goat industry |
61% of total losses |
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Best method to restrain sheep and goats? |
Rumping |
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What is the FAMACHA system and how is it used? |
Used for assessing anemia and barber pole worm infection in small ruminants
Look inside eyelid: red is good, white = parasite |
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Sheep and goat lengths of estrous cycle |
S: 17 days G: 21 days |
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Sheep and Goat length of gestation |
S: 145 to 150 days G: 145 to 155 days |
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Sheep and goat grazing and foraging habits |
S: Grazers, followers from birth, prefer succulent growth, gregarious and flockers G: natural browsers, hiders then followers, prefers twigs and vines, curious and independent, easier to AI than sheep |
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Husbandry practices and welfare issues with swine: |
? |
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Husbandry practices and welfare issues with Sheep/Goats: |
Tail docking of lambs Castration method Disbudding of goats |
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Husbandry practices and welfare issues with Cattle: |
? |
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Husbandry practices and welfare issues with Poultry: |
? |
